ELT302X ELT305X Jerin Bayanin Fotokopula - 4-Pin DIP Kunshin - 400V/600V Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki - Mai Gudanar da Triac na Lokaci Bazuwar - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ELT302X da ELT305X jerin suna da 4-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP) mai gudanar da triac na lokaci bazuwar. Waɗannan na'urorin an tsara su don samar da keɓewar lantarki da ikon gudanarwa don sarrafa nauyin AC ta amfani da triac. Sun ƙunshi Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) infrared light-emitting diode (LED) wanda aka haɗa da haske zuwa monolithic silicon random-phase phototriac. Babban aikin shine haɗa ƙananan da'irori na sarrafa lantarki (kamar microcontrollers) tare da manyan triac na wutar lantarki AC, yana ba da damar sarrafa nauyin resistive da inductive mai aiki daga 115VAC zuwa 240VAC mai amfani.

Babban abin banbancewa a cikin jerin shine kololuwar ƙarfin toshewa: jerin ELT302X an ƙididdige shi don 400V, yayin da jerin ELT305X an ƙididdige shi don 600V. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar na'urar da ta dace bisa ƙarfin layin su da kuma gefen aminci da ake buƙata. Na'urorin suna da babban ƙarfin keɓewa na 5000 Vrms tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga amincin mai amfani da amincin tsarin. Suna bin ka'idojin aminci na ƙasashen duniya daban-daban ciki har da UL, cUL, VDE, kuma an tsara su don zama marasa halogen da kuma bin ka'idojin RoHS.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya

• Babban Ƙarfin Keɓewa:Keɓewar 5000 Vrms yana tabbatar da keɓancewar aminci tsakanin da'irori na sarrafawa da na wutar lantarki.
• Ƙididdigar Ƙarfin Lantarki Biyu:400V (ELT302X) da 600V (ELT305X) zaɓuɓɓukan kololuwar ƙarfin toshewa.
• Ƙaddamar da Lokaci Bazuwar:Ana iya kunna phototriac a kowane lokaci a cikin zagayowar ƙarfin lantarki AC, yana ba da sassauci ga tsare-tsaren sarrafawa daban-daban.
• Kunshin DIP Mai Ƙarfi:Daidaitaccen 4-pin DIP wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai, kunshin rami wanda ke da sauƙin ƙirƙira samfurin farko da kera shi.
• Amincewar Aminci ta Duniya:An tabbatar da shi ta UL (E214129), cUL, VDE (40028391), SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO, da CQC.
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Marasa halogen (Br < 900ppm, Cl < 900ppm, Br+Cl < 1500ppm), masu bin ka'idojin RoHS, da kuma bin ka'idojin EU REACH.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Waɗannan fotokopulolin sun dace da faffadan aikace-aikacen sauyawa da sarrafa AC, ciki har da:

• Sarrafa solenoid da bawuloli a cikin kayan aiki da kayan masana'antu.
• Matsakaicin sauyawar wutar lantarki AC da na'urorin riƙon lantarki mai ƙarfi.
• Haɗa microprocessors ko da'irori na dabaru zuwa na'urorin 115/240VAC.
• Matsakaicin haske na fitila da ballasts na haske.
• Sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin masu dumama da tanda.
• Sarrafa motoci na fansa, famfo, da ƙananan kayan aiki.

2. Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Madaidaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar akai-akai a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Shigarwa (Bangaren LED):Matsakaicin gaba gaba na halin yanzu (I_F) shine 60 mA. Matsakaicin juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki (V_R) shine 6 V. Ragewar wutar lantarki (P_D) shine 100 mW a 25°C, ragewa da 3.8 mW/°C sama da 85°C.
• Fitarwa (Bangaren Triac):Ƙarfin lantarki na tasha (V_DRM) shine 400V don ELT302X da 600V don ELT305X. Matsakaicin maimaitawar halin yanzu (I_TSM) shine 1 A. Ragewar wutar lantarki (P_C) shine 300 mW a 25°C, ragewa da 7.4 mW/°C sama da 85°C.
• Dukkan Na'urar:Jimlar ragewar wutar lantarki (P_TOT) bai kamata ya wuce 330 mW ba. Ƙarfin keɓewa (V_ISO) shine 5000 Vrms na minti 1. Kewayon zafin jiki na aiki (T_OPR) shine -55°C zuwa +100°C. Zafin ajiya (T_STG) shine -55°C zuwa +125°C. Zafin gyaɗa (T_SOL) shine 260°C na dakika 10.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a 25°C.

