Top View LED P-LCC-2 Package Technical Datasheet - Brilliant Red - 20mA - 120mW - English

1. Product Overview

This document details the specifications for a surface-mount top-view LED utilizing a P-LCC-2 package. The device is designed with a white package body and a colorless clear window, offering a wide viewing angle ideal for indicator applications. It is engineered for compatibility with modern assembly processes including vapor-phase reflow, infrared reflow, and wave soldering, and is suitable for use with automatic placement equipment. The product is supplied on 8mm tape and reel and is compliant with Pb-free and RoHS requirements.

The primary application focus for this LED series is as an optical indicator. Its wide viewing angle and optimized light coupling, achieved through an internal reflector design, make it particularly well-suited for use with light pipes. The low forward current requirement also positions it as an excellent choice for battery-powered or power-sensitive portable electronic devices.

2. Technical Parameters

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The device must not be operated beyond these limits, as permanent damage may occur.

• Reverse Voltage (V_R): 5 V
• Continuous Forward Current (I_F): 50 mA
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP): 100 mA (Duty Cycle 1/10, 1 kHz)
• Power Dissipation (P_d): 120 mW
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) HBM: 2000 V
• Operating Temperature (T_opr): -40°C to +85°C
• Storage Temperature (T_stg): -40°C to +90°C
• Soldering Temperature (T_sol): Reflow: 260°C for 10 sec; Hand: 350°C for 3 sec.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics (T_a = 25°C)

Typical performance parameters measured under standard test conditions.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): 360 - 900 mcd (I_F = 20mA)
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2): 120° (I_F = 20mA)
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): 632 nm (I_F = 20mA)
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): 621 - 631 nm (I_F = 20mA)
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): 20 nm (I_F = 20mA)
• Forward Voltage (V_F): 1.75 - 2.35 V (I_F = 20mA)
• Reverse Current (I_R): 10 μA Max (V_R = 5V)

Notes: Tolerances are specified as ±11% for Luminous Intensity, ±1nm for Dominant Wavelength, and ±0.1V for Forward Voltage.

3. Binning System

To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, devices are sorted into bins based on key parameters.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Bins are defined by a code (e.g., T2, U1) with minimum and maximum luminous intensity values at I_F=20mA.

• T2: 360 - 450 mcd
• U1: 450 - 565 mcd
• U2: 565 - 715 mcd
• V1: 715 - 900 mcd

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Wavelength is grouped to control the perceived color (hue) of the red light.

• Group F, Code FF1: 621 - 626 nm
• Group F, Code FF2: 626 - 631 nm

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is binned to aid in circuit design for current regulation.

• Group B, Code 0: 1.75 - 1.95 V
• Group B, Code 1: 1.95 - 2.15 V
• Group B, Code 2: 2.15 - 2.35 V

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Graphical data provides insight into device behavior under varying conditions.

4.1 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

The curve shows how light output increases with forward current. It is typically non-linear, with efficiency potentially dropping at very high currents. Designers should select an operating point that balances brightness with power consumption and device longevity.

4.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

This curve demonstrates the thermal derating of light output. Luminous intensity generally decreases as the ambient temperature rises. For applications with high ambient temperatures, this derating must be accounted for to ensure sufficient brightness.

4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

The I-V curve is characteristic of a diode. The forward voltage exhibits a positive temperature coefficient, meaning it decreases slightly as temperature increases for a given current.

4.4 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral plot confirms the monochromatic nature of the light, centered around the peak wavelength of 632 nm, which is in the brilliant red region of the visible spectrum. The narrow bandwidth indicates good color purity.

4.5 Radiation Pattern

The polar diagram illustrates the wide 120° viewing angle, showing nearly Lambertian emission. This confirms the device's suitability for applications requiring broad visibility.

4.6 Forward Current Derating Curve

This graph defines the maximum allowable continuous forward current as a function of ambient temperature. To prevent overheating, the current must be reduced when operating above a certain temperature (typically starting around 60-70°C).

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The P-LCC-2 package has specific mechanical outlines and pad layouts. Critical dimensions include the overall length, width, and height, as well as the cathode identification mark location. All unspecified tolerances are ±0.1 mm. Designers must refer to the detailed dimensioned drawing for PCB footprint creation.

5.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is typically identified by a visual marker on the package, such as a notch, dot, or cut corner. Correct orientation is crucial for circuit operation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

The device is rated for a peak reflow temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds. Standard IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 profiles for Pb-free assembly are applicable. Precise control of time above liquidus is necessary to prevent thermal damage to the epoxy package.

6.2 Hand Soldering

If hand soldering is necessary, the iron tip temperature should not exceed 350°C, and contact time per lead should be limited to 3 seconds or less.

6.3 Moisture Sensitivity and Storage

The product is shipped in moisture-resistant packaging (aluminum bag with desiccant). Once the sealed bag is opened, the components should be used within a specified time frame (not explicitly stated, but standard practice is 168 hours for Level 3 at ≤30°C/60%RH) or baked according to standard procedures before reflow to prevent "popcorning."

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

The device is supplied on 8mm carrier tape. Standard reel quantities are 2000 pieces. Other minimum packing amounts include 250, 500, and 1000 pieces per reel. Detailed carrier tape and reel dimensions are provided for automated handling equipment setup.

7.2 Label Explanation

The reel label contains several codes:

• CAT: Corresponds to the Luminous Intensity bin code (e.g., V1).
• HUE: Corresponds to the Dominant Wavelength bin code (e.g., FF1).
• REF: Corresponds to the Forward Voltage bin code (e.g., 1).

These codes allow traceability and selection of specific performance grades.

8. Application Suggestions

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• Telecommunication Equipment: Status indicators and backlighting for keys or displays in telephones, fax machines, and routers.
• Consumer Electronics: Power, mute, or connectivity indicators in audio/video equipment, computers, and peripherals.
• Industrial Controls: Panel indicators for machinery status, fault alerts, or operational modes.
• Light Pipe Applications: The wide viewing angle and optimized coupling make it ideal for use with molded light guides to transfer light from the PCB to a front panel or display.
• General Purpose Indication: Any application requiring a bright, reliable, low-power visual indicator.

8.2 Design Considerations

• Current Limiting: Always use a series resistor or constant current driver to limit the forward current to a safe value, typically 20mA for standard brightness, not exceeding the absolute maximum of 50mA.
• Thermal Management: In high ambient temperature environments or when driving at higher currents, ensure adequate PCB copper or other heatsinking to keep the junction temperature within limits, referencing the derating curve.
• ESD Protection: While rated for 2000V HBM, standard ESD handling precautions should be observed during assembly and handling.
• Optical Design: For light pipe applications, consider the LED's radiation pattern and the entry point design of the light pipe to maximize coupling efficiency.

9. Reliability and Quality Assurance

The product undergoes a comprehensive suite of reliability tests conducted with a 90% confidence level and an LTPD of 10%. Test items and conditions include:

• Reflow Soldering Resistance: 260°C ±5°C for minimum 10 seconds.
• Temperature Cycling: 300 cycles between -40°C and +100°C.
• Thermal Shock: 300 cycles between -10°C and +100°C.
• High & Low Temperature Storage: 1000 hours at +100°C and -40°C respectively.
• DC Operating Life: 1000 hours at 20mA, 25°C.
• High Temperature/High Humidity (85/85): 1000 hours at 85°C and 85% relative humidity.

These tests validate the device's robustness under typical environmental and operational stresses encountered in electronic products.

10. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

This P-LCC-2 LED differentiates itself in several key areas relevant to indicator applications. Compared to simpler chip LEDs, the molded P-LCC package offers superior mechanical protection, easier handling for pick-and-place machines, and a more consistent optical interface. The wide 120-degree viewing angle is a significant advantage over narrower-angle LEDs when off-axis visibility is required. The use of AlGaInP semiconductor material for the red chip provides higher luminous efficiency and better temperature stability compared to older technologies like GaAsP, resulting in brighter and more consistent red light output. The comprehensive binning system for intensity, wavelength, and voltage allows for tighter color and brightness matching in end products, which is critical for multi-indicator panels or aesthetic applications.

11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

11.1 What is the recommended operating current?

The standard test condition and typical application current is 20mA. This provides a good balance of brightness and efficiency. The device can be operated up to its absolute maximum of 50mA, but this will generate more heat and reduce long-term reliability unless proper thermal management is implemented.

11.2 How do I interpret the binning codes on the label?

The CAT code (e.g., V1) indicates the luminous intensity range. The HUE code (e.g., FF1) indicates the dominant wavelength range, controlling the exact shade of red. The REF code (e.g., 1) indicates the forward voltage range. For consistent performance across multiple units in an assembly, specify or request components from the same bin codes.

11.3 Can I use this LED without a current-limiting resistor?

No. LEDs are current-driven devices. Connecting one directly to a voltage source will cause excessive current to flow, potentially destroying the LED instantly. A series resistor or active constant-current circuit is mandatory.

11.4 Is this LED suitable for outdoor use?

The operating temperature range extends to -40°C to +85°C, which covers many outdoor conditions. However, prolonged direct exposure to UV sunlight and weather (rain, humidity) is not specified. For outdoor use, the LED should be placed behind a protective lens or cover, and the entire assembly should be appropriately sealed and rated for environmental exposure.

12. Practical Design Case Study

Scenario: Designing a status indicator panel for a network switch with 24 ports, each requiring a red link/activity LED. The LEDs must be visible from a wide angle, consistent in color and brightness, and the design must be power-efficient.

Implementation:

1. Component Selection: This P-LCC-2 brilliant red LED is chosen for its wide 120° viewing angle, low 20mA drive current, and availability in tight performance bins.
2. Circuit Design: Each LED is driven by a GPIO pin from a microcontroller via a 100Ω series resistor (calculated for a 3.3V supply and a typical V_F of 2.0V, resulting in ~13mA). This is below the 20mA test point but provides ample brightness while saving power.
3. PCB Layout: LEDs are placed in a grid. The recommended PCB footprint from the datasheet is used. A small keep-out area under the LED is maintained to prevent solder wicking.
4. Optical Design: A custom-molded light pipe array is designed to channel light from each SMD LED on the PCB to individual clear windows on the front bezel. The wide viewing angle of the LED ensures efficient coupling into the light pipe.
5. Binning: To ensure uniform appearance, LEDs from a single luminous intensity bin (e.g., U2) and a single dominant wavelength bin (e.g., FF1) are specified in the purchase order.
6. Thermal Consideration: With 24 LEDs potentially on simultaneously, total power is low (~0.75W). No special thermal management is needed on the PCB.

This case highlights how the LED's specifications directly inform and enable a successful, manufacturable design.

13. Operating Principle

This LED is a semiconductor photonic device. Its core is a chip fabricated from Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) epitaxial layers grown on a substrate. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's turn-on threshold (approximately 1.8V) is applied, electrons and holes are injected across the p-n junction. These charge carriers recombine within the active region of the semiconductor, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly dictates the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, brilliant red around 632 nm. The generated light is then extracted through the chip surface, shaped and directed by the internal reflector and the clear epoxy lens of the P-LCC package to achieve the desired wide viewing angle.

14. Technology Trends

The indicator LED market continues to evolve. General trends include the pursuit of even higher luminous efficacy (more light output per watt of electrical input), enabling brighter indicators at lower currents for improved energy efficiency in portable and IoT devices. There is also a drive towards miniaturization, with packages smaller than P-LCC-2 becoming common for space-constrained applications. Enhanced reliability under higher temperature reflow profiles is another focus area, aligning with advanced PCB assembly processes. Furthermore, the integration of control electronics, such as constant-current drivers or even simple logic, directly into the LED package ("smart LEDs") is a growing trend, simplifying circuit design for the end user. While this particular device represents a mature and reliable technology, these ongoing developments in materials, packaging, and integration shape the future landscape of indicator components.