Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fasali da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya
- 1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
- 2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken (Ta= 25°C)
- 3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 3.1 Hankalin Bakan Hasken
- 3.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Hasken Juya Baya da Irradiance (Ee)
- 3.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu Juya Baya da Zazzabin Yanayi
- 3.4 Ƙarfin Haɗin Kai na Tasha da Ƙarfin Lantarki Juya Baya
- 3.5 Lokacin Amsawa da Resistance na Kaya
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya da Garken
- 4.1 Girman Garken
- 4.2 Gano Polarity
- 5. Jagororin Tari da Gudanarwa
- 5.1 Shawarwarin Solder
- 5.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 6. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda
- 6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakiti
- 6.2 Bayanin Alamar
- 7. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Tsarin Kewayen
- 7.2 Mahadar Amplifier
- 7.3 Abubuwan Tunani na Hasken
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 10. Ka'idojin Aiki
- 11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
- 12. Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayanin Samfur
PD204-6C babban sauri ne, silicon PIN photodiode mai hankali sosai wanda aka sanya a cikin daidaitaccen garken filastik mai diamita 3mm. An ƙera wannan na'urar musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin amsawa da dogaro wajen gano haske mai bayyane da kusa da infrared. Matsakaicin amsawar sa yayi daidai da fitilun diode (IREDs) na gama-gari, yana mai da shi kayan aiki mai yawa don tsarin haske daban-daban. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH kuma an yi shi ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin da ba su da gubar.
1.1 Fasali da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya
- Saurin Lokacin Amsawa:Yana ba da damar gano saƙon haske mai sauri, ya dace da sadarwa mai sauri da azanci.
- Babban Hankalin Hoto:Yana ba da ƙarfin siginar lantarki daga ƙananan hasken da ke faruwa, yana inganta rabon sigina zuwa amo.
- Ƙananan Ƙarfin Haɗin Kai:Yana taimakawa wajen saurin amsawa ta hanyar rage lokacin RC na kewaye na gano.
- Garken Daidaitacce:Garken filastik 3mm siffa ce ta gama-gari, yana tabbatar da sauƙin haɗawa cikin ƙirar da ke akwai da kuma dacewa da soket ɗin daidaitacce.
- Daidaitaccen Muhalli:Na'urar ba ta da gubar kuma tana bin ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH.
1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
PD204-6C ya dace da kewayon aikace-aikacen masana'antu da na mabukaci inda ake buƙatar gano haske mai dogaro. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:
- Na'urori masu gano Ƙofar Atomatik:Don gano kasancewa da tsarin aminci.
- Kayan Aikin Ofis:Kamar na'urorin kwafi da na'urorin bugawa don gano takarda da azanci na gefe.
- Kayan Lantarki na Mabukaci:Ciki har da na'urorin wasa don azanci na hulɗa ko matsayi.
- Gano Hasken Gama-gari da Rarraba Hasken:A cikin kewayen lantarki daban-daban.
2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa
2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (VR):32 V - Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi a cikin jujjuyawar baya a kan tashoshin photodiode.
- Zazzabi na Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon zafin yanayi don aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.
- Zazzabi na Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C - Kewayon zazzabi don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
- Zazzabin Solder (Tsol):260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 5 - Muhimmi ne don haɗa PCB don hana lalacewar zafi ga garken filastik da guntun semiconductor.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pc):150 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C iska kyauta - Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya tarwatsawa.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken (Ta= 25°C)
Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Ƙimar al'ada tana wakiltar tsakiyar rarraba, yayin da ƙimar min/max ke ayyana iyakokin da aka tabbatar.
- Faɗin Bakan Hasken (λ0.5):400 nm zuwa 1100 nm - Kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda amsawar ta kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwarta. Wannan yana nuna babban hankali daga shuɗi mai bayyane zuwa kusa da infrared.
- Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwar Hankali (λP):940 nm (Na al'ada) - Tsawon raƙuman hasken da photodiode ya fi hankali a kansa. Wannan yayi daidai daidai da fitilun LED infrared na gama-gari na 940nm.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Buɗe Kewayen (VOC):0.42 V (Na al'ada) a Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm - Ƙarfin lantarki da photodiode ya samar a ƙarƙashin haske lokacin da ba a jawo wani lantarki ba (buɗe kewayen).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gajeren Kewayen (ISC):3.5 µA (Na al'ada) a Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm - Ƙarfin lantarki da photodiode ya samar a ƙarƙashin haske lokacin da aka gajarta tashoshi (ƙarfin lantarki sifili).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Hasken Juya Baya (IL):3.5 µA (Na al'ada) a VR=5V, Ee=1 mW/cm², λp=940nm - Ƙarfin lantarki na hoto da aka samar lokacin da diode ya kasance a cikin jujjuyawar baya. Wannan shine babban sigar aiki a yawancin kewayen.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu Juya Baya (ID):10 nA (Matsakaici) a VR=10V, Ee=0 mW/cm² - Ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo wanda ke gudana a ƙarƙashin jujjuyawar baya cikin duhu gaba ɗaya. Ƙimar ƙasa tafi da kyau don gano raunannun siginar haske.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Rushewar Juya Baya (VBR):32 V (Ƙarami), 170 V (Na al'ada) a IR=100µA - Ƙarfin lantarki inda ƙarfin lantarki na baya ya ƙaru da sauri. Ƙimar al'ada ta fi girma sosai fiye da iyakar ma'auni mafi girma, yana nuna kyakkyawan gefen aminci.
- Jimlar Ƙarfin Haɗin Kai (Ct):5 pF (Na al'ada) a VR=5V, f=1MHz - Ƙarfin haɗin kai, wanda ke shafar amsawar mita mai girma. Ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin kai yana ba da damar saurin canzawa.
- Lokacin Tashi / Lokacin Faɗuwa (tr/ tf):6 ns / 6 ns (Na al'ada) a VR=10V, RL=100Ω - Lokacin da ake buƙata don fitarwa don canzawa daga 10% zuwa 90% (tashi) da 90% zuwa 10% (faɗuwa) na ƙimar ƙarshensa don amsa bugun haske. Wannan yana tabbatar da ikon sauri.
3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanan tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don cikakken ƙirar kewayen.
3.1 Hankalin Bakan Hasken
Lanƙwasa yana nuna amsawa da tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Yana kololuwa a kusa da 940nm kuma yana da amsa mai mahimmanci daga kusan 400nm zuwa 1100nm. Wannan faɗaɗɗen amsa yana sa na'urar ta zama mai amfani tare da hanyoyin haske daban-daban, ko da yake an inganta shi don kusa da-IR.
3.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Hasken Juya Baya da Irradiance (Ee)
Wannan jadawali yawanci yana nuna alaƙar layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na hoto (IL) da ƙarfin haske mai faruwa (Ee) a kan faɗin yanki. Gangaren wannan layin yana wakiltar amsawar (A/W) na photodiode. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan don ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki na sigina da ake tsammani don matakin haske da aka bayar.
3.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu Juya Baya da Zazzabin Yanayi
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (ID) yana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da zazzabi. Don aikace-aikacen da suka fi dacewa ko masu zafi, wannan ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo zai iya zama babban tushen amo da kuskuren karkace.
3.4 Ƙarfin Haɗin Kai na Tasha da Ƙarfin Lantarki Juya Baya
Ƙarfin haɗin kai (Ct) yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na jujjuyawar baya. Mai ƙira zai iya yin ciniki da babban ƙarfin lantarki na baya (don haka ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin kai don sauri) da babban ƙarfin lantarki na duhu da amfani da wutar lantarki.
3.5 Lokacin Amsawa da Resistance na Kaya
Lokacin tashi/faɗuwa yana ƙaruwa tare da babban juriya na kaya (RL) saboda babban lokacin RC da ƙarfin haɗin kai na photodiode da resistor na kaya suka samar. Don matsakaicin sauri, ana ba da shawarar ƙaramin resistor na kaya ko tsarin amplifier na transimpedance.
4. Bayanin Injiniya da Garken
4.1 Girman Garken
PD204-6C yana cikin daidaitaccen garken filastik mai diamita 3mm. Zanen girma yana ƙayyadaddun diamitan jiki, tazarar jagora, da girman jagora. Babban ƙayyadaddun shine jurewar ±0.25mm akan mahimman girma, wanda shine daidaitacce ga irin wannan ɓangaren. Garken yana da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, yana ba da damar watsa bakan haske mai faɗi.
