334-15/FNC1-4YZA White LED Lamp Datasheet - T-1 3/4 Package - 2.8-3.6V - 20mA - 22500-36000mcd - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

This document details the specifications for a high-luminosity white LED lamp. The device is housed in a popular T-1 3/4 round package, designed to deliver high luminous power for a variety of indicator and illumination applications. The white light is achieved through a phosphor conversion process applied to an InGaN blue chip, resulting in typical chromaticity coordinates as defined by the CIE 1931 standard.

1.1 Core Advantages

The primary advantages of this LED series include its high luminous intensity, making it suitable for applications requiring bright, visible light. The device features an ESD withstand voltage of up to 4KV, enhancing its robustness in handling. It is compliant with relevant environmental regulations and is available in bulk or taped reel packaging for automated assembly.

1.2 Target Market and Applications

This LED is targeted at applications demanding reliable and bright optical indicators. Typical use cases include message panels, status indicators, backlighting for small displays, and marker lights where high visibility is paramount.

2. Technical Parameter Deep Dive

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The device must not be operated beyond these limits to prevent permanent damage. Key ratings include a continuous forward current (IF) of 30 mA, a peak forward current (IFP) of 100 mA under pulsed conditions (1/10 duty cycle @ 1kHz), and a maximum reverse voltage (VR) of 5V. The power dissipation (Pd) is rated at 110 mW. The operating temperature range (Topr) is from -40°C to +85°C, with storage (Tstg) from -40°C to +100°C. The maximum soldering temperature is 260°C for 5 seconds.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured at a standard test condition of 25°C ambient temperature and a forward current of 20mA. The forward voltage (VF) typically ranges from 2.8V to 3.6V. The luminous intensity (IV) has a typical range from 22,500 mcd to 36,000 mcd. The viewing angle (2θ1/2) is approximately 15 degrees, indicating a relatively focused beam. The typical chromaticity coordinates are x=0.30, y=0.29. A Zener diode is integrated with a reverse voltage (Vz) of 5.2V at 5mA, and the reverse current (IR) is a maximum of 50 µA at 5V.

3. Binning System Explanation

The product is classified into bins to ensure consistency in key parameters.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Luminous intensity is divided into two primary bins: Bin 'Y' (22,500 - 28,500 mcd) and Bin 'Z' (28,500 - 36,000 mcd), both measured at IF=20mA. A general tolerance of ±10% applies.

3.2 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is categorized into four bins: 0 (2.8-3.0V), 1 (3.0-3.2V), 2 (3.2-3.4V), and 3 (3.4-3.6V). The measurement uncertainty is ±0.1V.

3.3 Color Combination

The color is defined by a combination group. For this product, the group is specified as '4', which corresponds to the chromaticity bins A0, B5, and B6 as plotted on the CIE diagram.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that illustrate device behavior under varying conditions.

4.1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength

This curve shows the spectral power distribution of the white light output, which is broad due to the phosphor conversion, peaking in the blue region from the chip and emitting across the visible spectrum.

4.2 Directivity Pattern

The polar plot illustrates the spatial distribution of light intensity, confirming the 15-degree viewing angle with a typical Lambertian or near-Lambertian emission profile.

4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (IV Curve)

This graph shows the exponential relationship between current and voltage, crucial for designing appropriate current-limiting circuitry. The curve helps determine the dynamic resistance of the LED.

4.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve demonstrates how light output increases with drive current. It is generally linear within the recommended operating range but may saturate or degrade at higher currents.

4.5 Chromaticity Coordinate vs. Forward Current

This plot indicates how the color point (x, y coordinates) may shift with changes in drive current, which is important for color-critical applications.

4.6 Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature

This derating curve shows the maximum allowable forward current as a function of the ambient temperature, essential for thermal management and ensuring long-term reliability.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The LED uses a standard T-1 3/4 (5mm) round package. The dimensional drawing specifies the diameter, height, lead spacing, and other critical mechanical features. All dimensions are in millimeters with a standard tolerance of ±0.25mm unless otherwise noted. The lead spacing is measured at the point where the leads exit the package body. The maximum protrusion of resin under the flange is 1.5mm.

5.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is typically identified by a flat spot on the rim of the LED lens or by the shorter lead. The datasheet diagram should be consulted for the exact polarity marking.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Lead Forming

Leads should be bent at a point at least 3mm from the base of the epoxy bulb. Forming must be done before soldering. Stress on the package during bending must be avoided to prevent internal damage or breakage. Leadframes should be cut at room temperature.

6.2 Storage Conditions

LEDs should be stored at 30°C or less and 70% relative humidity or less. The recommended storage life is 3 months from shipment. For longer storage (up to one year), use a sealed container with a nitrogen atmosphere and desiccant.

6.3 Soldering Recommendations

A minimum distance of 3mm must be maintained between the solder joint and the epoxy bulb. Recommended conditions are:

• Hand Soldering: Iron tip temperature max 300°C (30W max), soldering time max 3 seconds.
• Wave/Dip Soldering: Pre-heat temperature max 100°C (60 sec max), solder bath temperature max 260°C for 5 seconds max.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Packing Specification

The LEDs are packed in anti-static bags. Each bag contains a minimum of 200 to a maximum of 500 pieces. Five bags are packed into one inner carton. Ten inner cartons are packed into one master (outside) carton.

7.2 Label Explanation

Packaging labels include: CPN (Customer's Part Number), P/N (Part Number), QTY (Quantity), CAT (Luminous Intensity and Forward Voltage Rank), HUE (Color Rank), REF (Reference), and LOT No. (Lot Number).

7.3 Model Number Designation

The part number 334-15/FNC1-4YZA follows a specific coding system where segments likely indicate the series, package type, color group (4), luminous intensity bin (Y/Z), and forward voltage bin (0-3).

8. Application Suggestions

8.1 Typical Application Circuits

For reliable operation, a series current-limiting resistor is mandatory. The resistor value (R) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, where VF is the forward voltage of the LED at the desired current IF. For constant brightness, a constant current driver is recommended, especially when the supply voltage varies or for driving multiple LEDs in series.

8.2 Design Considerations

Thermal Management: Although power dissipation is low, ensuring adequate ventilation or heat sinking is important for maintaining luminous output and longevity, especially in high ambient temperatures or when driven near maximum ratings.
ESD Protection: While the device has built-in ESD protection (4KV HBM), standard ESD handling precautions should still be observed during assembly.
Optical Design: The 15-degree viewing angle makes this LED suitable for applications requiring a directed beam. For wider illumination, secondary optics like lenses or diffusers may be required.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to standard 5mm LEDs, this device offers significantly higher luminous intensity (up to 36,000 mcd), making it suitable for applications where superior brightness is needed. The integrated Zener diode for reverse voltage protection is a feature that adds robustness in circuits where reverse voltage spikes might occur. The precise binning for intensity, voltage, and color allows for better consistency in mass-produced products where uniform appearance and performance are critical.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the typical operating current for this LED?
A: The standard test condition and typical operating point is 20mA. It can be operated up to the continuous maximum of 30mA, but lifetime and color stability should be verified at higher currents.

Q: How do I interpret the color bins A0, B5, B6?
A: These are specific regions on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram defining the allowable color variation. Group '4' means the LED's color will fall within the combined area of these three bins, which correspond to different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) as shown on the diagram (e.g., ~5600K, ~7000K, ~9000K).

Q: Can I drive this LED with a 5V supply without a resistor?
A: No. Without a current-limiting mechanism, the LED would attempt to draw excessive current, quickly exceeding its maximum ratings and leading to catastrophic failure. Always use a series resistor or constant current driver.

11. Practical Use Case Example

Scenario: Designing a High-Visibility Status Indicator Panel. A control panel requires a set of bright white status indicators visible under high ambient light. Using this LED in Bin Z (high intensity) ensures visibility. A circuit is designed with a 12V supply. For each LED, assuming a VF of 3.2V (Bin 1) and a desired IF of 20mA, the series resistor is calculated as (12V - 3.2V) / 0.02A = 440 Ohms. A standard 470 Ohm resistor is selected, resulting in a current of approximately 18.7mA, which is within specification. The LEDs are mounted on a PCB with holes aligned to the leads to avoid stress, and hand-soldered following the time and temperature guidelines.

12. Operating Principle Introduction

This is a phosphor-converted white LED. The core is a semiconductor chip made of Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) that emits blue light when forward biased (electroluminescence). This blue light is not emitted directly. Instead, it strikes a layer of phosphor material (typically YAG:Ce) deposited inside the package. The phosphor absorbs a portion of the blue photons and re-emits light across a broader spectrum, primarily in the yellow region. The mixture of the remaining blue light and the converted yellow light is perceived by the human eye as white. The exact shade (correlated color temperature) is controlled by the composition and quantity of the phosphor.

13. Technology Trends

The development of white LEDs has been driven by advancements in InGaN chip efficiency and phosphor technology. Trends continue towards higher luminous efficacy (more lumens per watt), improved color rendering index (CRI) for better light quality, and tighter binning tolerances for color consistency. Packaging innovations also focus on improving thermal management to allow higher drive currents and power densities, as well as miniaturization. The technology remains foundational for solid-state lighting, displacing traditional incandescent and fluorescent sources in many applications due to its energy efficiency, longevity, and design flexibility.