LED Lamp 594SURD/S530-A3 Datasheet - Brilliant Red - 20mA - 60mW - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 594SURD/S530-A3 is a high-brightness LED lamp designed for applications requiring superior luminous intensity and reliability. This component utilizes AlGaInP chip technology to produce a brilliant red color output. It is engineered for robustness and compliance with modern environmental and safety standards, including RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free requirements.

The series offers a choice of various viewing angles to suit different application needs and is available in tape and reel packaging for automated assembly processes. Its primary design goal is to deliver consistent, high-performance illumination in compact electronic devices.

1.1 Core Advantages

• High Brightness: Specifically designed for applications demanding higher luminous output.
• Environmental Compliance: The product remains within RoHS compliant versions and complies with EU REACH regulations.
• Halogen-Free: Compliant with halogen-free standards (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).
• Reliability: Built to be reliable and robust for long-term operation.
• Packaging Flexibility: Available on tape and reel for efficient high-volume manufacturing.

1.2 Target Market & Applications

This LED is targeted at consumer electronics and display backlighting markets. Its typical applications include:

• Television Sets
• Computer Monitors
• Telephones
• General Computer Peripherals and Indicators

The component is suitable for both status indication and backlighting purposes where a distinct red color is required.

2. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis

This section provides a detailed, objective interpretation of the key technical parameters specified in the datasheet. Understanding these limits and characteristics is crucial for proper circuit design and reliable operation.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation at or near these limits is not recommended for extended periods.

• Continuous Forward Current (I_F): 25 mA. This is the maximum DC current that can be applied continuously without degrading the LED's performance or lifespan. Exceeding this value increases junction temperature and accelerates lumen depreciation.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP): 60 mA (at 1/10 duty cycle, 1 kHz). This rating allows for brief current pulses, which can be useful for multiplexing or achieving higher instantaneous brightness. The 10% duty cycle is critical; the average current must still comply with the continuous rating.
• Reverse Voltage (V_R): 5 V. LEDs are not designed to withstand significant reverse bias. Applying a voltage greater than 5V in reverse can cause immediate and catastrophic failure due to junction breakdown.
• Power Dissipation (P_d): 60 mW. This is the maximum amount of power the package can dissipate as heat. It is calculated as Forward Voltage (V_F) * Forward Current (I_F). Designers must ensure the operating point does not exceed this limit.
• Operating & Storage Temperature: -40°C to +85°C (Operating), -40°C to +100°C (Storage). The wide temperature range makes it suitable for industrial and automotive environments (non-critical areas).
• Soldering Temperature: 260°C for 5 seconds. This defines the reflow soldering profile tolerance, crucial for PCB assembly without damaging the epoxy resin or internal bonds.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics (Ta=25°C)

These are the typical performance parameters measured under standard test conditions (20mA forward current, 25°C ambient).

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): Typical 16 mcd, Minimum 10 mcd. This specifies the amount of visible light emitted in a given direction. The minimum value is the guaranteed lower limit for product acceptance. The ±10% measurement uncertainty should be considered in tight tolerance designs.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2): Typical 170 degrees. This very wide viewing angle indicates a diffused lens/resin, producing a broad, even illumination pattern rather than a narrow beam. It is ideal for applications where the LED needs to be visible from many angles.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): Typical 632 nm. This is the wavelength at which the spectral power distribution is maximum. It defines the "color" of the light emitted by the semiconductor chip itself.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): Typical 624 nm. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that matches the color of the LED. It is often more relevant for color specification than peak wavelength. The ±1.0nm measurement uncertainty is noted.
• Spectrum Radiation Bandwidth (Δλ): Typical 20 nm. This is the spectral width at half the maximum intensity (FWHM). A value of 20nm is characteristic of AlGaInP red LEDs and indicates a relatively pure color saturation.
• Forward Voltage (V_F): Min 1.7V, Typ 2.0V, Max 2.4V (at I_F=20mA). This is the voltage drop across the LED when operating. The driver circuit must be designed to accommodate this range. The ±0.1V measurement uncertainty is specified.
• Reverse Current (I_R): Max 10 μA (at V_R=5V). This is the leakage current when the device is reverse-biased. A value of 10μA is standard for indicator LEDs.

2.3 Thermal Characteristics

While not explicitly listed in a separate table, thermal management is implied through the power dissipation rating and operating temperature range. The performance curves show the dependency of light output and forward current on ambient temperature, which is a critical design consideration. Effective heat sinking or current derating is necessary when operating in high ambient temperatures to maintain performance and longevity.