Halayen Shigarwa (LED):

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Yawanci 1.18V, matsakaicin 1.5V a I_F= 10 mA.
• Juzu'in Zubar da Halin Yanzu (I_R): Matsakaicin 10 µA a V_R= 6V.

Halayen Fitarwa (Phototriac):

• Matsakaicin Halin Toshewa (I_DRM): Matsakaicin 100 nA a ƙimar V_DRMtare da I_F= 0 mA.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Kan-jiha (V_TM): Matsakaicin 2.5V a I_TM= 100 mA kololuwa da ƙimar halin yanzu na LED mai ƙaddamarwa.
• Matsakaicin Adadin Tashi na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Tasha (dv/dt): Mafi ƙarancin 100 V/µs don ELT302X a ƙimar V_DRM. Don ELT305X, shine 1000 V/µs a V_PEAK= 400V. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna juriyar na'urar ga ƙaddamarwa na ƙarya daga saurin tashin ƙarfin lantarki.

Halayen Canja wuri (Haɗawa):

• Halin Yanzu na Ƙaddamarwa na LED (I_FT): Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin halin yanzu na LED da ake buƙata don kunna triac na fitarwa tare da babban ƙarfin lantarki na 3V. An rarraba shi zuwa matakai uku: 15 mA matsakaici (ELT3021/3051), 10 mA matsakaici (ELT3022/3052), da 5 mA matsakaici (ELT3023/3053). Zaɓin ƙananan I_FTmataki yana rage halin yanzu da ake buƙata daga da'irar sarrafawa.
• Halin Yanzu na Riƙewa (I_H): Yawanci 250 µA. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin halin yanzu wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudana ta cikin triac don kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin kunna bayan an kunna shi.

3. Binciken Aiki da Aikace-aikace

3.1 Aikin dv/dt da Ma'auni

Takardar bayanai tana ba da cikakken da'irar gwaji da hanyar auna ƙarfin dv/dt na tsaye. Ana amfani da bugun jini mai ƙarfin lantarki zuwa fitarwa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar RC. Ana bambanta juriya (R_TEST) don canza lokacin tashin ƙarfin lantarki (τ = R*C). Ana rubuta ƙimar dv/dt wacce na'urar ta fara ƙaddamarwa ba da gangan ba (ba tare da halin yanzu na LED ba). Ana amfani da dabara dv/dt = 0.632 * V_PEAK/ τ_RCdon lissafi. Babban ƙimar dv/dt, kamar 1000 V/µs na ELT305X, yana da fa'ida a cikin yanayin lantarki mai hayaniya ko lokacin gudanar da nauyin inductive mai ƙarfi, saboda yana ba da juriya mafi girma ga ƙaddamarwa na ƙarya da ƙarfin lantarki ke haifarwa.

3.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Jagororin Aikace-aikace

Lokacin ƙira tare da waɗannan fotokopulolin, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa:

• Da'irar Gudanar da LED:Dole ne da'irar sarrafawa ta samar da isasshen halin yanzu don wuce I_FTna zaɓaɓɓen matakin na'urar. Resistan mai iyakance halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci. Ana iya gudanar da LED kai tsaye daga filin GPIO na microcontroller don ƙananan I_FTmatakai (misali, 5mA), amma mai yiwuwa ana buƙatar direban transistor don manyan matakai ko saurin sauyawa.
• Da'irori na Snubber:Lokacin sauyawa nauyin inductive (motoci, solenoids), hanyar sadarwar snubber (yawanci da'irar RC) a kan babban triac (ba fitarwar fotokopula ba) ana ba da shawarar sosai. Wannan yana danne ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana rage damuwa dv/dt akan duka babban triac da fotokopula, yana inganta aminci da rage EMI.
• Ragewar Zafi:Tabbatar cewa jimlar ragewar wutar lantarki (bangaren LED + bangaren Triac) bai wuce 330 mW ba, la'akari da ragewa tare da zafin jiki. Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko iskar iska na iya zama dole a cikin manyan yanayin zafi.
• Resistan Gate don Babban Triac:Ana haɗa fitarwar fotokopula zuwa ƙofar babban triac mai ƙarfi. Yawanci ana sanya resistor na gate (yawanci 100-1000 Ω) a jere don iyakance kololuwar halin yanzu na gate, rage raɗaɗi, da inganta juriyar hayaniya.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin da Nau'ikan

