Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED LTC-46454JF - Tsayin Lamba 0.4-inch - Launi Mai Ruwan Lemu - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LTC-46454JF wani na'ura ne mai nunin lambobi huɗu da haruffa bakwai, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi a fili da haske. Aikin sa na asali shine nuna bayanan lambobi a gani, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urorin sarrafa masana'antu, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da kayan gwaji. Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar ta ta'allaka ne akan amfani da fasahar guntu na LED ta AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai ci gaba, wacce ke ba da aiki mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED na GaAsP na yau da kullun.

Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya sun haɗa da masu ƙira da injiniyoyin da ke ƙirƙira samfuran da ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki, iya karantawa, da amincin aiki suke da muhimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi, mitoci na panel, nunin kayan aikin likita, da kowane tsarin da ke buƙatar fitarwa mai daidaito, mai ƙarancin kulawa. Ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki na na'urar ya sa ta dace musamman da aikace-aikacen da ke da hankali ga makamashi.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hasken Wuta da Na Gani

Ana ayyana aikin gani a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Babban ma'auni, Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta (Iv), yana da ƙimar al'ada na 650 µcd lokacin da aka tuka shi da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) na 1mA a kowane sashi. Ana ɗaukar wannan ma'auni ta amfani da firikwensin da tacewa wanda ke kusantar da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙimar tana da alaƙa da hangen nesa na ɗan adam. Faɗin kewayon daga mafi ƙarancin 200 µcd zuwa na al'ada 650 µcd yana nuna yuwuwar aiwatar da tsarin rarrabe don haske.

Ana ayyana halayen launi ta hanyar tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Tsawon Rarraba Rarraba Mafi Girma (λp) yawanci 611 nm ne, yayin da Tsawon Rarraba Mai Rinjaye (λd) yawanci 605 nm ne, dukansu ana auna su a IF=20mA. Bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma da na rinjaye al'ada ce ga LED kuma yana da alaƙa da siffar bakan fitarwa. Ramin Rabin Layin Bakan (Δλ) shine 17 nm, wanda ke bayyana faɗin bakan hasken da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Ƙunƙuntaccen rabin faɗin yana nuna launi mafi tsafta, cikakke. Haɗin waɗannan ma'auni yana ayyana launin lemu na musamman na nunin.

2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki

Ma'aunin wutar lantarki yana ayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayi don nunin. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar yana saita iyakoki don aiki lafiya. Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba a kowane sashi an ƙididdige shi da 25 mA a 25°C, tare da ƙimar ragewa na 0.33 mA/°C. Wannan yana nufin matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ci gaba da ke ƙyale yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi sama da 25°C don hana yin zafi da lalacewa. Don aikin bugun jini, ana ƙyale Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba na 90 mA a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa: cikakken aiki na 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya a kowane sashi shine 5V; wuce wannan zai iya lalata haɗin LED.

Babban ma'aunin aiki shine Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF), wanda yawanci 2.6V ne tare da matsakaicin 2.6V a gwajin wutar lantarki na 20mA a kowane sashi. An jera mafi ƙarancin a matsayin 2.05V. Wannan kewayon Vf yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance wutar lantarki. An ƙayyade Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (IR) a matsakaicin 100 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin kashewa.

2.3 Ma'auni na Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Zafin Aiki na -35°C zuwa +85°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli, daga sanyaya masana'antu zuwa rumfunan zafi. Kewayon Zafin Ajiya iri ɗaya ne (-35°C zuwa +85°C). Muhimmin ƙayyadaddun taro shine matsakaicin Zafin Solder: 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na dakika 3, wanda aka auna a 1.6mm ƙasa da filin zama. Wannan jagora tana da mahimmanci don aikin solder ko sake kwarara don hana lalacewar zafi ga guntun LED ko kunshe na epoxy.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe

Duk da cewa takardar bayanin ba ta yi cikakken bayani kan lambar rarrabe ba, ƙayyadaddun kewayon ma'auni masu mahimmanci suna nuna cewa zaɓi ko rarrabe yana faruwa. Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta yana da mafi ƙarancin 200 µcd kuma ƙimar al'ada ta 650 µcd, yana nuna cewa ana iya rarrabe na'urori bisa ga fitarwa haske. An ƙayyade Matsakaicin Daidaiton Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta a matsayin 2:1 mafi girma. Wannan rabo yana ayyana matsakaicin bambancin da aka ƙyale a cikin haske tsakanin sassa daban-daban a cikin lamba ɗaya ko tsakanin lambobi, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani. Za a gwada na'urori don cimma wannan ma'auni.

