Top View LED 45-11 Series Technical Data Sheet - Package 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Voltage 2.7-3.5V - Blue Color - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 45-11 series represents a family of Top View LEDs designed for indicator and backlighting applications. These components are housed in a compact P-LCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) package, featuring a colorless clear window that provides a wide, uniform light output. The primary design advantage of this series is its optimized light coupling achieved through an integrated inter-reflector within the package. This feature, combined with a wide viewing angle, makes these LEDs particularly suitable for use with light pipes, where efficient light transmission from the source to the display point is critical.

The series is available in multiple colors including soft orange, green, blue, and yellow, with this specific datasheet detailing the blue variant. A key characteristic of these devices is their low current requirement, making them ideal for power-sensitive applications such as portable consumer electronics, handheld devices, and any system where minimizing power consumption is a priority. The package itself is white, which aids in light reflection and overall brightness.

1.1 Core Features and Compliance

The device incorporates several important features for modern electronic assembly and reliability:

• Package: P-LCC-2 with a white body and colorless clear window.
• Viewing Angle: A wide 120-degree half-intensity angle (2θ1/2) ensures visibility from a broad range of positions.
• Manufacturing Compatibility: The component is fully compatible with vapor-phase reflow, infrared reflow, and wave soldering processes. It is also designed for use with automatic pick-and-place equipment, supplied on 8mm tape and reel for efficient assembly.
• Environmental and Regulatory Compliance: The product is Pb-free (lead-free), complies with the EU REACH regulation, and meets halogen-free requirements (Bromine <900 ppm, Chlorine <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). It is also qualified according to the AEC-Q101 standard for automotive-grade components.
• ESD Protection: Built-in Electrostatic Discharge protection up to 2000V (Human Body Model) enhances handling robustness.

1.2 Target Applications

The combination of features positions the 45-11 series for a diverse range of applications:

• Telecommunications: Status indicators and keyboard backlighting in telephones and fax machines.
• Display Backlighting: Flat backlighting for LCD panels, switches, and symbols.
• Light Pipe Systems: The optimized light coupling and wide angle make it an excellent source for light guide applications.
• General Purpose Indication: Any application requiring a reliable, bright indicator.
• Automotive Interior Lighting: Specifically mentioned for applications like dashboard backlighting, leveraging its AEC-Q101 qualification.

2. Technical Parameters: In-Depth Objective Interpretation

This section provides a detailed, objective analysis of the key electrical, optical, and thermal parameters specified for the blue 45-11 LED.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation under or at these limits is not guaranteed and should be avoided in circuit design.

• Reverse Voltage (V_R): 5V. Exceeding this voltage in reverse bias can cause junction breakdown.
• Continuous Forward Current (I_F): 30 mA. The maximum DC current that can be applied continuously.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP): 100 mA. This is permissible only under pulsed conditions with a duty cycle of 1/10 at 1 kHz. It is useful for multiplexing or brief high-brightness pulses.
• Power Dissipation (P_d): 120 mW. The maximum power the package can dissipate as heat, calculated as Forward Voltage (V_F) × Forward Current (I_F).
• Operating Temperature (T_opr): -40°C to +85°C. The ambient temperature range over which the device is specified to operate.
• Storage Temperature (T_stg): -40°C to +90°C.
• Soldering Temperature: Specifies thermal profiles for assembly: 260°C for 10 seconds during reflow, or 350°C for 3 seconds for hand soldering.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured at a standard test condition of an ambient temperature (T_a) of 25°C and a forward current (I_F) of 20 mA, unless otherwise stated. Tolerances are explicitly defined.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): Ranges from a minimum of 225 mcd to a maximum of 565 mcd, with a typical value implied by the binning system. Tolerance is ±11%.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2): 120 degrees (typical). This is the full angle where luminous intensity drops to half of its peak axial value.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): 468 nm (typical). The wavelength at which the spectral power distribution is maximum.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): 464 nm to 472 nm. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye, defining the color. Tolerance is ±1 nm.
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): 25 nm (typical). The width of the emission spectrum at half its maximum intensity (FWHM).
• Forward Voltage (V_F): 2.70 V to 3.50 V at I_F=20mA. Tolerance is ±0.05V. This range is critical for designing current-limiting circuitry.

3. Binning System Explanation

To ensure consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into performance bins. The 45-11 series uses a three-dimensional binning system for luminous intensity, dominant wavelength, and forward voltage.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

LEDs are categorized into four bins (S2, T1, T2, U1) based on their measured luminous intensity at 20 mA.

• Bin S2: 225 mcd (Min) to 285 mcd (Max)
• Bin T1: 285 mcd to 360 mcd
• Bin T2: 360 mcd to 450 mcd
• Bin U1: 450 mcd to 565 mcd

The specific device code \"45-11/B7C-FS2U1B14/2T-AFM\" indicates it falls within the U1 bin for luminous intensity.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

The blue LEDs are grouped (Group F) and further divided into four bins (AA1 to AA4) for precise color control.

• Bin AA1: 464 nm to 466 nm
• Bin AA2: 466 nm to 468 nm
• Bin AA3: 468 nm to 470 nm
• Bin AA4: 470 nm to 472 nm

The code \"B7C\" likely corresponds to a specific wavelength bin within Group F.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is binned into eight categories (Bins 34 to 41) within the overall range of 2.70V to 3.50V. Each bin has a 0.1V step.

• Example Bin 34: 2.70V to 2.80V
• Example Bin 35: 2.80V to 2.90V
• ... up to Bin 41: 3.40V to 3.50V

The code \"B14\" in the part number specifies the forward voltage bin.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet includes several typical characteristic curves which are essential for understanding device behavior under non-standard conditions.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This curve shows the exponential relationship between current and voltage. For a typical blue InGaN LED, the turn-on voltage is around 2.7V-2.8V, after which the current increases rapidly with a small increase in voltage. This highlights the critical need for a current-limiting device (like a resistor or constant-current driver) in series with the LED to prevent thermal runaway from overcurrent.

4.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

This graph demonstrates that light output is approximately proportional to forward current in the typical operating range (e.g., up to 30-40 mA). However, efficiency (lumens per watt) may peak at a current lower than the absolute maximum rating. Operating above the recommended current reduces efficiency and accelerates lumen depreciation and device aging.

4.3 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

LED light output is temperature-dependent. As the junction temperature increases, luminous intensity typically decreases. This curve quantifies that derating. For the 45-11, output remains relatively stable at lower temperatures but shows a noticeable decline as the ambient temperature approaches the upper limit of 85°C. This must be factored into designs for high-temperature environments like automotive interiors.

4.4 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral plot shows a single, dominant peak centered around 468 nm, characteristic of InGaN-based blue LEDs. The 25 nm FWHM indicates a relatively pure blue color. There is minimal emission in other parts of the visible spectrum.

4.5 Radiation Pattern

A polar diagram illustrates the spatial distribution of light. The wide 120° viewing angle is confirmed, showing a near-Lambertian or batwing pattern common for top-view LEDs with a molded lens, providing good off-axis visibility.

4.6 Forward Current Derating Curve

This curve defines the maximum allowable continuous forward current as a function of ambient temperature. As temperature rises, the maximum safe current decreases to stay within the device's power dissipation limits and prevent overheating. At 85°C, the maximum allowable I_F is significantly lower than the 30 mA rating at 25°C.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Outline Dimensions

The P-LCC-2 package has the following key dimensions (all in mm, tolerance ±0.1mm unless noted):

• Overall Length: 3.2 mm
• Overall Width: 2.8 mm
• Overall Height: 1.9 mm
• Lead Pitch: 2.54 mm (standard 0.1-inch pitch)
• Lead Length: 0.5 mm (minimum)
• Cathode Identifier: The package features a green cathode mark and a notch on the body to indicate polarity.

These dimensions are crucial for PCB footprint design, ensuring proper placement, soldering, and clearance.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Correct polarity is essential. The cathode (negative terminal) is identified by:

1. A green marking on the package body adjacent to the cathode lead.
2. A notch or cutout on the side of the package body near the cathode.

The anode lead is typically longer in the tape-and-reel packaging, but the on-package markings are the primary reference during assembly and inspection.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Soldering Process Parameters

The device is rated for common soldering processes:

• Reflow Soldering (Pb-free): A peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds is specified. The recommended temperature profile should include preheating to activate flux and minimize thermal shock.
• Hand Soldering: A maximum iron tip temperature of 350°C applied for no more than 3 seconds per lead.
• Critical Restriction: Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times on the same device to avoid excessive thermal stress on the package and wire bonds.

6.2 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity

The LEDs are packaged in a moisture-resistant barrier bag with desiccant to prevent absorption of atmospheric moisture, which can cause \"popcorning\" (package cracking) during reflow.

• Before Opening: Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% Relative Humidity (RH). Use within one year.
• After Opening: Complete soldering within 72 hours (3 days) under conditions of ≤30°C and ≤60% RH.
• Rebagging: If not used within 3 days, unused parts must be re-sealed in the original or equivalent moisture-proof bag with fresh desiccant.
• Baking: If the storage time is exceeded or the desiccant indicator shows saturation, a one-time bake at 60°C ±5°C for 24 hours is required to remove moisture before soldering.

6.3 Critical Usage Precautions

• Over-Current Protection: An external current-limiting resistor or constant-current driver is mandatory. The LED's exponential I-V characteristic means a small voltage increase causes a large current surge, leading to immediate failure.
• Mechanical Stress: Avoid applying mechanical stress (bending, pushing) on the LED body or leads during or after soldering.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

The product is supplied for automated assembly:

• Carrier Tape Width: 8 mm.
• Pocket Pitch: 4.0 mm.
• Reel Dimensions: Standard 13-inch reel with specific hub, flange, and overall dimensions provided in the datasheet drawings.
• Quantity per Reel: 2000 pieces.

7.2 Label Explanation

The reel label contains several codes:

• P/N: Full Part Number (e.g., 45-11/B7C-FS2U1B14/2T-AFM).
• LOT No.: Traceable manufacturing lot number.
• QTY: Quantity on the reel.
• CAT: Luminous Intensity Rank (e.g., U1).
• HUE: Dominant Wavelength Rank.
• REF: Forward Voltage Rank.

8. Application Suggestions and Design Considerations

8.1 Typical Application Circuits

The most basic drive circuit is a voltage source (V_CC) in series with a current-limiting resistor (R_S) and the LED. The resistor value is calculated as: R_S = (V_CC - V_F) / I_F. For example, with a 5V supply, a V_F of 3.0V (typical), and a desired I_F of 20 mA: R_S = (5 - 3.0) / 0.02 = 100 Ω. The resistor power rating should be I_F² × R_S = 0.04 W, so a standard 1/8W (0.125W) or 1/10W resistor is sufficient.

For applications requiring stable brightness or operation over a wide voltage range, a constant-current driver IC is recommended.

8.2 Design for Light Pipe Applications

When coupling to a light pipe:

• Alignment: Precisely align the LED's optical center with the entrance face of the light pipe.
• Gap: Maintain a small, controlled air gap (or use optical adhesive) between the LED dome and the light pipe to maximize light coupling efficiency.
• Binning: For multi-LED arrays (e.g., for backlighting a panel), use LEDs from the same luminous intensity and wavelength bins to ensure uniform brightness and color across the display.

8.3 Thermal Management Considerations

While the package is small, effective heat sinking improves longevity and maintains brightness:

• PCB Layout: Use thermally conductive PCB vias under the LED's thermal pad (if applicable) or connected to its leads to conduct heat into the ground/power plane.
• Ambient Temperature: Adhere to the current derating curve. In high-temperature environments (e.g., inside a car on a hot day), reduce the drive current or ensure adequate ventilation.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Objectively, the 45-11 series offers several points of differentiation compared to generic LEDs:

• Wide Viewing Angle vs. Narrow Angle LEDs: The 120° angle is superior for applications requiring broad visibility (dashboards, status lights) compared to narrow-angle LEDs used for focused beams.
• P-LCC-2 Package vs. Through-Hole: The surface-mount package enables smaller, lighter, and more automatable designs compared to traditional through-hole LEDs like T-1 3/4.
• Automotive Qualification (AEC-Q101): This formal qualification for reliability under automotive stress conditions (thermal cycling, humidity, etc.) sets it apart from commercial-grade LEDs, making it suitable for automotive interior applications.
• Integrated Reflector: The molded inter-reflector within the package enhances light extraction and coupling efficiency, a feature not present in all basic SMD LED packages.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q1: Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V microcontroller pin?
A: It is not recommended. The forward voltage (2.7V-3.5V) is very close to or exceeds the 3.3V supply. Even if it lights, the current would be uncontrolled and highly sensitive to V_F variation, likely leading to inconsistent brightness or damage. Always use a series resistor or driver.

Q2: What is the difference between Peak Wavelength and Dominant Wavelength?
A: Peak Wavelength (λ_p) is the physical peak of the emission spectrum (468 nm). Dominant Wavelength (λ_d) is the psychophysical single wavelength that matches the perceived color (464-472 nm). For monochromatic LEDs like this blue one, they are very close. λ_d is more relevant for color specification.

Q3: Why is the storage and baking procedure so specific?
A: The plastic package absorbs moisture. During the high heat of reflow soldering, this moisture can vaporize rapidly, creating internal pressure that can delaminate the package or crack the die (\"popcorning\"). The procedures control moisture exposure to prevent this failure mode.

Q4: How do I interpret the part number 45-11/B7C-FS2U1B14/2T-AFM?
A: It is a coded identifier. \"45-11\" is the series. \"B7C\" likely indicates the color/wavelength bin (Blue, specific sub-bin). \"FS2U1\" indicates luminous intensity bins (likely covering a range). \"B14\" is the forward voltage bin. \"2T\" and \"AFM\" may refer to tape type and other factory-specific codes.

11. Practical Use Case Example

Scenario: Designing a dashboard indicator for an automotive accessory.

1. Selection: The 45-11 blue LED is chosen for its AEC-Q101 qualification, wide viewing angle (good for driver visibility), and suitability for potential light pipe integration behind an icon.
2. Circuit Design: The vehicle's nominal 12V system is used. A series resistor is calculated. Assuming a worst-case V_F of 3.5V and a target I_F of 20 mA: R_S = (12 - 3.5) / 0.02 = 425 Ω. The nearest standard 5% value is 430 Ω. Power dissipation: (0.02)² * 430 = 0.172W, so a 1/4W resistor is selected.
3. Thermal Analysis: The dashboard environment can reach 85°C. Consulting the derating curve, the maximum continuous current at 85°C is derated. The chosen 20 mA must be verified as safe at this temperature. If not, the current may need to be reduced to 15 mA.
4. PCB Layout: The footprint matches the 3.2x2.8mm package with 2.54mm pad pitch. A small keep-out area is placed around the LED for the light pipe housing. Thermal vias are added under the cathode pad connected to a ground plane for heat spreading.
5. Assembly: LEDs are ordered on 8mm tape and reel for automated assembly. The reflow profile is set to not exceed 260°C peak temperature. The factory floor follows the 72-hour exposure limit after opening moisture barrier bags.

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