3. Binning System Explanation

The datasheet references a binning system for key parameters, as indicated in the label explanation for packing materials. Binning is the process of sorting LEDs into groups (bins) based on measured performance to ensure consistency within a production lot.

• CAT (Ranks of Luminous Intensity): LEDs are sorted into bins based on their measured luminous intensity (e.g., 10-12 mcd, 13-15 mcd, 16-18 mcd). This allows designers to select a brightness grade suitable for their application.
• HUE (Ranks of Dominant Wavelength): LEDs are binned according to their dominant wavelength (e.g., 622-624 nm, 624-626 nm). This ensures color consistency across multiple LEDs used in a single product.
• REF (Ranks of Forward Voltage): Forward voltage is also binned (e.g., 1.9-2.1V, 2.1-2.3V). This can be important for designs with multiple LEDs in series, as it affects the total voltage requirement and current matching in parallel configurations.

The specific bin code ranges are not detailed in this public datasheet and are typically provided in separate binning documents or agreed upon during the ordering process.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The provided graphs offer valuable insights into the device's behavior under non-standard conditions.

4.1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength

This spectral distribution curve confirms the typical peak wavelength of ~632 nm and a FWHM of ~20 nm, characteristic of a brilliant red AlGaInP LED. The shape is typical, with a sharp cut-off on the long-wavelength side and a more gradual decline on the short-wavelength side.

4.2 Directivity Pattern

The polar plot illustrates the 170-degree viewing angle. The intensity is nearly uniform across a very wide area, confirming the diffused nature of the lens. There is no significant side-lobe or narrow hotspot, which is ideal for wide-angle indicator applications.

4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This graph shows the exponential relationship typical of a diode. The "knee" voltage, where the LED begins to conduct significantly, is around 1.6V. At the recommended operating current of 20mA, the forward voltage is approximately 2.0V. The curve is essential for designing constant-current drivers or simple resistor-based current limiting circuits.

4.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current

The light output (relative intensity) increases linearly with forward current up to the rated maximum. This linear relationship simplifies brightness control via current modulation (analog dimming). However, efficiency may drop at very high currents due to increased thermal effects.

4.5 Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature & Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature

These are de-rating curves, arguably the most critical for reliable design.

• Light Output vs. Temperature: The relative intensity decreases as ambient temperature increases. For example, at 85°C, the light output may be only ~70-80% of its value at 25°C. This must be compensated for in applications requiring consistent brightness across temperature ranges.
• Forward Current vs. Temperature: This curve likely shows the maximum allowable forward current as a function of ambient temperature to stay within the power dissipation limit. To ensure reliability, the operating current must be reduced (de-rated) as ambient temperature rises. Operating at the absolute maximum current of 25mA is only safe at lower ambient temperatures.

5. Mechanical & Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The LED features a standard radial leaded package (often referred to as a "3mm" or "T1" package, though exact dimensions should be taken from the drawing). Key dimensional notes include:

• All dimensions are in millimeters.
• The height of the flange (the rim at the base of the dome) must be less than 1.5mm (0.059"). This is important for clearance during PCB mounting.
• Standard tolerance for unspecified dimensions is ±0.25mm.

The dimensional drawing is essential for PCB footprint design, ensuring proper hole spacing and component placement.

5.2 Polarity Identification

For radial LED packages, the cathode is typically identified by a flat spot on the rim of the plastic lens, a shorter lead, or a notch in the flange. The specific identification method should be indicated on the package dimension drawing. Correct polarity is essential; reverse biasing beyond 5V can destroy the device.

6. Soldering & Assembly Guidelines

Strict adherence to these guidelines is necessary to prevent mechanical and thermal damage during the assembly process.

6.1 Lead Forming

• Bend leads at a point at least 3mm from the base of the epoxy bulb.
• Perform lead forming before soldering.
• Avoid stressing the LED package during forming. Stress can crack the epoxy or damage internal wire bonds.
• Cut leads at room temperature. High-temperature cutting can induce thermal shock.
• Ensure PCB holes align perfectly with LED leads to avoid mounting stress.

6.2 Storage Conditions

• Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% Relative Humidity after receipt.
• Storage life in original bag: 3 months.
• For longer storage (up to 1 year): use a sealed container with nitrogen atmosphere and desiccant.
• Avoid rapid temperature changes in humid environments to prevent condensation.

6.3 Soldering Process Parameters

General Rule: Maintain a minimum distance of 3mm from the solder joint to the epoxy bulb.

Hand Soldering:

• Iron Tip Temperature: 300°C Max (30W Max iron).
• Soldering Time: 3 seconds Max per lead.

Wave (DIP) Soldering:

• Preheat Temperature: 100°C Max (for 60 sec Max).
• Solder Bath Temperature & Time: 260°C Max for 5 seconds Max.

Critical Notes:

• Avoid stress on leads while the LED is hot.
• Do not solder (dip or hand) more than once.
• Protect the LED from mechanical shock/vibration until it cools to room temperature after soldering.
• Cool down from peak temperature gradually; rapid cooling is not recommended.
• Always use the lowest possible soldering temperature that achieves a reliable joint.

6.4 Cleaning

• If necessary, clean only with isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for ≤1 minute.
• Air dry at room temperature.
• Do not use ultrasonic cleaning unless pre-qualified under specific conditions, as it can damage the internal structure.

7. Packaging & Ordering Information

7.1 Packing Specification

The LEDs are packaged to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) and moisture ingress:

1. Primary Pack: Anti-electrostatic bag containing a minimum of 200 to 1000 pieces.
2. Secondary Pack: 4 bags are placed into one inner carton.
3. Tertiary Pack: 10 inner cartons are placed into one master (outside) carton.

7.2 Label Explanation

The bag label contains several codes for traceability and specification:

• CPN: Customer's Production Number (optional customer reference).
• P/N: Production Number (the manufacturer's part number, e.g., 594SURD/S530-A3).
• QTY: Packing Quantity in the bag.
• CAT, HUE, REF: Binning codes for Luminous Intensity, Dominant Wavelength, and Forward Voltage, respectively.
• LOT No: Manufacturing Lot Number for traceability.

8. Application Design Considerations

8.1 Driver Circuit Design

The most common drive method is a series current-limiting resistor. The resistor value (R) is calculated as: R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F. Use the maximum V_F from the datasheet (2.4V) to ensure the current does not exceed the desired value even with a low-V_F LED. For example, with a 5V supply and target I_F of 20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130Ω. The nearest standard value (120Ω or 150Ω) would be chosen, with 150Ω being more conservative. For critical brightness consistency or operation over a wide temperature range, a constant current driver is recommended.

8.2 Thermal Management

Although a small indicator LED, heat management is still important for longevity. Ensure the PCB has adequate copper area around the LED leads to act as a heat sink. Avoid placing the LED near other heat-generating components. Adhere to the current de-rating guidelines shown in the performance curves when designing for high ambient temperature environments.

8.3 ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) Protection

The datasheet notes the product is sensitive to ESD. Standard ESD handling precautions must be followed during assembly: use grounded workstations, wrist straps, and conductive floor mats. Transport and store in ESD-shielded packaging.

9. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

9.1 Can I drive this LED with 3.3V logic?

Yes. Using a series resistor: With a typical V_F of 2.0V, a resistor of (3.3V - 2.0V)/0.02A = 65Ω is needed. However, if the LED has a maximum V_F of 2.4V, the current at 3.3V with a 65Ω resistor would be only ~14mA, resulting in lower brightness. A smaller resistor (e.g., 47Ω) could be used, but you must verify the current does not exceed 25mA under minimum V_F conditions.

9.2 Why is the viewing angle so wide (170°)?

The "SURD" in the part number and the "Red Diffused" resin description indicate a diffused lens. This scatters the light, creating a very wide, uniform viewing angle ideal for status indicators that need to be seen from many directions, not just head-on.

9.3 What is the difference between Peak Wavelength (632nm) and Dominant Wavelength (624nm)?

Peak wavelength is the physical peak of the light spectrum the chip emits. Dominant wavelength is the perceptual "color point" as seen by the human eye, which is influenced by the entire spectral shape and the eye's sensitivity (photopic response). Dominant wavelength is often more useful for color matching applications.

9.4 How many LEDs can I put in series?

The limit is determined by your driver voltage. For a constant current driver, add the maximum V_F of each LED. For example, with a 12V driver: 12V / 2.4V = 5 LEDs maximum in series. Always include a safety margin. For a resistor-driven string from a voltage source, the calculation is more complex and must account for the total voltage drop and current.

10. Operating Principle

This LED is based on AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor material. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's knee voltage is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region from the n-type and p-type layers, respectively. These charge carriers recombine radiatively, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific bandgap energy of the AlGaInP alloy determines the wavelength of the emitted photons, in this case, in the red portion of the visible spectrum (~624-632 nm). The diffused epoxy resin encapsulant protects the semiconductor chip, acts as a lens to shape the light output, and contains phosphors or diffusing particles to create the wide viewing angle.