Hakazalika, Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF) yana da kewayon (2.05V zuwa 2.6V a 20mA). Ana iya rarrabe samfuran bisa ga Vf don tabbatar da buƙatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tuƙi a cikin guntu. Ƙayyadaddun tsayin raƙuman ruwa na rinjaye da mafi girma suma suna nuna ƙaƙƙarfan sarrafa launi, wanda wani nau'i ne na rarrabe launi.

4. Bincike Kan Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nuni ga "Lanƙwasa Halayen Wutar Lantarki / Na Gani na Al'ada" a shafi na ƙarshe. Duk da cewa ba a ba da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, daidaitattun lanƙwasa don irin waɗannan na'urori yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Wannan jadawalin zai nuna yadda fitarwa haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tuƙi. Yawanci ba a layi daya ba, tare da inganci yawanci yana raguwa a ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi saboda tasirin zafi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba:Wannan yana nuna halayen diode na LED. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa da logarithmic tare da wutar lantarki.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta da Zafin Yanayi:Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar rage zafi. Fitarwar haske na LED na AlInGaP gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ya ƙaru.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zanen matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa, yana nuna lanƙwasa mai siffar kararrawa da ke tsakiya a kusa da 611 nm tare da rabin faɗin 17 nm.

Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna ba masu ƙira damar yin hasashen aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito, kamar tuƙi a wutar lantarki tsakanin 1mA da 20mA, ko aiki a yanayin zafi ban da 25°C.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar ce mai daidaitaccen tsayin lamba 0.4-inch (10.0 mm). An ba da girman kunshin a cikin zane (wanda aka ambata amma ba a yi cikakken bayani ba a cikin rubutu), tare da duk ma'auni a cikin milimita da daidaitattun ƙimar ƙima na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Ƙirar zahirin tana da fasalin fuska mai launin toka tare da fararen sassa, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci lokacin da LED ɗin ya kashe kuma yana watsa hasken da aka fitar daidai lokacin da yake kunne, yana ba da gudummawa ga "kyakkyawan bayyanar harafi" da "babban bambanci" da aka ambata a cikin fasali.

Zanen haɗin fil da zanen da'irar ciki suna da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB. Na'urar tana da tsarin fil 13. Tana amfani da gine-ginen Anode na Gama Gari. Fil 6, 8, 9, da 12 sune gama gari anodes don lambobi 4, 3, 2, da 1, bi da bi. Fil 13 shine gama gari anode don Alamun Colon na Sama (UC) da Ƙasa (LC). Ana fitar da katod ɗin sassa ɗaya ɗaya (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, DP) zuwa fil daban-daban. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar tuƙi da yawa, inda ake haskaka lambobi ɗaya bayan ɗaya cikin sauri, yana rage yawan fil ɗin direba da ake buƙata.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Babban jagorar da aka bayar shine iyakar zafin solder: matsakaicin 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, wanda aka auna a 1.6mm ƙasa da filin zama. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ma'auni ne don abubuwan da ke amfani da solder. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da bayanin solders ɗin su bai wuce wannan girgizar zafi ba. Don solder na hannu, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki, kuma a rage lokacin tuntuɓar da fil.