4.2 Gano Polarity
Ana gano cathode ta hanyar dogon jagora, wuri mai lebur a gefen garken, ko alama a jikin garken. Dole ne a lura da polarity daidai yayin shigarwa, tare da haɗa cathode zuwa mafi ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki a cikin aikin jujjuyawar baya (yanayin gama-gari).
5. Jagororin Tari da Gudanarwa
5.1 Shawarwarin Solder
Matsakaicin zazzabin solder shine 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce daƙiƙa 5 ba. Wannan ya dace da daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatar da solder mara gubar. Ya kamata a yi solder na hannu da sauri tare da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki don guje wa damuwa na zafi akan garken filastik da haɗin kai na semiconductor.
5.2 Yanayin Ajiya
Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zazzabin ajiya na -40°C zuwa +100°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa. Ya kamata a adana na'urori masu hankali ga danshi a cikin ainihin fakiti ɗin su na rufaffiyar har sai an yi amfani da su don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" yayin sake karkatar da solder.
6. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda
6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakiti
Daidaitaccen fakiti shine 200 zuwa 1000 guda a kowace jaka, jaka 4 a kowace akwati, da akwatuna 10 a kowace akwati. Wannan babban fakiti yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik.
6.2 Bayanin Alamar
Alamar samfurin ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don gano asali da tabbatarwa: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin (P/N), Yawan Fakiti (QTY), da Lambar Lot (LOT No). Hakanan yana iya haɗawa da kwandon ƙarfin haske, tsawon raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye, da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ko da yake waɗannan sun fi dacewa da LEDs; don photodiodes, maɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci kamar ƙarfin lantarki na duhu ko amsawa za a iya sanya su cikin kwandon.
7. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
7.1 Tsarin Kewayen
Ana iya amfani da PD204-6C a cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:
Yanayin Photovoltaic:Ana amfani da diode tare da sifili bias (gajeren kewayen ko haɗe zuwa babban amplifier na ƙarfin lantarki). Wannan yanayin yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu amma yana da amsa mai sauri saboda babban ƙarfin haɗin kai kuma ba shi da layi don manyan sigina.
Yanayin Photoconductive:Diode yana cikin jujjuyawar baya (misali, 5V ko 10V kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin takardar bayanan). Wannan shine yanayin da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai sauri da layi. Jujjuyawar baya tana rage ƙarfin haɗin kai (ƙara sauri) kuma tana faɗaɗa yankin raguwa, yana inganta ingancin quantum. Resistor na kaya yana canza ƙarfin lantarki na hoto zuwa siginar ƙarfin lantarki.
7.2 Mahadar Amplifier
Don mafi kyawun aiki, musamman tare da raunannun sigina, ana amfani da amplifier na transimpedance (TIA). TIA yana canza ƙarfin lantarki na hoto kai tsaye zuwa ƙarfin lantarki yayin da yake kiyaye ƙasa ta zahiri a cathode na photodiode, wanda ke kiyaye diode a cikin jujjuyawar baya akai-akai (ƙarfin lantarki sifili a cikinsa). Wannan tsari yana rage tasirin ƙarfin haɗin kai kuma yana ba da ingantaccen bandwidth da layi. Dole ne a yi hankali don zaɓar op-amp tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwa da ƙananan amo, da kuma rama hanyar sadarwar martani don kwanciyar hankali.
7.3 Abubuwan Tunani na Hasken
Don haɓaka aiki, ya kamata a ƙera hanyar haske don dacewa da yankin aiki na photodiode da amsa na kusurwa. Ana iya amfani da ruwan tabarau, buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido, ko tacewa don sarrafa filin gani, ƙi tsawon raƙuman ruwan da ba'a so (kamar hasken yanayi), ko mayar da hankali kan haske zuwa yankin mai hankali. Don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarfin hasken yanayi, tacewar haske da ya dace da tsawon raƙuman ruwan tushe (misali, tacewar bandpass na 940nm) zai iya inganta rabon sigina zuwa amo sosai.
8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Babban bambance-bambancen PD204-6C a cikin ajinsa (3mm PIN photodiodes) shine haɗin kai nababban sauri (lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na 6ns)dakyakkyawan hankali (3.5 µA a 1 mW/cm²). Wasu na'urorin masu fafatawa na iya ba da fifiko ga ɗaya halayen fiye da ɗayan. Kololuwar hankali na 940nm daidaitacce ne ga tsarin IR, amma masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar kololuwar amsa a wasu tsawon raƙuman ruwa (misali, 850nm don wasu sadarwa) za su buƙaci zaɓar bambance-bambance daban. Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (10 nA matsakaici) shima kyakkyawan sifa ne don gano haske mara kyau.
9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gajeren kewayen (ISC) da ƙarfin lantarki na hasken juya baya (IL)?
A: ISCana auna shi tare da ƙarfin lantarki sifili a kan diode (gajeren kewayen). ILana auna shi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun jujjuyawar baya (misali, 5V). A cikin photodiode mai kyau, za su kasance daidai. A aikace, ILa ƙarƙashin matsakaicin jujjuyawar baya sau da yawa yana kusa da ISCkuma shine sigar da ake amfani da ita don ƙira a cikin yanayin photoconductive.
Q: Me yasa aka ƙayyade lokacin tashi tare da resistor na kaya 100Ω?
A: Ana amfani da ƙaramin resistor na kaya don rage lokacin RC, yana ba da damar ma'aunin ya nuna ainihin saurin photodiode da kansa, ba saurin da aka iyakance ta babban resistor da aka zaɓa ba. A cikin ainihin kewayen, ingantaccen kaya na iya bambanta.
Q: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan photodiode tare da LED shuɗi (450nm)?
A: Ee, amma ba daidai ba. Lanƙwasa hankalin bakan hasken yana nuna yana da ƙananan amsawa a 450nm idan aka kwatanta da 940nm. Za ku sami raunannen sigina don ƙarfin haske iri ɗaya. Don mafi kyawun aiki tare da tushen shuɗi, ya kamata a zaɓi photodiode tare da kololuwar hankali a yankin shuɗi.
10. Ka'idojin Aiki
PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce mai faɗi, mara nauyi na asali (I) yanki wanda aka lulluɓe tsakanin yankuna na P-type da N-type. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor suka shiga cikin yankin asali, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa. A ƙarƙashin tasirin yuwuwar gina ciki (a cikin yanayin photovoltaic) ko jujjuyawar baya da aka yi amfani da ita (a cikin yanayin photoconductive), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna watse, suna haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na hoto wanda za'a iya aunawa wanda yayi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ke faruwa. Faɗin yankin asali yana rage ƙarfin haɗin kai (yana ba da damar babban sauri) kuma yana ƙara ƙarar shan photon (yana inganta hankali), musamman ga tsawon raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke shiga cikin silicon mai zurfi.
11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
Harka: Gano Abu a cikin Ƙofar Atomatik
An sanya LED infrared (mai fitarwa a 940nm) da photodiode na PD204-6C a ɓangarorin ƙofar don samar da na'urar gano katako da aka watsa. Ana buga LED a wasu kHz don bambanta sigina daga hasken yanayi. Photodiode yana cikin jujjuyawar baya a 5V ta hanyar resistor na kaya. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada (babu toshewa), photodiode yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki na AC mai tsayi. Lokacin da mutum ko abu ya karya katako, sigina ya faɗi. Amplifier na gaba, tacewa (don wucewa mitar daidaitawa), da kewayen kwatanta suna gano wannan faɗuwar kuma suna kunna hanyar buɗe ƙofar. Babban saurin PD204-6C yana tabbatar da cewa zai iya biye da siginar LED da aka daidaita da aminci, kuma kololuwar hankalinsa na 940nm yana haɓaka ƙarfin siginar da aka karɓa daga LED infrared da ya dace.
12. Trends na Masana'antu
Trend a cikin fasahar photodiode don aikace-aikacen azanci yana ci gaba zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, ƙananan amo, da ingantaccen aiki. Wannan ya haɗa da na'urori tare da amplifiers na transimpedance akan guntu, fasali na ƙin hasken yanayi, da fitarwa na dijital (ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun ADCs). Hakanan akwai ci gaba a cikin kayan bayan silicon (misali, InGaAs) don faɗaɗɗen gano kewayon infrared. Don daidaitattun aikace-aikacen masana'antu kamar waɗanda PD204-6C ke yi, abin da ake mayar da hankali akai har yanzu shine dogaro, ingancin farashi, da daidaiton aiki a cikin samar da girma. Tuƙin ƙananan ƙira kuma yana tura photodiodes a cikin ƙananan fakiti na saman-mount yayin da yake kiyayewa ko inganta sigogin aikin haske.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |