Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Bayanin Samfur
LTP-3862JD ƙaramin kayan aiki ne na nuni na haruffa da lambobi biyu mai inganci. Babban aikinsa shine nuna lambobi da wasu haruffa a cikin na'urorin lantarki cikin bayyananne. Ana amfani da shi a cikin allunan kayan aiki, tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, na'urorin siyarwa, da kayan gwaji inda sarari ya yi ƙarami amma bayyana bayani yana da muhimmanci. An ƙera wannan na'urar don aminci da sauƙin haɗawa cikin da'irori da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
Wannan na'urar nuni tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda suka sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen ƙwararru da na masana'antu. Amfani da guntu LED na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) Hyper Red yana ba da ingantaccen haske, wanda ke haifar da haske mai kyau da bambanci ko da a cikin wurare masu haske. Sassa masu ci gaba suna haifar da siffar haruffa mai santsi da dadi ba tare da ganin gibi ba. Ƙarancin wutar lantarki fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi ko masu kula da makamashi. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da karantawa daga wurare daban-daban, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga kayan aikin da aka ɗora akan allon. An rarraba na'urar don ƙarfin haske, wanda ke ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar rukunoni don daidaitaccen haske a cikin na'urori da yawa a cikin layin samfur. Bugu da ƙari, kunshinsa mara gubar ya bi ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS). Kasuwar da ake nufi ta ƙunshi masu ƙira da masana'anta na sarrafa masana'antu, na'urorin likitanci, allunan motoci, da kayan amfani na mabukaci waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin tsarin nuni mai aminci.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa
Takardar bayanai tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na lantarki, na gani, da na injiniya waɗanda ake buƙata don ƙera da'ira daidai da haɗawa.
2.1 Halayen Hoto da Na Gani
Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin na'urar nuni. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Kowane Bangarean ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin 320 µcd, na yau da kullun na 900 µcd, kuma ba a bayyana mafi girman ƙima ba, lokacin da aka tuƙa a cikin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 1mA. Wannan ma'auni, wanda aka auna ta amfani da tacewa da ke kusa da lanƙwan ido na CIE, yana nuna hasken da ake gani. Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Haskenna 2:1 yana bayyana mafi girman bambanci a cikin haske tsakanin sassa daban-daban a cikin na'ura ɗaya, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani. Launi an bayyana shi da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λp)na 650 nm (nanometers) da kuma Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd)na 639 nm, duka na yau da kullun a IF=20mA. Waɗannan ƙimomin suna sanya watsawa a cikin yankin hyper-red na bakan. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ)na 20 nm (na yau da kullun) yana bayyana tsaftar bakan ko kewayon tsayin raƙuman da aka watsa a kusa da kololuwa.
2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na lantarki suna da mahimmanci don ƙera da'irar tuƙi. Babban ma'auni shine Ƙarfin Gaba na Kowane Bangare (VF), wanda ke da ƙimar yau da kullun na 2.6V kuma mafi girma na 2.6V a IF=20mA. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki yana da halayen fasahar AlInGaP. Halin yanzu na Baya na Kowane Bangare (IR)shine mafi girma na 100 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna halin yanzu na ɓarna a cikin yanayin kashewa. Mafi girman ƙimar ƙima yana bayyana iyakokin aiki: Ci gaba da Halin yanzu na Gaba na Kowane Bangareshine 25 mA, tare da ƙimar ragewa na 0.33 mA/°C sama da yanayin yanayi na 25°C. Matsakaicin Halin yanzu na Gaba na Kowane Bangareshine 90 mA, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa (mitar 1 kHz, zagayowar aiki 10%), wanda ke da alaƙa da tsare-tsaren tuƙi masu yawa. Ragewar Wutar Lantarki na Kowane Bangarebai kamata ya wuce 70 mW ba.