An yi amfani da matakan kariya na gaba ɗaya don LED: guji matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau na epoxy, kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD) yayin sarrafawa, da adanawa a cikin yanayin da ya dace na hana wutar lantarki, mai sarrafa danshi idan ba a yi amfani da shi nan da nan ba.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Lambar sashi ita ce LTC-46454JF. Maɗaukakin "JF" mai yiwuwa yana nuna takamaiman nau'in kunshin, tsarin fil, ko bambancin launi (Lemu). An kwatanta na'urar a matsayin nunin "AlInGaP Yellow Orange Multiplex Common Anode" tare da maki "Decimal na Hannun Dama". Daidaitaccen kunshin don irin waɗannan nunin yawanci yana cikin bututu ko tirelolin hana wutar lantarki don kare fil da ruwan tabarau yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa. Ba a jera takamaiman adadin reel ko bututu a cikin abin da aka cire ba.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Anode na gama gari, ƙirar da aka haɗa ta dace da aikace-aikacen da microcontroller ke tuka. Da'irar al'ada ta ƙunshi amfani da tashoshin I/O na microcontroller ko takamaiman IC direban LED. Za a haɗa fil ɗin anode na gama gari zuwa transistors na PNP ko MOSFETs na P-channel (ko kai tsaye zuwa fil ɗin microcontroller idan ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki ya isa), waɗanda ake kunna su don samar da wutar lantarki ga kowane lamba a jere. Ana haɗa fil ɗin katod ɗin sassa zuwa masu jure wutar lantarki sannan zuwa transistors na NPN, MOSFETs na N-channel, ko fitarwa mai iya nutsewa na IC/microcontroller direba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki ta amfani da dabara: R = (Vcc - Vf_led) / I_desired. Tare da Vcc na 5V, Vf na al'ada na 2.6V, da wutar lantarki da ake so na sashi na 10mA, resistor ɗin zai kasance kusan (5 - 2.6) / 0.01 = 240 ohms.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake Bita Lokacin Ƙira

• Mita Mai Yawa:Dole ne ƙimar sabunta ta yi yawa sosai don guje wa kyan gani, yawanci sama da 60-100 Hz a kowane lamba. Tare da lambobi 4, mitar binciken yana buƙatar zama sau 4 wancan.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mafi Girma:A cikin ƙirar da aka haɗa, wutar lantarki ta take a kowane sashi tana da girma fiye da matsakaicin wutar lantarki. Idan matsakaicin wutar lantarki a kowane sashi an yi niyya a 5mA tare da cikakken aiki na 1/4 (lambobi 4), wutar lantarki ta take a lokacin ON ɗin sa zai buƙaci zama 20mA. Dole ne a duba wannan da matsakaicin ƙima.
• Watsar Zafi:A manyan wutar lantarki ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, tabbatar da cewa watsar wutar lantarki a kowane sashi (matsakaicin 70mW) bai wuce ba, la'akari da ƙimar ragewa.
• Kusurwar Kallo:Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da fa'ida ga panel ɗin da za a iya duba su daga wuraren da ba a kan axis ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin nunin LED na GaAsP ja, fasahar AlInGaP a cikin LTC-46454JF tana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai. Wannan yana nufin zai iya cimma iri ɗaya ko mafi girma haske a ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tuƙi, yana ba da damar fasalin "ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki" kai tsaye. Hakanan yawanci yana ba da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki da tsawon rayuwar aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan LED ja na zamani, launin lemu (605-611nm) yana ba da kyakkyawan gani kuma galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin mai haske sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da nunin fluorescent na vacuum (VFDs) ko nunin LCD, wannan nunin LED yana ba da ƙarfi mafi girma, faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, saurin amsawa, kuma baya buƙatar hasken baya ko samar da wutar lantarki mai girma, amma a farashin mafi girman amfani da wutar lantarki don nunin lambobi da yawa fiye da LCD.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni)

Tambaya: Shin zan iya tuka wannan nunin tare da samar da wutar lantarki na microcontroller 3.3V?

A: I. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba shine 2.6V, yana barin 0.7V don faɗuwa a kan resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki a 3.3V. Wannan ya isa don aiki, kodayake sararin samaniya na wutar lantarki da ake da shi don saita wutar lantarki daidai yana raguwa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 5V.

Tambaya: Menene mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don ganin haske mai gani?

