Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SIR234 3mm Infrared LED - Diamita 3.0mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.6V - Tsawon Raɗin 875nm - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 150mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfurin

SIR234 wata diode ce mai fitar da infrared mai ƙarfi, an saka ta cikin fakitin filastik mai shuɗi mai gani na 3mm (T-1). An tsara ta don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitar da infrared tare da daidaitaccen daidaitawa ga na'urorin gano haske na silicon, phototransistors, da kuma na'urorin karɓar infrared. Na'urar tana da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba kuma an gina ta ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar, masu bin ka'idojin RoHS, kuma ba su da halogen, suna bin ka'idojin EU REACH.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Ingantacciyar aminci da dogon rayuwar aiki.
• Siffar ƙarami tare da daidaitaccen tazarar jagora na 2.54mm don sauƙin haɗawa da PCB.
• Ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba, yana taimakawa wajen aiki mai inganci na makamashi.
• Kyakkyawan daidaitawa na bakan haske tare da na'urorin gano haske na silicon na gama-gari, yana inganta karɓar siginar.
• Ginin da ya dace da muhalli (Ba shi da gubar, Ba shi da Halogen, RoHS, REACH).

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED infrared ya dace da nau'ikan tsarin lantarki da na gani. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da tsarin watsa iska kyauta don na'urorin sarrafa nesa, maɓallan lantarki da na gani don gano abubuwa da ƙidaya, na'urorin gano hayaƙi, nau'ikan tsarin gano infrared, da haɗawa cikin tsofaffin na'urorin ajiya kamar na'urorin faifai.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙimar Ƙima

Waɗannan ƙimar suna bayyana iyakokin da wucewarsu na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (I_F): 100 mA
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba na Kololuwa (I_FP): 1.0 A (Faɗin bugun jini ≤ 100μs, Tsarin Aiki ≤ 1%)
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (V_R): 5 V
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Solder (T_sol): 260°C (na ≤ dakika 5)
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 150 mW (a ko ƙasa da zazzabin yanayi na 25°C)

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani

An auna a zazzabin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C, waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Ƙarfin Haske (E_e):
  • A I_F= 20mA: Na al'ada 9.3 mW/sr (Mafi ƙarancin 5.6 mW/sr).
  • A I_F= 100mA (bugun jini): Na al'ada 35 mW/sr.
  • A I_F= 1A (bugun jini): Na al'ada 350 mW/sr.
• Tsawon Raɗin Kololuwa (λ_p): 875 nm (na al'ada a I_F=20mA).
• Faɗin Bakan Haske (Δλ): 80 nm (na al'ada a I_F=20mA).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):
  • A I_F= 20mA: 1.3V (Min), 1.6V (Typ).
  • A I_F= 100mA (bugun jini): 1.4V (Typ), 1.8V (Max).
  • A I_F= 1A (bugun jini): 2.6V (Typ), 4.0V (Max).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (I_R): ≤ 10 μA a V_R= 5V.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): digiri 30 (na al'ada).

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

SIR234 yana samuwa a cikin nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban ko \"kwandon\" dangane da ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urar da ta dace da takamaiman buƙatun fitarwa don aikace-aikacensu.

Yanayin Aunawa: I_F= 20mA, T_a= 25°C.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Zazzabin Yanayi

Lanƙwasa rage ƙima yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba mai ci gaba ke raguwa yayin da zazzabin yanayi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C don hana wuce iyakar ragewar wutar lantarki.

4.2 Rarraba Bakan Haske

Jadawalin fitarwa na bakan haske ya tabbatar da fitarwa mafi girma a 875nm tare da faɗin bakan na al'ada na 80nm, yana tabbatar da daidaitawa da na'urorin gano haske na silicon waɗanda ke da mafi girman hankali a yankin infrared na kusa.

4.3 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana kwatanta alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ƙarancin V na al'ada_Fna 1.6V a 20mA yana nuna aiki mai inganci, amma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa sosai a ƙarƙashin manyan ƙarfin bugun jini (misali, 1A).

4.4 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske vs. Matsakaicin Kusurwa

Wannan jadawalin yana bayyana tsarin fitarwa na sararin samaniya, yana nuna kusurwar rabin digiri 30 inda ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa 50% na ƙimar kololuwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙira haɗin gani da daidaitawa.

4.5 Dogaro da Zazzabi na Tsawon Raɗi da Ƙarfi

Lanƙwasan sun nuna cewa tsawon raɗin kololuwa yana motsi kaɗan, kuma ƙarfin haske yakan ragu yayin da zazzabin haɗuwa ya tashi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen daidaito.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

SIR234 yana amfani da daidaitaccen fakitin zagaye T-1 (diamita 3mm). Manyan girmansu sun haɗa da diamita na jiki na 3.0mm, matsakaicin tazarar jagora na 2.54mm (inci 0.1), da tsayin gabaɗaya. Duk ƙimar girmansu ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Ana gano cathode ta wurin wuri mai lebur a gefen fakitin da/ko gajeriyar jagora.

6. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

• Solder da Hannu: Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zazzabi. Iyakance lokacin solder kowane jagora zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3 a zazzabin da bai wuce 350°C ba.
• Solder na Wave/Reflow: Na'urar za ta iya jure matsakaicin zazzabin solder na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, kamar yadda iyakar ƙimar ƙima ta nuna.
• Tsaftacewa: Yi amfani da kaushi masu dacewa waɗanda suka dace da epoxy filastik mai shuɗi mai gani.
• Yanayin Ajiya: Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, maras lantarki a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zazzabi na -40°C zuwa +85°C. A guji bayyanawa ga yawan danshi.

7. Bayanin Fakitin & Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin

Ana sanya raka'o'i a cikin jakunkuna: 200 zuwa 1000 guda a kowace jaka. Ana sanya jakunkuna biyar cikin akwati ɗaya, sannan ana sanya akwatuna goma cikin babban akwati ɗaya.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar samfurin ta haɗa da maɓalli masu mahimmanci: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (P/N), Adadin Fakitin (QTY), Matsayi na Aiki (CAT), Tsawon Raɗin Kololuwa (HUE), da Lambar Lot (LOT No).

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Don aiki mai ci gaba, ana buƙatar mai iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai sauƙi a jere. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Don aikin bugun jini don cimma mafi girman ƙarfin kololuwa, tabbatar da cewa da'irar direba za ta iya samar da bugun jini da ake buƙata a cikin ƙayyadadden faɗi da iyakoki na tsarin aiki (≤100μs, ≤1%).

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Korar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Kada a taɓa wuce iyakar ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba ko na bugun jini. Yi amfani da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsayayye ko resistor na jere da aka ƙididdige da kyau don aiki mai aminci.
• Sanyaya Zafi: Duk da cewa fakitin ƙarami ne, don aiki mai ci gaba a manyan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko a cikin ƙarin zazzabin yanayi, yi la'akari da dabarun shimfidar PCB (kafetun taimakon zafi, zubar da tagulla) don taimakawa rage zafi da kiyaye aiki.
• Ƙira ta Gani: Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 30 da tsawon raɗin 875nm yakamata a daidaita su tare da filin duba da hankalin bakan haske na mai karɓar siginar (photodiode, phototransistor, ko IC mai karɓar IR) don mafi kyawun rabo siginar zuwa amo.
• Kariya daga Juzu'in PolarityƘarfin wutar lantarki na baya da ya wuce 5V na iya lalata LED. Haɗa kariya idan polarity na wadata zai iya juyawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

SIR234 ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa da daidaitaccen fakitin 3mm, ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi (har zuwa 24 mW/sr a cikin kwandon P), da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu tsofaffin LED na IR ko na gama-gari, ƙayyadaddun bayanansa da aka ba da garantin don aikin bugun jini (kololuwa 1A) da bayyanannen bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, Ba Halogen, REACH) sun sa ya dace da buƙatun ƙira na zamani.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

10.1 Menene manufar fakitin shuɗi mai gani?

Filastik shuɗi yana aiki azaman tace mai wucewa gajeren raɗi, yana hana hasken da ake iya gani daga waje (wanda zai iya haifar da amo a cikin mai gano) yayin da yake ba da damar hasken infrared na 875nm daga guntu ya wuce cikin inganci. Hakanan yana ba da kariya ta injiniya da muhalli.

10.2 Zan iya korar wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V?

A'a. Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller yawanci ba zai iya samar da 20mA ba tare da haɗari ba, kuma tabbas ba zai iya samar da bugun jini na 100mA ko 1A ba. Dole ne ku yi amfani da da'irar direba ta waje, kamar transistor (BJT ko MOSFET) da fil ɗin MCU ke sarrafawa, don sauya mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki da LED ke buƙata.

10.3 Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon (L, M, N, P)?

Zaɓi bisa ga ƙarfin haske da ake buƙata don kasafin hanyar haɗin aikace-aikacenku (nisa, hankalin mai gano). Don nisa mai nisa ko ƙananan masu gano, mafi girman kwandon (N ko P) ya fi dacewa. Don aikace-aikacen ɗan gajeren zango, ƙananan kwandon (L ko M) na iya isa kuma mai tsada.

10.4 Me ya sa ƙarfin wutar gaba ya fi girma a bugun jini na 1A idan aka kwatanta da 20mA?

Wannan ya faru ne saboda juriyar jeri na ciki na guntun semiconductor da igiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ke ƙaruwa, raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan wannan juriya (V = I * R) yana ƙaruwa sosai, yana haifar da mafi girman jimillar ƙarfin wutar gaba.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Gano Abu a cikin Injin Sayarwa.An sanya LED na SIR234 da phototransistor masu dacewa a ɓangarorin gabaɗaya na ramin samfurin. Ana korar LED tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba na 20mA (An zaɓi Kwandon M don fitarwa mai daidaito). Lokacin da babu wani abu, phototransistor yana karɓar katakon IR kuma yana gudanarwa. Lokacin da samfurin ya faɗi ta cikin ramin, ya katse katakon, yana haifar da fitarwa na phototransistor ya canza yanayi. Ana kai wannan siginar zuwa mai sarrafa injin don tabbatar da rarraba samfurin. Katakon digiri 30 yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ganowa ko da tare da ɗan kuskuren injiniya akan lokaci.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Diode mai fitar da hasken Infrared (IR LED) diode ce ta semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka nuna bambanci gaba (ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau da aka yi amfani da shi ga anode dangane da cathode), electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan takamaiman na'urar, wanda aka yi daga Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs), ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko a matsayin photons na hasken infrared tare da tsayin raɗin kololuwa na 875 nanometers, wanda idon ɗan adam ba ya gani amma na'urorin gano silicon za su iya gano shi.

13. Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin masu fitar da infrared don gano ci gaba ne zuwa ga mafi girman inganci, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ƙarin haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da na'urori tare da direbobi na cikin gida, fitarwa mai daidaitawa don kariya daga amo, da kuma fakitin da ake hawa a saman (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik. Duk da yake abubuwan da suka shiga ramuka kamar fakitin T-1 na 3mm sun kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙira, gyare-gyare, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, sabbin ƙira suna ƙara fifita bambance-bambancen SMD saboda ƙaramin sawun sawunsu da dacewa don samarwa mai yawa. Ƙarfafa bin ka'idojin muhalli (RoHS, ba halogen) yanzu buƙatu ce ta al'ada a duk faɗin masana'antar lantarki.