Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED LTP-3862JR - Tsayin Lamba 0.3 Inch - AlInGaP Super Red - Ƙarfin Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 70mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTP-3862JR wani babban na'ura ne na nunin lambobi biyu wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar bayyana haruffa da lambobi a sarari. Babban aikinsa shine nuna haruffa da lambobi ta amfani da tsarin sassa 17 a kowace lamba, wanda ke ba da dama fiye da na'urorin nunin lambobi 7 na yau da kullun. Na'urar tana amfani da manyan ƙwayoyin LED na AS-AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) RED SUPER, waɗanda aka girma akan tushen GaAs. Wannan fasaha sananniya ce saboda ingantacciyar aiki da kyawawan halayen haske. Tsarin gani yana da fuskar baƙi tare da fararen sassa, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban. An rarraba nunin don ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin samfuran samarwa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin wannan nunin ya samo asali ne daga ƙirarsa da fasahar semiconductor. Sassa masu ci gaba suna haifar da siffar haruffa mai santsi da ban sha'awa ba tare da ganuwar tazara ko katsewa ba. Yana aiki tare da ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, yana sa ya dace da na'urorin da ke amfani da baturi ko na'urori masu kula da makamashi. Haɗin haske mai ƙarfi da bambanci mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da karantawa ko da a cikin wurare masu haske mai ƙarfi. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana ba da damar karanta bayanan da aka nuna daga matsayi daban-daban dangane da saman nunin. Ingantaccen amincin fasahar LED yana ba da dogon rayuwar aiki da juriya ga girgiza da rawar jiki idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan nuni kamar na'urar hasken filasha ko incandescent.

Wannan samfurin yawanci ana yiwa niyya ne ga kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙananan, amintattun, da bayyanannun karatun lambobi da haruffa. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sun haɗa da allunan kayan aikin masana'antu, kayan aikin gwaji da aunawa, na'urorin likitanci, tashoshin siyarwa, nunin dashboard na mota (don bayanan taimako), da kayan lantarki na mabukaci daban-daban inda ake buƙatar gabatar da bayanan matsayi ko lambobi.

2. Cikakken Bayanin Ƙididdiga na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na ainihin sigogi na fasaha da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanai.

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Na Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nunin. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Kowane Bangare an ƙayyade shi da mafi ƙarancin 200 µcd, ƙimar al'ada na 600 µcd, kuma ba a lissafa mafi girma ba, lokacin da aka tuka a cikin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 1mA. Wannan siga tana bayyana hasken da ake gani na kowane bangare na kansu. Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken an ƙayyade shi azaman 2:1 mafi girma. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci don daidaiton nunin; yana nufin hasken mafi ƙarancin bangare ba zai zama ƙasa da rabin hasken mafi haske ba a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a duk sassan harafi.

Halayen launi an bayyana su ta hanyar sigogin tsawon raƙuman ruwa, wanda aka auna a I_F=20mA. Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_p) shine 639 nm, wanda yake cikin yankin ja na bakan gani. Mafi Rinjaye Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_d) shine 631 nm. Bambanci tsakanin kololuwa da tsawon raƙuman ruwa yana da alaƙa da siffar bakan fitarwa. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko yaduwar tsawon raƙuman hasken da aka fitar a kusa da kololuwa.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Ƙayyadaddun lantarki suna bayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayin na'urar. Ƙarfin Gaba Kowane Bangare (V_F) yana kewayo daga 2.0V zuwa 2.6V a gwajin na'urar na 20mA. Masu ƙira dole ne su tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki don shawo kan wannan, yawanci ta amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa ko direba mai ci gaba. Juyawar Halin yanzu Kowane Bangare (I_R) shine mafi girma na 100 µA a juyawar ƙarfin lantarki (V_R) na 5V, yana nuna matakin ɗigon ruwa lokacin da LED ke da juyawa.

TheCikakkun Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma sun saita iyakoki don aiki lafiya. Ci gaba da Halin yanzu na Gaba Kowane Bangare shine 25 mA a 25°C, tare da ƙimar ragewa na 0.33 mA/°C sama da wannan zafin jiki. Wannan yana nufin mafi girman halin yanzu da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru don hana yin zafi sosai. Kololuwar Halin yanzu na Gaba shine 90 mA amma kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi na bugun jini: zagayowar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms. Wannan yana ba da damar tsare-tsaren haɗakarwa inda za a iya amfani da halin yanzu na nan take don cimma hasken da ake gani yayin da ake kiyaye matsakaicin ragewar wutar lantarki ƙasa. Ragewar Wutar Lantarki Kowane Bangare an iyakance shi zuwa 70 mW.

2.3 Ƙididdiga na Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Yanayin Aiki na -35°C zuwa +105°C da kuma irin wannan Kewayon Yanayin Ajiya. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, duka na masana'antu da na mota. Ragewar halin yanzu na gaba tare da zafin jiki, kamar yadda aka ambata, shine la'akari da sarrafa zafi kai tsaye. Takardar bayanai kuma ta ƙayyade yanayin soldering: na'urar na iya jure 260°C na dakika 3 a nisan 1/16 inch (kusan 1.59 mm) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama, wanda shine jagorar bayanin sake kunnawa na soldering.

3. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

LTP-3862JR yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin nunin LED. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da cikakken zane mai girma (girman kunshin). Muhimman fasalolin injiniya sun haɗa da gabaɗayan sawun ƙafa, tsayin kunshin, tazarar tsakanin lambobi biyu, da daidaitaccen wuri da diamita na ramukan saka ko fil. Zanen ya ƙayyade cewa duk girma suna cikin millimeters, tare da daidaitattun ƙididdiga na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga masu ƙirar PCB (Allon Da'irar da aka Buga) don tabbatar da cewa sawun ƙafa na zahiri akan allon ya yi daidai da nunin kuma akwai isasshen sarari a kusa da kayan.

3.1 Tsarin Fil da Da'irar Ciki

Na'urar tana da jimillar fil 20. An saita shi azaman nau'in Haɗakarwa Gama ɗaya Anode. Wannan yana nufin anodes na LEDs na kowane lamba an haɗa su tare a ciki. Gama ɗaya anode na Lamba 1 yana kan Fil 4, kuma Gama ɗaya anode na Lamba 2 yana kan Fil 10. Cathodes na kowane bangare na kansu (A har zuwa U, tare da DP don maki goma) an fitar da su zuwa fil daban-daban. Wannan gine-ginen haɗakarwa yana ba da damar sarrafa lambobi biyu tare da ƙananan layukan direba fiye da idan kowane bangare yana da adireshi na kansu. Zanen da'irar ciki zai nuna waɗannan haɗin gwiwar anode gama ɗaya na kowane lamba da kuma yadda aka tsara cathodes na sassa. Teburin haɗin fil yana da mahimmanci don haɗa nunin daidai zuwa microcontroller ko direba IC.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasan halaye na lantarki/na gani na yau da kullun. Duk da yake ba a yi cikakken bayani game da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, daidaitattun lanƙwasa don irin waɗannan na'urori za su haɗa da:

• Halin yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V): Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED da halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikinsa. Yana taimaka wa masu ƙira su zaɓi ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa mai dacewa don wani ƙarfin lantarki da aka bayar.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba: Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙara halin yanzu na tuƙi. Yawanci yana da layi a cikin kewayon amma yana iya cika a cikin halin yanzu masu yawa sosai.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi: Wannan jadawali yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki na LED ya ƙaru. Fahimtar wannan ragewa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.
• Rarraba Bakan: Wani makirci na ƙarfin dangi da tsawon raƙuman ruwa, yana nuna siffar bakan hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da kololuwar tsawon raƙuman ruwa na 639 nm.

Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna ba masu ƙira ƙarin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito ko bambanta fiye da bayanan maki ɗaya a cikin tebur.

5. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

5.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

Don sarrafa wannan nunin na haɗakarwa gama ɗaya anode, ana buƙatar da'irar direba. Wannan yawanci ya haɗa da amfani da microcontroller tare da isassun fil na I/O ko kuma takamaiman direba IC na LED. Za a haɗa gama ɗaya anodes (Fil 4 da 10) zuwa microcontroller ta hanyar transistors masu samar da halin yanzu ko kai tsaye idan fil na MCU na iya samar da isasshen halin yanzu. Za a haɗa cathodes na sassa (Fil 1-3, 5-9, 11-13, 15-20) zuwa direbobin da ke nutsewa cikin halin yanzu (kamar tsarin transistor ko direba IC). Ana samun haɗakarwa ta hanyar kunna gama ɗaya anode na lamba ɗaya a lokaci guda yayin gabatar da tsarin sassa na wannan lamba akan layukan cathode. Dole ne wannan zagayowar ta faru da sauri (yawanci >60 Hz) don guje wa flicker da ake gani. Ƙimar kololuwar halin yanzu tana ba da damar amfani da halin yanzu mafi girma a lokacin ɗan gajeren lokacin kunnawa na kowane lamba don cimma matsakaicin haske mafi girma da ake gani.

5.2 Sarrafa Zafi da Soldering

Duk da yake LEDs suna da inganci, wutar lantarki da aka rage (har zuwa 70mW kowane bangare) na iya haifar da dumama, musamman lokacin da aka kunna sassa da yawa a lokaci guda. Za a iya la'akari da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi don fil na gama ɗaya anode su zama mai sanyaya zafi. Tsananin bin bayanin soldering (260°C na dakika 3) yana da mahimmanci don hana lalata epoxy na ciki, haɗin waya, ko kuma kanta na semiconductor kanta yayin haɗawa.

5.3 Haɗin Gani

Ƙirar fuskar baƙi/fararen sassa tana ba da bambanci mai girma. Don ƙarin haɓakawa a cikin hasken yanayi mai haske, za a iya amfani da tacewa mai bambanci ko taga murfi mai duhu. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana kawar da buƙatar daidaitawar mai kallo daidai da al'adar nunin. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi la'akari da nisan kallo da aka yi niyya da matakan hasken yanayi lokacin zaɓar halin yanzu na tuƙi don tabbatar da mafi kyawun karantawa ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki da ba dole ba.

6. Kwatancin Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta LTP-3862JR shine amfani da Fasahar AlInGaP Super Red da kuma Tsarin sassa 17. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun LEDs na GaAsP ko GaP, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantacciyar inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da nunin masu haske a cikin halin yanzu iri ɗaya ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya. Tsarin sassa 17, idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen nunin sassa 7, yana ba da damar wakilcin cikakken haruffa (lambobi da haruffa) maimakon lambobi da ƴan haruffa kawai, yana faɗaɗa faɗin aikace-aikacensa sosai. Rarraba don ƙarfin haske wani muhimmin batu ne, yana ba da matakin daidaiton haske wanda ke da mahimmanci ga nunin lambobi da yawa inda rashin daidaiton haske zai zama abin damuwa a gani.

7. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken 2:1 ke nufi ga ƙirata?

A: Yana ba da garantin daidaiton gani. A cikin mafi munin yanayi, wani bangare ba zai zama ƙasa da rabin hasken wani bangare da aka tuƙa iri ɗaya ba. Wannan yana hana wasu haruffa ko sassan haruffa su bayyana a fili ƙasa da wasu.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin tare da microcontroller 5V kai tsaye?

A: Ba kai tsaye ga sassa ba. Ƙarfin gaba shine 2.0-2.6V. Haɗa fil na MCU 5V kai tsaye zuwa cathode na bangare (ta hanyar resistor) zai yi amfani da kusan 5V juyawar bias ga LED lokacin da fil na MCU yana da girma, wanda ya wuce ƙimar ƙarfin juyawa na 8V kuma zai iya lalata LED. Dole ne ku yi amfani da da'irar direba mai dacewa (transistors ko direba ICs) don haɗa matakan dabaru na MCU tare da buƙatun halin yanzu na LED.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa?

A: Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Don wadata na 5V, V na al'ada _Fna 2.3V, da kuma I da ake so _Fna 20mA: R = (5 - 2.3) / 0.02 = 135 ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba (misali, 150 ohms) wanda ke ba da ɗan ƙaramin halin yanzu, cikin yanayin aiki lafiya.

Q: Menene manufar ƙimar kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba?

A: Yana ba da damar haɗakarwa. A cikin saitin haɗakarwa, kowane lamba yana kunne ne kawai na ɗan lokaci (misali, zagayowar aiki 1/2 don lambobi biyu). Don cimma matsakaicin haske da ake so, zaku iya amfani da halin yanzu mafi girma a lokacin gajeren lokacinsa. Ƙimar kololuwar 90mA (a bugun jini 0.1ms, zagayowar aiki 1/10) yana ba da damar wannan. Matsakaicin halin yanzu dole ne har yanzu ya mutunta ƙimar halin yanzu na ci gaba lokacin da aka ƙididdige shi akan lokaci.

8. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar mai ƙidaya lambobi biyu mai sauƙi tare da haɗin gwiwar microcontroller.

Wani shari'ar ƙira za ta haɗa da microcontroller 8-bit (misali, ATmega328P). Za a saita biyu daga cikin fil ɗin I/O a matsayin fitarwa don tuƙa gama ɗaya anodes (Lamba 1 da Lamba 2) ta hanyar ƙananan transistors na NPN (misali, 2N3904) don samar da halin yanzu da ake buƙata ga duk sassan da aka kunna a cikin lamba. Za a yi amfani da wasu fil ɗin I/O 8 don tuƙa cathodes na sassa ta hanyar direba IC mai nutsewa cikin halin yanzu kamar tsarin ULN2003A Darlington, wanda zai iya ɗaukar haɗin halin yanzu na sassa. Firmware ɗin zai kiyaye ma'aunin ƙidaya. Zai raba lambobi goma da naúrar, ya canza kowane zuwa tsarin sassa 17 (ta amfani da teburin nema), sannan a bi da bi ya kunna transistor don Lamba 1 yayin fitar da tsarin lambar raka'a, sannan a kunna Lamba 2 yayin fitar da tsarin lambobi goma, a cikin madauki mai ci gaba tare da ɗan jinkiri. Za a sanya resistors masu iyakancewa halin yanzu a ko dai gefen gama ɗaya anode (mai sauƙi, resistor ɗaya kowane lamba) ko gefen cathode na bangare (sarrafa daidai kowane bangare, ƙarin resistors).

9. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Tushen ka'idar aiki ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n semiconductor. Kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP yana da takamaiman makamashin bandgap. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce kofa (ƙarfin gaba V_F), electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su a kan haɗin. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin semiconductor mai kai tsaye bandgap kamar AlInGaP, ana fitar da wannan makamashi da farko azaman photons (haske). Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan. Tsarin sassa 17 tsari ne na geometric na mutum-mutumi na LED ko yankuna na guntu a cikin kunshin, kowanne yana dace da wani bangare na harafi. Ana yin haɗin lantarki ta hanyar haɗin waya zuwa lambobin anode da cathode, waɗanda aka karkatar da su zuwa fil ɗin waje na kunshin.

10. Trends na Fasaha

Fasahar nunin tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Duk da yake fasahar AlInGaP a cikin wannan takardar bayanai tana wakiltar mafita mai inganci don launuka ja/lemu/rawaya, ƙarin trends sun haɗa da amfani da ƙarin ingantattun kayan da tsarin. Don cikakkun launuka ko fararen nunin, LEDs na shuɗi da kore na tushen InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) sun fi rinjaye. Akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba zuwa mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), yana ba da damar nunin masu haske ko ƙarancin amfani da makamashi. Ƙananan ƙira wani trend ne, tare da kunshin ma'aunin guntu da ƙananan girman mutuwa yana ba da damar nunin tare da mafi girman ƙuduri ko kuma ƙuduri iri ɗaya a cikin ƙaramin sawun ƙafa. Ƙari ga haka, mafita masu haɗaka suna zama gama gari, inda da'irar direba LED, microcontroller, kuma wani lokacin har da nunin kanta an haɗa su zuwa na'ura ɗaya ko nunin wayo, yana sauƙaƙa tsarin ƙira ga masu samar da samfurin ƙarshe. Babban fa'idodin ingantaccen amincin ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da faɗin kusurwar kallo sun kasance na asali kuma ana haɓaka su ta waɗannan ci gaban kayan da haɗin kai.