A: Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade yanayin gwaji har zuwa 1mA, inda matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken wuta na al'ada shine 650 µcd. Mai yiwuwa za a iya ganinsa a ƙananan wutar lantarki, kodayake haske zai yi duhu sosai. "Halayen ƙarancin wutar lantarki" babban fasali ne.

Tambaya: Ta yaya zan sarrafa maki goma da colons?

A: Maƙasudin goma (DP) yana da nasa fil ɗin katod (Fil 3). Colons na sama da na ƙasa (UC, LC) suna raba anode gama gari (Fil 13) kuma suna da katod ɗin su an haɗa su zuwa katod ɗin sashi B (Fil 7). Don haskaka colon, dole ne kun kunna fil ɗin anode gama gari na lamba 13 kuma ku ja katod ɗin sashi B (Fil 7) ƙasa.

Tambaya: Me ya sa ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya kawai 5V?

A: Ba a ƙera LED don toshe ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya. Haɗin PN zai iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ƙananan bambance-bambancen baya. Ƙimar 5V iyaka ce ta aminci; ƙirar da'ira yakamata ta tabbatar cewa ba a taɓa amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya ba, sau da yawa ta amfani da diodes na kariya a layi daya tare da LED a cikin aikace-aikacen siginar bi-directional.

11. Hali na Amfani na Aiki

Hali: Ƙirar Karatun Voltmeter mai Lambobi 4.Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki na benci wanda ke buƙatar karatun wutar lantarki a fili. Sun zaɓi LTC-46454JF saboda haskensa da iya karantawa. Tsarin yana amfani da microcontroller tare da ADC don auna fitarwar wutar lantarki. Firmware na microcontroller yana aiwatar da tsarin aiki mai yawa, yana zagayawa cikin lambobi huɗu. Ana adana ƙirar sassa don lambobi 0-9 a cikin teburin nema. Mai ƙira ya ƙididdige masu jure wutar lantarki don matsakaicin wutar lantarki na sashi na 8mA, la'akari da cikakken aiki na 1/4 mai yawa (don haka wutar lantarki ta take ~32mA, wacce ke cikin ƙimar bugun jini amma suna iya rage ta don kasancewa cikin ƙimar ci gaba). Suna amfani da dogo na 5V don nunin. Fuskar launin toka ta nunin tana haɗuwa da kyau tare da panel ɗin gaban kayan aikin, kuma lambobin lemu ana iya ganin su cikin sauƙi a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Babban fasahar ita ce tsarin kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) wanda aka girma akan tushen GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) mara ganuwa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin PN na wannan semiconductor, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa na wannan hasken - a wannan yanayin, lemu kusa da 611 nm - an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na gami na AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma na crystal. Tushen GaAs mara ganuwa yana ɗaukar duk wani haske da aka fitar ƙasa, yana inganta bambanci ta hanyar rage tunani na ciki da warwatsewa wanda zai iya haifar da tasirin "halo" a kusa da sassan. Shimfidar sassa bakwai tsari ne na daidaitaccen tsari inda aka haɗa haɗin sassa daban-daban (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da A zuwa G) don samar da lambobi 0-9 da wasu haruffa.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Duk da yake nunin LED na sassa bakwai masu zaman kansu kamar LTC-46454JF sun kasance masu dacewa da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban haske, sauƙi, da ƙarfi, gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar nunin ya koma ga mafita masu haɗaka. Nunin LED na Dot-matrix da OLEDs suna ba da sassauci mafi girma don nuna haruffa da zane-zane. Don karatun lambobi masu sauƙi, LCD sun mamaye aikace-aikacen da ba su da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Koyaya, fa'idodin LED na asali - babban haske, fitar da kai, faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, da tsawon rayuwa - suna tabbatar da ci gaba da amfani da su a cikin masana'antu, motoci, da kayan aikin waje inda waɗannan abubuwan suke da mahimmanci. Ci gaban kayan LED, kamar mafi inganci AlInGaP da hawan LED na tushen GaN blue/green/white, sun faɗaɗa zaɓuɓɓukan launi da inganci don sabbin samfuran nunin.