2.3 Ƙimar Zafi da Muhalli
An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Yanayin Aikina -35°C zuwa +85°C da kuma irin wannan Kewayon Yanayin Ajiya. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, daga sanyin masana'antu zuwa rufaffun wurare masu zafi. Ragewar halin yanzu na gaba da aka ambata a sama shine la'akari da zafi kai tsaye; yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi, dole ne a rage mafi girman halin yanzu na ci gaba don hana yin zafi da gazawa da wuri.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
Takardar bayanai ta bayyana a sarari cewa na'urar An Rarraba don Ƙarfin Hasken. Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarrabawa bayan samarwa, wanda aka sani da rarrabawa. Yayin samarwa, ƙananan bambance-bambance suna faruwa a cikin girma da sarrafa guntu LED, wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin ma'auni masu mahimmanci kamar ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin gaba. Don tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani, masana'anta suna auna kowane na'ura kuma suna rarraba su cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka ƙayyade ko "kwantena" dangane da waɗannan ma'auni. Ga LTP-3862JD, babban ma'aunin rarrabawa shine ƙarfin haske a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji (mai yiwuwa 1mA ko 20mA). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira da ke siyan sassa daga kwantena iri ɗaya damar samun daidaitaccen haske a cikin duk lambobi a aikace-aikacensu, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga kyawun samfur da inganci. Takardar bayanai ba ta ba da takamaiman ma'anar lambobin kwantena ba, waɗanda galibi ana samun su a cikin takardar rarrabawa daban.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki
Duk da yake PDF ɗin yana nuna wuri don "Lanƙwan Halayen Lantarki / Na Gani na Yau da Kullun," irin waɗannan lanƙwan sun zama daidai ga takardun bayanan LED kuma suna ba da haske mai mahimmanci don ƙira. Dangane da bayanan tebur da aka bayar da halayen LED na yau da kullun, zamu iya fahimtar alaƙar yau da kullun masu zuwa:
Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V):Ƙarfin haske (IV) baya ƙaruwa daidai da halin yanzu. Yana tashi da ƙarfi a ƙananan halin yanzu kuma yana ƙoƙarin cika a manyan halin yanzu saboda tasirin zafi da rashin inganci. Ƙimar yau da kullun na 900 µcd a 1mA yana nuna guntu mai inganci sosai. Masu ƙira za su yi amfani da wannan lanƙwan don zaɓar halin yanzu na aiki wanda ke ba da hasken da ake so ba tare da wuce iyakokin ragewar wutar lantarki ba.
Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba & Zafin Jiki:Ƙarfin gaba (VF) yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau; yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ya ƙaru don takamaiman halin yanzu. Wannan la'akari ne mai mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi da ƙirar tuƙi mai ci gaba. Na yau da kullun VFna 2.6V a 20mA da 25°C yana aiki azaman tushe.
Dangantakar Ƙarfi vs. Tsawon Raƙuman (Rarraba Bakan):Wannan lanƙwan zai nuna kololuwa guda ɗaya, babba a tsakiya kusan 650 nm (kololuwa) da 639 nm (babba), tare da siffa da aka bayyana ta rabin faɗin 20 nm. Yana tabbatar da fitowar launin ja mai zurfi na kayan AlInGaP.
Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Fitowar hasken LED gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi (don haka haɗin) ya ƙaru. Fahimtar wannan ragewar yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a yanayin zafi don tabbatar da cewa nuni ya kasance mai haske sosai.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
An bayyana na'urar da cewa tana da "fuskar baƙi da fararen sassa," wanda ke ba da babban bambanci lokacin da sassan ba su kunna ba, yana haɓaka karantawa. Tsayin lamba daidai yake 0.3 inches (7.62 mm). PDF ɗin ya haɗa da sashe na "Girman Kunshi," yana nuna cewa cikakken zanen injiniya wani ɓangare ne na cikakken takardar bayanai. Wannan zanen zai ƙayyade tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayin kunshin, tazarar sassa da lambobi, girman jagora (fil), da kuma shafin da aka ba da shawarar don tsarin PCB (Allon Da'ira da aka Buga). Ƙididdigar fil 20 ne, an tsara su a cikin tsarin kunshi biyu-a-layin (DIP), wanda shine daidai don ɗora ta cikin rami. Daidaitaccen fassarar wannan zanen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar PCB, yana tabbatar da dacewa daidai, daidaitawa, da gyaɗa.
6. Haɗin Fil da Tsarin Da'ira
LTP-3862JD yana amfani da Tsarin Anode Gama Gari Mai Yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa anodes na LED na kowane lamba suna haɗuwa tare a ciki, yayin da cathodes na kowane bangare suna dabam. Tsarin fil kamar haka ne: Fil 4 shine Anode Gama Gari na Lamba 1, kuma Fil 10 shine Anode Gama Gari na Lamba 2. Sauran filayen (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) sune cathodes na takamaiman sassa (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, da DP don maki goma). Fil 14 an yi masa alama "Babu Haɗi." An inganta wannan tsari don yawan aiki. Don haskaka takamaiman bangare akan takamaiman lamba, ana tuƙa filin anode gama gari na lambar da ta dace zuwa sama (an haɗa shi da ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko transistor), kuma ana tuƙa filin cathode na bangaren da ya dace zuwa ƙasa (an zuba shi ƙasa). Ta hanyar saurin zagayowar anode na lamba yake aiki da saita ƙirar cathode masu dacewa, ana iya sa lambobi biyu su bayyana suna ci gaba da haskakawa ga idon mutum.
7. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Taro
Sashen Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimayana ba da yanayin gyaɗa mai mahimmanci: "1/16 inch ƙasa da filin zama na dakika 3 a 260°C." Wannan umarni ne don gyaɗar igiyar ruwa ko gyaɗar hannu na filayen rami. "Filin zama" shine ƙasan fuskar filastik na nuni inda ya hadu da PCB. Umarnin yana nufin cewa igiyar gyaɗa ko ƙarshen ƙarfe ya kamata ya taɓa jagororin ba fiye da 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) sama da saman PCB ba, kuma bayyanar da gyaɗa na 260°C bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Wuce wannan lokaci ko zafin jiki na iya lalata haɗin waya na ciki ko kunshin filastik. Don sake gyaɗa (idan akwai bambance-bambancen ɗora saman), za a ba da takamaiman bayanin sake gyaɗa tare da haɓakawa, jiƙa, zafin jiki, da ƙimar sanyaya. Kula daidai don guje wa fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD) shima ana nufin shi, ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari ba, saboda LED gabaɗaya suna da hankali ga ESD.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira
Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun:Babban aikace-aikacen yana cikin nunin da aka yi yawa. Microcontroller tare da isassun filayen I/O (ko ta amfani da rijistar motsi ko takamaiman IC masu tuƙi kamar MAX7219) zai sarrafa anodes da cathodes. Kowane anode gama gari yana buƙatar tuƙi mai samar da halin yanzu (misali, transistor na PNP ko takamaiman tuƙi na gefen sama), kuma kowane cathode na bangare yana buƙatar tuƙi mai zubar da halin yanzu (misali, transistor na NPN ko tuƙi na gefen ƙasa IC). Resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu wajibi ne ga kowane hanyar cathode na bangare don saita halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (misali, 10-20 mA). Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF.
La'akari da Ƙira: 1. Mitar Yawan Aiki:Dole ne ya yi girma sosai don guje wa kallon flicker, yawanci sama da 60-100 Hz. 2.Matsakaicin Halin yanzu:A cikin saitin da aka yi yawa tare da zagayowar aiki 1/2 (don lambobi biyu), halin yanzu na kowane bangare na iya ninka sau biyu don samun daidaitaccen haske kamar aikin DC. Tabbatar cewa matsakaicin halin yanzu bai wuce mafi girman 90 mA ba. 3.Kusurwar Kallo:Sanya nuni la'akari da faɗin kusurwar kallonsa don haɓaka ganuwa ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. 4.Gudanar da Zafi:A cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko a manyan halin yanzu na tuƙi, tabbatar da isasshen iska don kiyaye zafin haɗin a cikin iyakoki masu aminci. 5.Haɓaka Bambanci:Fuskar baƙi tana taimakawa, amma don karantawar hasken rana, tacewa mai bambanci ko bezel mai duhu na iya zama dole.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun LED ja na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), AlInGaP Hyper Red da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin LTP-3862JD yana ba da ingantaccen haske sosai (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace mA na halin yanzu) da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Idan aka kwatanta da nunin sassa 7 na zamani, tsarin sassa 16 yana ba da damar haruffa da lambobi na gaskiya (nuna haruffa A-Z, ko da yake wasu suna da iyakataccen karantawa), yayin da nunin sassa 7 suna da lambobi ne da farko tare da iyakataccen wakilcin haruffa. Idan aka kwatanta da nunin matrix-dot, tsarin sassa 16 yana da sauƙin tuƙi (ƙananan haɗin kai) kuma galibi yana ba da haruffa masu karantawa don aikace-aikacen lamba ɗaya ko biyu, ko da yake ba shi da sassauci don zane ko kalmomi na al'ada.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nuni tare da ci gaba da halin yanzu na DC na 20mA a kowane bangare ba tare da yawan aiki ba?
A: Ee, amma kawai don lamba ɗaya a lokaci guda. Tunda ƙirar anode gama gari ce mai yawa, yin amfani da DC don haskaka lambobi biyu lokaci ɗaya zai buƙaci haɗa filayen anode biyu (4 da 10) tare, wanda ba shine amfani da aka nufa ba kuma zai hana sarrafa lamba ɗaya. Don tuƙi na tsaye (ba mai yawa ba) na lambobi biyu, sigar cathode gama gari zai fi dacewa.
Q: Ƙarfin gaba shine 2.6V na yau da kullun. Shin zan iya gudanar da shi kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller na 3.3V?
A: Mai yiwuwa, amma da taka tsantsan. Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan filin GPIO na microcontroller a cikin yanayin fitarwa na iya yin girma sosai don samar da isasshen sararin samaniya na ƙarfin lantarki (3.3V - Vfaɗuwar_GPIOna iya zama ƙasa da 2.6V). Ana ba da shawarar koyaushe a yi amfani da transistor na tuƙi na waje ko IC don samar da isasshen ƙarfin samar da halin yanzu / zubar da halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki daidai.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?
A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λp) shine tsayin raƙuman guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda ya dace da launin da ake gani na LED idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen tushen hasken fari. Ga LED masu bakan ma'ana, galibi suna kusa. Ga wannan na'urar, 650 nm vs. 639 nm yana nuna bakan yana ɗan rashin daidaituwa.dQ: Ta yaya zan fassara "Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken na 2:1"?
A: Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin na'urar LTP-3862JD guda ɗaya, mafi haske bangare ba zai wuce sau biyu mafi haske ba fiye da mafi duhu bangare lokacin da aka auna shi ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya (I
=1mA). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin nuni.F11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Aikace-aikace
Harka: Ƙirar Karatun Zafin Jiki na Lambobi Biyu don Mai Sarrafa Oven na Masana'antu.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata sune: kewayon nuni daga -30 zuwa 99 digiri Celsius, aiki a cikin yanayi har zuwa 70°C, wutar lantarki daga layin dogo na 5V, kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar microcontroller tare da iyakacin I/O. An zaɓi LTP-3862JD saboda faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, bayyananne, da ikon yawan aiki wanda ke adana filayen I/O. Ƙirar tana amfani da transistors na PNP guda biyu don samar da halin yanzu ga anodes gama gari (fil 4 & 10) da rijistar motsi 8-bit guda ɗaya (kamar 74HC595) don zubar da halin yanzu don layukan sassa 8, tare da sauran sassan da rijistar motsi na biyu ko filayen MCU kai tsaye ke sarrafa su. An ƙididdige resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu don matsakaicin halin yanzu na bangare na 15mA. La'akari da yanayin yanayi na 70°C, an rage halin yanzu na gaba: Matsakaicin I= 25 mA - (0.33 mA/°C * (70-25)°C) = 25 - 14.85 = ~10.15 mA. Zaɓin matsakaicin 15mA a cikin yanayin yawan aiki (tare da zagayowar aiki 50% a kowane lamba) yana haifar da matsakaicin halin yanzu na 30mA, wanda yake ƙasa da ƙimar kololuwa na 90mA amma sama da iyakar ci gaba da ragewa. Koyaya, tunda zagayowar aiki shine 50%, matsakaicin wutar lantarki yana cikin iyakoki masu aminci. Ana yin yawan aiki a 200 Hz don guje wa flicker. An ƙara tacewa ja mai duhu akan nuni don haɓaka bambanci a cikin yanayin masana'antu mai haske.F12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki
LTP-3862JD ya dogara ne akan fitowar haske na semiconductor mai ƙarfi. Kayan aiki shine AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) wanda aka girma akan substrate na GaAs (Gallium Arsenide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na semiconductor (kusan 2V) a kan haɗin P-N na guntu LED, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki. Suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsayin raƙuman hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, hyper-red a kusan 650 nm. Kowane bangare na nuni yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan ƙananan guntu LED. Zanen da'ira na ciki, wanda aka nuna a cikin PDF, yana nuna yadda guntu na kowane bangare ke haɗuwa a cikin lamba da kuma yadda aka kafa anode gama gari na kowane lamba. Kunshin filastik baƙar fata yana aiki azaman gida, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma ya haɗa da masu watsa sassa farare waɗanda ke taimakawa rarraba haske daidai a cikin yankin bangare.
13. Trends na Fasaha da Ci gaba
Duk da yake nunin sassa 16 kamar LTP-3862JD sun kasance masu dacewa ga takamaiman aikace-aikace, babban trend a cikin fasahar nuni yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mai girma da sassauci. Nunin LED matrix-dot da allunan OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) suna zama masu inganci, suna ba da cikakken damar haruffa da lambobi da zane. Koyaya, don sauƙi, ingantaccen aminci, babban haske, da ƙaramin farashin karatun lambobi/haruffa, nunin sassa suna riƙe da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin ingantaccen wutar lantarki, sauƙi, da ƙarfi. Fasahar LED ta asali tana ci gaba da haɓakawa; yayin da AlInGaP ya balaga kuma yana da inganci don ja/lemu/rawaya, sabbin kayan aiki da ƙirar guntu suna mai da hankali kan haɓaka inganci (lumens a kowace watt), inganta aikin yanayin zafi, da ba da damar ko da ƙananan girman kunshi. Ƙoƙarin zuwa ga ƙananan ƙira da fasahar ɗora saman (SMT) shima yana bayyana, ko da yake kunshin rami kamar wannan yana ci gaba da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar taron hannu ko ƙarin ƙarfin injiniya.
While 16-segment displays like the LTP-3862JD remain relevant for specific applications, the broader trend in display technology is towards higher integration and flexibility. Dot-matrix LED displays and OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) panels are becoming more cost-effective, offering full alphanumeric and graphic capabilities. However, for simple, high-reliability, high-brightness, and low-cost numeric/alphanumeric readouts, segment displays retain significant advantages in power efficiency, simplicity, and ruggedness. The underlying LED technology continues to evolve; while AlInGaP is mature and efficient for red/orange/yellow, newer materials and chip designs focus on increasing efficiency (lumens per watt), improving high-temperature performance, and enabling even smaller package sizes. The drive towards miniaturization and surface-mount technology (SMT) is also evident, though through-hole packages like this one persist in applications requiring manual assembly or extra mechanical strength.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |