PD204-6B 3mm Photodiode Datasheet - Diamita 3mm - Ƙarfin Juyawa 32V - Mafi Girman Hankali 940nm - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD204-6B babban aikin silicon PIN photodiode ne wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin amsawa da babban hankali ga haske a cikin bakan da ake iya gani da kusa da infrared. An ajiye shi a cikin daidaitaccen kunna baƙar fata mai diamita 3mm, wannan na'urar an ƙera ta don samar da ingantattun ikon gani na gani. Amsar sa ta bakan an daidaita ta musamman don haɓaka fitilun da ake iya gani da infrared (IREDs), yana mai da shi cikakken ɓangaren mai karɓa a cikin tsarin na'urorin gani. An gina na'urar da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma suna bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa, yana tabbatar da dacewa ga masana'antar lantarki ta zamani.

2. Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci da Fa'idodi na Asali

PD204-6B ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar halaye masu mahimmanci na aiki da yawa waɗanda ke biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen gani masu ƙarfi.

• Saurin Lokacin Amsa:Na'urar tana nuna lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na yau da kullun na nanoseconds 6 (ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji na VR=10V, RL=100Ω), yana ba da damar gano sauye-sauye cikin sauri a cikin ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da watsa bayanai, gano abu, da ma'auni masu mahimmanci na lokaci.
• Babban Hankali na Hotuna:Tare da gajeriyar yanzu na yau da kullun (I_SC) na 3.0 μA ƙarƙashin hasken haske na 1 mW/cm² a 940nm, photodiode yana samar da ƙaƙƙarfan siginar lantarki daga ƙananan matakan haske, yana inganta rabo siginar zuwa amo da amincin tsarin.
• Ƙananan Ƙarfin Haɗin gwiwa:Ƙananan jimlar ƙarfin aiki na yau da kullun (C_t) na 5 pF a VR=5V da 1MHz yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin amsawa kuma yana ba da damar aiki a cikin mafi girman kewayen bandwidth ba tare da lalacewar siginar mai mahimmanci ba.
• Ginin Ƙarfi:Na'urar tana da ruwan tabarau baƙar fata, wanda ke taimakawa rage tsangwama na hasken yanayi da ba a so, kuma an kunna shi a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, daidaitaccen tsarin masana'antu na 3mm.
• Yin bin Ƙa'idodin Muhalli:Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma an tsara shi don ci gaba da bin ka'idojin RoHS da EU REACH, yana magance ƙa'idodin muhalli da aminci na duniya.

3. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Fahimtar ƙayyadaddun lantarki da na gani yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da haɗin kai.

3.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za a iya lalata na'urar dindindin. Ya kamata a ci gaba da aiki koyaushe a cikin waɗannan iyakokin.

• Ƙarfin Juyawa (V_R):32 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin juyawa mai ban sha'awa a cikin tashoshin photodiode.
• Rage Ƙarfi (P_C):150 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin iska kyauta. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa tare da haɓakar yanayin yanayi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lankwasa rage ƙima.
• Yanayin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki daidai a cikin wannan faɗin kewayon zafin masana'antu.
• Yanayin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder (T_sol):260°C. Wannan yana jagorantar sigogin tsarin solder na sake kunnawa.

3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Ƙimar yau da kullun tana wakiltar cibiyar rarraba, yayin da ƙananan ƙima da matsakaicin ƙima ke ayyana iyakokin da aka garantiyya.

• Amsar Bakan:Photodiode yana da hankali a cikin kewayon kusan 840 nm zuwa 1100 nm (a maki 0.5 na amsa dangi), tare da madaidaicin hankali (λ_P) a 940 nm. Wannan ya sa ya dace daidai don haɗawa da fitilun infrared na 940nm.
• Samar da Photocurrent:
  • Gajeriyar Yanzu (I_SC):Typ. 3.0 μA a E_e=1mW/cm², λ_p=940nm. Wannan shine halin yanzu da aka samar tare da sifili volts a kan diode (yanayin hasken rana).
  • Juyawa Hasken Yanzu (I_L):Min. 1.0 μA, Typ. 3.0 μA a E_e=1mW/cm², λ_p=940nm, V_R=5V. Wannan shine halin yanzu lokacin da diode ke juyawa mai ban sha'awa, wanda shine yanayin aiki na yau da kullun don sauri da layi.
• Duhu Halin Yanzu (I_D):Max. 10 nA a V_R=10V, E_e=0mW/cm². Wannan shine ƙaramin halin yanzu na ɓarna wanda ke gudana lokacin da babu haske. Ƙananan halin yanzu na duhu yana da mahimmanci don gano raunin siginar haske.
• Buɗaɗɗen Ƙarfin Lantarki (V_OC):Typ. 0.42 V a E_e=1mW/cm², λ_p=940nm. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki da aka samar a cikin buɗaɗɗen kewaye a ƙarƙashin haske.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C_t):Typ. 5 pF a V_R=5V, f=1MHz. Wannan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana shafar RC lokaci akai kuma don haka bandwidth na da'irar gani.
• Saurin Amsa (t_r/t_f):Typ. 6 ns a V_R=10V, R_L=100Ω. Yana ayyana yadda saurin fitarwa zai iya bin canjin hasken shigarwa.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske game da yadda sigogi ke bambanta da yanayin aiki.

4.1 Rage Ƙarfi daidai da Yanayin Yanayi

Lankwasa rage ƙima yana nuna cewa matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake iya amfani da shi yana raguwa a layi daya yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi sama da 25°C. Dole ne masu zane su tabbatar da wurin aiki (juyawa ƙarfin lantarki * photocurrent + halin yanzu na duhu) bai wuce wannan lankwasa ba don hana kwararar zafi.

4.2 Hankali na Bakan

Lankwasa amsa na bakan yana kwatanta madaidaicin hankali na photodiode a matsayin aikin tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940nm da kuma bandwidth mai amfani daga kusan 840nm zuwa 1100nm. Kayan ruwan tabarau baƙar fata suna siffanta wannan amsa, suna tace wasu gajerun raƙuman ruwa.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunna

PD204-6B yana amfani da daidaitaccen radial-leaded, kunna mai diamita 3mm.

5.1 Girman Kunna

Zanen girma yana ba da ma'auni masu mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da haɗin injiniya. Maɓallan girma sun haɗa da diamita gabaɗaya (3mm), tazarar jagora, diamita jagora, da tsayin kayan. Duk ƙimar da ba a ƙayyade ba ±0.25mm ne. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar dogon jagora ko fili a gefen kunna.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci. Na'urar diode ce. Anode shine gajeren jagora ko jagora kusa da gefen fili na kunna. Yin amfani da juyawa mai ban sha'awa (ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki zuwa cathode, mara kyau ga anode) shine daidaitaccen yanayin aiki don yanayin photoconductive.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

• Solder Sake kunnawa:An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin solder a matsayin 260°C. Daidaitattun bayanan sake kunnawa na infrared ko convection don ƙungiyoyin da ba su da gubar suna aiki. Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa ya kamata a sarrafa shi bisa ga ƙa'idodin masana'antu don hana lalacewar kunna.
• Solder Hannu:Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki. Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar ƙasa da dakika 3 a kowace jagora a zafin da bai wuce 350°C ba don guje wa damuwa na zafi akan kunna filastik da kuma cikin semiconductor die.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da wakilan tsaftacewa masu dacewa da kayan epoxy na filastik baƙar fata. Guji tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic sai dai idan an tabbatar da amincin kayan.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin bushe, muhalli mara aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki -40°C zuwa +100°C. Yi amfani da shi cikin watanni 12 daga ranar jigilar kaya don garantin bin ƙayyadaddun bayanan da aka buga.

7. Bayanan Kunna da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunna

Ana kunna samfurin a cikin jakunkunan anti-static. Daidaitaccen adadin kunna shine 200 zuwa 1000 guda a kowace jaka. Ana kunna jakunkuna huɗu zuwa cikin akwati ɗaya na ciki, kuma ana jigilar akwati ɗaya na ciki a cikin wani akwati na waje.

7.2 Bayanan Lakabi

Lakabin jakar yana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanan gano asali da bayanan samfur, gami da Lambar Bangare (P/N), adadi (QTY), lambar kuri'a (LOT No.), da lambar kwanan wata. Ba a bin ko a jera samfurin don takamaiman sigogi kamar ƙarfin haske ko tsayin raƙuman ruwa; ana ba da shi zuwa daidaitaccen teburin halayen lantarki da na gani.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Daidaitattun Kewayen Aikace-aikace

PD204-6B ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin manyan tsarin da'ira guda biyu:

1. Yanayin Photoconductive (Juyawa-Bias):Wannan shine yanayin da aka fi so don sauri da aiki na layi. Ana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa (misali, 5V zuwa 10V, tsayawa ƙasa da V_R=32V). Photocurrent (I_L) yana gudana ta cikin resistor kaya (R_L). Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan R_Lsiginar fitarwa ce. Karamin R_Lyana ba da saurin amsawa amma ƙananan fitarwa na ƙarfin lantarki. Ana yawan amfani da amplifier transimpedance (TIA) don canza photocurrent zuwa ƙarfin lantarki tare da babban riba da bandwidth.
2. Yanayin Photovoltaic (Zero-Bias):Ana haɗa photodiode kai tsaye zuwa babban nauyin nauyi (kamar shigarwar op-amp). Yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki (V_OC) daidai da ƙarfin haske. Wannan yanayin yana ba da ƙananan amo amma yana da amsa mai sauƙi kuma ba shi da layi.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Biasing:Don mafi kyawun sauri da layi, yi aiki a cikin juyawa mai ban sha'awa. Tabbatar cewa ƙarfin lantarki mai ban sha'awa tare da kowane ƙarfin lantarki na siginar bai wuce matsakaicin 32V ba.
• Bandwidth da Load:Jimlar ƙarfin (photodiode + amplifier shigarwa) da juriya kaya / suna samar da babban sandar iyakance bandwidth (BW ≈ 1/(2πRC)). Zaɓi R_Lko TIA resistor amsawa daidai.
• Yin watsi da Hasken Yanayi:Ruwan tabarau baƙar fata yana taimakawa, amma ga manyan wuraren hasken yanayi, yi la'akari da tace gani (misali, tace bandpass na 940nm) da daidaita tushen IR tare da gano aiki tare.
• Shimfidar PCB:Ka kiyaye photodiode kusa da shigarwar amplifier don rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ɗaukar amo. Yi amfani da filin ƙasa don kariya. Bypass samar da bias tare da capacitor kusa da na'urar.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da phototransistors, PD204-6B PIN photodiode yana ba da lokutan amsawa da sauri (nanoseconds vs. microseconds) da mafi kyawun layi a cikin faɗin kewayon ƙarfin haske. Ba shi da riba na ciki, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan fitarwa na yanzu amma kuma ƙananan dogaro da zafin jiki da kuma mafi yawan hasashen aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran photodiodes, haɗin kunna 3mm, madaidaicin hankali 940nm, ƙarfin juyawa 32V, da saurin sauri ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai fa'ida don gani na infrared na gabaɗaya.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin I_SCda I_L?

A: I_SC(Gajeriyar Yanzu) ana auna shi tare da sifili volts a kan diode. I_L(Juyawa Hasken Yanzu) ana auna shi tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa da aka yi amfani da shi. I_Lyawanci yana kusa da I_SCkuma shine ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi don ƙira a cikin yanayin juyawa mai ban sha'awa na gama gari.

Q: Ta yaya zan canza photocurrent zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai amfani?

A: Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce resistor kaya (V_out= I_L* R_L). Don mafi kyawun aiki, yi amfani da amplifier transimpedance, wanda ke ba da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na ƙasa a cathode photodiode, yana haɓaka sauri da layi, kuma yana ba da V_out= -I_L* R_feedback.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan tare da tushen haske da ake iya gani?

A: Ee, amma tare da rage hankali. Lankwasa amsa na bakan yana nuna yana da hankali har zuwa tsayin raƙuman da ake iya gani, amma kololuwar sa yana cikin infrared. Don mafi kyawun aiki tare da tushen da ake iya gani, photodiode tare da kololuwa a cikin bakan da ake iya gani (misali, 550-650nm) zai fi dacewa.

Q: Menene manufar gwajin ƙarfin rushewar juyawa (V_BR)?

A: Gwajin inganci da ƙarfi ne, yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki wanda diode ke shiga cikin rushewar avalanche. Aikin al'ada ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da wannan ƙimar (yawanci amfani da V_Rna 5V-10V).

11. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Misali 1: Na'urar Gano Kusanci a cikin Kofa ta atomatik.An sanya LED IR (940nm) da PD204-6B a kowane gefen ƙofar. Lokacin da katako ba a katse shi ba, ana gano tsayayyen photocurrent. Lokacin da mutum ya karya katako, faɗuwar photocurrent yana haifar da hanyar buɗe kofa. Saurin amsawar PD204-6B yana tabbatar da gano nan take.

Misali 2: Gano Takarda a cikin Kwafi.Ana iya amfani da photodiode don gano kasancewar takarda ko rashin ta ta hanyar nuna katako IR daga saman takarda. Babban hankali yana ba shi damar yin aiki tare da takardu masu ƙarancin haske, kuma ƙaramin kunna ya dace da ƙunƙuntattun wurare.

Misali 3: Hanyar Haɗin Bayanai Mai Sauƙi.Ta hanyar daidaita LED IR a mitar cikin bandwidth na photodiode (wanda zai iya zama MHz da yawa tare da ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira), ana iya amfani da PD204-6B don ɗan gajeren zango, ƙananan sadarwar mara waya, kamar a cikin sarrafa nesa ko telemetry na firikwensin.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce mai faɗi, mara nauyi, yanki na asali (I) wanda ke tsakanin yankunan P-type da N-type. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor suka sha a cikin yankin na asali, suna haifar da nau'ikan rami na electron. Ƙarƙashin tasirin yuwuwar gini na ciki (a cikin yanayin hasken rana) ko filin lantarki mai juyawa da aka yi amfani da shi (a cikin yanayin photoconductive), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji sun watse, suna haifar da photocurrent wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Faɗin yanki na asali yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (yana ba da damar babban sauri) kuma yana ƙara ƙarar sha na photon (inganta hankali).

13. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Photodiodes kamar PD204-6B sune mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin fagen haɓaka na optoelectronics da gani. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka haɗin kai tare da haɓakawa akan-chip da daidaita siginar (misali, a cikin ingantattun firikwensin gani), buƙatun mafi girma don tallafawa LiDAR da sadarwar gani, da buƙatun ƙananan girman kunna don kayan lantarki na mabukaci da na'urorin IoT. Hakanan akwai ci gaba da tuƙi don ingantaccen aiki a cikin faɗin kewayon zafin jiki da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Na'urori tare da sawun ƙafa na yau da kullun da ingantaccen aiki, kamar wannan, sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga ɗimbin aikace-aikacen gani na masana'antu, kasuwanci, da motoci inda aminci da inganci suka fi mahimmanci.

Disclaimer: Bayanan da aka bayar a cikin wannan takarda don nuni ne na fasaha. Masu zane ya kamata su tabbatar da duk sigogi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen su. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga ba dole ba ne a wuce. Mai kera bai ɗauki alhaki ba ga aikace-aikacen da ba su dace da ƙayyadaddun bayanan da aka bayar ba.