XI3030P LED Color Series Datasheet - Size 3.0x3.0mm - Voltage 1.4-3.7V - Power 0.2W - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The XI3030P is a series of mid-power, top-view surface-mount device (SMD) LEDs designed for a wide range of lighting applications. The package is characterized by its compact 3.0mm x 3.0mm form factor, high efficacy, and a wide viewing angle, making it suitable for both functional and decorative illumination. The series encompasses multiple colors including Green, Amber, Orange, Red, Royal Blue, Deep Red, and Far Red, providing designers with flexibility for various spectral requirements.

The core advantages of this series include its compliance with modern environmental and safety standards. It is lead-free (Pb-free), fully compliant with the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive, and adheres to EU REACH regulations. Furthermore, it is classified as halogen-free, with bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) content strictly controlled below 900ppm individually and 1500ppm combined, enhancing its suitability for sensitive applications and end-of-life disposal.

The target market for the XI3030P series is broad, focusing primarily on general lighting, decorative and entertainment lighting, and increasingly on specialized fields such as horticulture or agriculture lighting, where specific wavelengths like deep red and far red are crucial for plant growth.

2. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The device's operational limits are defined to ensure reliability and prevent premature failure. The maximum continuous forward current (I_F) is rated at 200mA. The thermal resistance from junction to solder point (R_th) is 15°C/W, which is a key parameter for thermal management design. The maximum allowable junction temperature (T_J) is 125°C for the Royal Blue variant and 115°C for all other colors (Far/Deep Red, Green, Amber, Orange, Red). This differential is likely due to differences in semiconductor material properties and efficiency.

The operating temperature range is from -40°C to +85°C, ensuring functionality in harsh environments. The device can withstand a maximum soldering temperature (T_Sol) of 260°C for a limited time, compatible with standard lead-free reflow processes. It is rated for a maximum of two reflow cycles, which is typical for SMD components.

2.2 Photometric and Electrical Characteristics

The performance of each color variant is specified at a standard test current of 150mA and a thermal pad temperature of 25°C. Measurements have a tolerance of ±10%.

For colors where the human eye is sensitive (photopic vision), luminous flux is provided:

• Green (515-530nm): 33-55 lumens, forward voltage 2.8-3.7V.
• Amber (580-595nm): 17-27 lumens, forward voltage 1.7-2.8V.
• Orange (605-620nm): 24-45 lumens, forward voltage 1.5-2.8V.
• Red (615-630nm): 16-27 lumens, forward voltage 1.5-2.8V.

For colors where radiant power is more relevant (e.g., for plant growth or sensing), radiant flux is specified:

• Royal Blue (450-460nm): 190-280 mW, forward voltage 2.5-3.1V.
• Deep Red (645-675nm): 100-160 mW, forward voltage 2.1-2.7V.
• Far Red (715-745nm): 70-110 mW, forward voltage 1.4-2.5V.

The forward voltage ranges indicate the variance in semiconductor characteristics and provide critical data for driver circuit design to ensure consistent current regulation.

3. Binning System Explanation

To manage production variances and allow for precise color and brightness matching in applications, the XI3030P series employs a comprehensive binning system.

3.1 Luminous and Radiant Flux Binning

Luminous flux bins use alphanumeric codes (e.g., L5, M3, N4, R1). For example, bin R1 specifies a luminous flux range of 50 to 55 lumens. Radiant flux bins use codes like R4 to T7. Bin T6, for instance, covers 260 to 280 mW. This binning allows designers to select LEDs with guaranteed minimum output for their application, crucial for achieving uniform brightness in multi-LED systems.

3.2 Wavelength Binning

Dominant wavelength (for Green, Amber, Orange, Red, Royal Blue) and peak wavelength (for Deep Red, Far Red) are binned into narrow ranges, typically 5nm wide, with a measurement tolerance of ±1nm. For example, Green LEDs are grouped into bins G51 (515-520nm), G52 (520-525nm), and G53 (525-530nm). This tight control is essential for applications requiring specific chromaticity or spectral output, such as color mixing in displays or targeted wavelengths in horticulture.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage (V_F) is binned in 0.1V increments, defined at 150mA. Bins range from 1415 (1.4-1.5V) to 3637 (3.6-3.7V). This binning, with a ±2% measurement tolerance, helps in designing efficient power supplies and in parallel LED strings to ensure current sharing is balanced, preventing some LEDs from being overdriven while others are underdriven.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

4.1 Relative Spectral Distribution

The datasheet includes a combined spectral distribution graph for all colors at 25°C. This graph visually represents the narrowband emission characteristic of each LED color. It shows the primary peak for each variant and allows for comparison of spectral purity and full width at half maximum (FWHM). The deep red and far red LEDs show emission in the longer infrared region, distinct from the visible spectrum colors.

4.2 Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current (IV Curve)

A graph plots forward voltage against forward current for all colors at 25°C. This curve is non-linear and is fundamental for driver design. It shows that V_F increases with current but at a diminishing rate. The graph clearly illustrates the different voltage ranges for each color, with Far Red having the lowest V_F and Green/Royal Blue among the highest. Understanding this relationship is critical for selecting an appropriate constant current driver voltage compliance range.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

The XI3030P package has a standard 3.0mm x 3.0mm footprint. The datasheet provides detailed dimensioned drawings for three slightly different mechanical configurations, with tolerances of ±0.2mm unless otherwise specified.

• Royal Blue: Has a specific pad layout.
• Green: Has its own specific dimension drawing.
• Far Red/Deep Red/Amber/Orange/Red: Share a common mechanical drawing.

A key mechanical feature is the central thermal pad. For Royal Blue and Green variants, this pad is electrically connected to the cathode. For the Far Red/Deep Red/Amber/Orange/Red group, it is connected to the anode. This information is vital for PCB layout to avoid electrical shorts. The pad's primary function is to provide a low thermal resistance path to dissipate heat from the LED junction to the PCB, which is essential for maintaining performance and longevity. A critical handling note warns against applying force to the lens, as this can damage the internal structure of the LED.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

The device is designed for standard surface-mount assembly processes. The maximum soldering temperature is 260°C, which aligns with common lead-free reflow profiles (e.g., IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). The component is rated for a maximum of two reflow cycles, which covers typical double-sided PCB assembly. It is crucial to follow the recommended reflow profile provided by the soldering paste manufacturer and ensure the peak temperature and time above liquidus are not exceeded.

Storage conditions are specified as -40°C to +100°C. LEDs should be stored in a dry, anti-static environment in their original moisture-barrier bags until use to prevent oxidation of the terminals and moisture absorption, which can cause "popcorning" during reflow.

7. Application Recommendations

7.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• Decorative and Entertainment Lighting: The wide viewing angle and multiple color options make it ideal for architectural accent lighting, signage, and stage lighting where color mixing is required.
• General Lighting: The high efficacy of the white-light versions (implied by the color components) suits it for retrofit bulbs, downlights, and panel lights.
• Agriculture/Horticulture Lighting: The availability of Royal Blue, Deep Red, and Far Red LEDs is specifically beneficial. Blue light influences plant morphology, while red and far red light are critical for photosynthesis and photoperiodism (flowering). These can be used in grow lights for indoor farming and greenhouses.

7.2 Design Considerations

• Thermal Management: With an R_th of 15°C/W, effective heat sinking via the thermal pad to a copper area on the PCB is mandatory, especially when driving at or near the maximum current. Poor thermal management will lead to increased junction temperature, reduced light output, accelerated lumen depreciation, and potential failure.
• Current Driving: Always use a constant current driver, not a constant voltage source. The forward current should be set based on the desired brightness and thermal design margin, not exceeding 200mA. Refer to the IV curve for driver voltage requirements.
• Optical Design: The wide viewing angle may require secondary optics (lenses, reflectors) if a more focused beam is needed. The top-view design is suitable for direct emission applications.
• Binning Selection: For applications requiring color consistency (e.g., video walls, linear lighting), specify tight wavelength and flux bins. For less critical applications, wider bins may be more cost-effective.

8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to traditional low-power LEDs (e.g., 5mm through-hole), the XI3030P offers significantly higher light output in a smaller, surface-mount package, enabling more compact and efficient luminaire designs. Compared to high-power LEDs (often 1W and above), it operates at a lower current density, which can improve reliability and simplify thermal management, as heat is spread over a larger area relative to the power.

Its key differentiation within the mid-power segment is the specific combination of colors offered, particularly the inclusion of horticulture-specific Deep Red and Far Red wavelengths in this package size. The clear documentation of halogen-free compliance and detailed binning structure also adds value for designers with strict environmental or performance consistency requirements.

9. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What is the difference between Dominant Wavelength and Peak Wavelength?
A: Dominant wavelength is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that matches the color of the light. Peak wavelength is the wavelength at which the spectral power distribution is maximum. For narrow-band LEDs like these, they are often very close. The datasheet uses dominant wavelength for visible colors and peak wavelength for Deep/Far Red, as the eye's sensitivity there is minimal.

Q: Can I drive this LED at 200mA continuously?
A: While 200mA is the absolute maximum rating, continuous operation at this level requires excellent thermal management to keep the junction temperature below its maximum limit (115°C or 125°C). For reliable long-term operation, it is common practice to derate the current, often operating between 150-180mA depending on the thermal design.

Q: Why are there different mechanical drawings for different colors?
A: The internal chip architecture and wire bonding may differ between the semiconductor materials used for different colors (e.g., InGaN for blue/green, AlInGaP for red/amber). This can lead to slight variations in the placement of the anode/cathode pads and the electrical connection of the thermal pad, necessitating different PCB footprints.

Q: How do I interpret the bin code in an order number?
A: The order code (e.g., XI3030P/G3C-D1530P3R128371Z15/2N) contains embedded codes for flux, wavelength, and voltage bins. Cross-reference the alphanumeric segments with the binning tables in sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 to determine the exact performance characteristics of that specific LED.

10. Practical Design and Usage Examples

Example 1: Horticulture Grow Light Module
A designer creates a module for seedling propagation. They use a 2:1 ratio of Royal Blue (Bin B52, 455-460nm) to Deep Red (Bin D54, 655-660nm) LEDs. They select flux bin T4 for Royal Blue (220-240mW) and S5 for Deep Red (140-150mW) to ensure sufficient radiant power. The LEDs are arranged on an aluminum-core PCB (MCPCB) with a large thermal pad connection. They are driven at 150mA by a constant current driver with an output voltage compliance covering 2.5-3.1V (Blue) and 2.1-2.7V (Red). The tight wavelength bins ensure the spectral output targets the chlorophyll absorption peaks effectively.

Example 2: Color-Tunable Linear Light
For a tunable white LED strip, a designer uses Green (G52), Amber (Y52), and Red (R51) LEDs alongside a cool white LED. To ensure color consistency along the strip's length, they specify a tight forward voltage bin (e.g., 2829 for Green, 1920 for Red) and a tight luminous flux bin (e.g., N4 for Green, N3 for Red). All LEDs are placed in a series string and driven by a single constant current driver. The matching V_F bins help ensure uniform current sharing and brightness. The color is tuned by independently dimming the different color channels via PWM control.

11. Operating Principle

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons from the n-type region recombine with holes from the p-type region in the active layer. This recombination releases energy in the form of photons (light). The specific wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material used in the active region. For example, Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) is commonly used for blue and green LEDs, while Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) is used for amber, orange, and red LEDs. The package incorporates a phosphor layer (for white LEDs) or is left unconverted (for colored LEDs like this series), a reflector cup to direct light, and a silicone lens for protection and beam shaping.

12. Technology Trends

The mid-power LED segment, represented by packages like the 3030, continues to evolve. Key trends include:

• Increased Efficacy: Ongoing improvements in internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency lead to higher lumens or radiant flux per watt, reducing energy consumption for the same light output.
• Improved Color Quality: For white LEDs, there is a focus on higher Color Rendering Index (CRI) and more precise color consistency (smaller MacAdam ellipses). For color LEDs, tighter wavelength bins and improved saturation are trends.
• Specialized Spectra: Driven by human-centric lighting and horticulture, there is growing demand for LEDs with specific spectral power distributions beyond standard white, such as the far red and deep red in this series.
• Enhanced Reliability and Lifetime: Improvements in materials (e.g., more robust phosphors, stable silicones) and packaging techniques are pushing rated lifetimes (L70/B50) beyond 50,000 hours.
• Integration and Miniaturization: While the 3030 form factor remains popular, there is a parallel trend towards chip-scale packages (CSP) and integrated modules that combine multiple LEDs and sometimes drivers into a single package for simplified design.