Ana ba da na'urorin a cikin manyan zaɓuɓɓukan siffar jagora guda uku a cikin shaci na 4-pin DIP:

• Daidaitaccen DIP:Kunshin rami tare da tazarar layi 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) da daidaitaccen tsawon jagora.
• Zaɓi M (Lankwasa Fadi):Kunshin rami tare da jagororin da aka lanƙwasa zuwa tazarar layi 0.4 inch (10.16 mm), wanda ya dace da faffadan alamun PCB ko takamaiman buƙatun shimfidawa.
• Zaɓi S1 (Haɗa Saman):Siffar jagora mai ƙaramin bayyanar. Yawanci ana ba da wannan zaɓi akan tef da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da shimfidar fakitin PCB da aka ba da shawarar don wannan nau'in SMD.

An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma na duka nau'ikan uku, gami da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin tsayawa.

4.2 Polariti da Saitin Fil

Pinout yana da daidaitaccen don fotokopula na 4-pin DIP:

1. Fil 1: Anode na shigarwar LED.
2. Fil 2: Cathode na shigarwar LED.
3. Fil 3: Babban Tasha 1 (MT1) na fitarwar phototriac.
4. Fil 4: Babban Tasha 2 (MT2) na fitarwar phototriac.

Wani digo ko tsaga akan kunshin yawanci yana gano Fil 1. Daidaitaccen polariti yana da mahimmanci ga bangaren LED don yin aiki. Fitarwar triac tana da alaƙa biyu, don haka polariti ba shi da mahimmanci sosai, amma al'adar da aka saba shine haɗa MT2 zuwa bangaren layin AC da MT1 zuwa resistor na gate wanda ke kaiwa zuwa ƙofar babban triac.

5. Bayanin Oda da Masana'antu

5.1 Tsarin Lambar Sashe

Lambar sashe tana bin tsari: ELT30[2 ko 5]X Y (Z) - V

• 30[2/5]:302 don ƙimar 400V, 305 don ƙimar 600V.
• X:Lambar sashe/matakin IFT (1, 2, ko 3 daidai da matsakaicin I_FTna 15mA, 10mA, 5mA).
• Y:Zaɓin siffar jagora: Babu (Daidaitaccen DIP), M (Lankwasa fadi), S1 (Haɗa saman).
• (Z):Zaɓin tef da reel don S1: TU ko TD (dangane da reel). An bar shi don kunshin bututu.
• -V:Ƙarin kari wanda ke nuna amincewar aminci na VDE.

Misali:ELT3053S1(TU)-V na'ura ce mai ƙimar 600V, tare da matsakaicin I_FTna 5mA, a cikin siffar jagora mai haɗawa saman, akan tef da reel na TU, tare da amincewar VDE.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Daidaitattun sassan DIP da Zaɓi M ana kunshin su a cikin bututun da ke ɗauke da raka'a 100. Sassan haɗawa saman na Zaɓi S1 suna samuwa akan tef da reel, tare da raka'a 1500 a kowane reel. An ba da cikakkun girmen tef (faɗi, tazarar aljihu, da sauransu) don dacewa da kayan aikin zaɓi da sanyawa ta atomatik.

5.3 Alamar Na'urar

Ana yiwa na'urori alama a saman kunshin. Alamar ta haɗa da: \"EL\" (lambar masana'anta), lambar na'urar (misali, T3053), lambar shekara mai lamba 1 (Y), lambar mako mai lamba 2 (WW), da harafin \"V\" idan shine sigar da aka amince da VDE.

6. Kwatance da Jagoran Zaɓi

Babban ma'aunin zaɓi tsakanin ELT302X da ELT305X shine ƙarfin toshewa da ake buƙata. Don aikace-aikacen 120VAC, na'urar 400V sau da yawa tana ba da isasshen gefen gado (kololuwar ƙarfin layi ~170V). Don aikace-aikacen 230VAC (kololuwa ~325V) ko a cikin yanayi tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki mai mahimmanci, ƙimar 600V na jerin ELT305X tana ba da gefen gado mafi aminci kuma gabaɗaya ana ba da shawarar.

A cikin kowane jerin, zaɓin I_FTmataki (1, 2, ko 3) ciniki ne tsakanin sauƙin da'irar gudanarwa da farashi. Mataki na 3 (5mA) shine mafi hankali kuma mafi sauƙin gudanarwa kai tsaye daga dabaru, amma yana iya zama ɗan tsada kaɗan. Mataki na 1 (15mA) yana buƙatar ƙarin halin yanzu na gudanarwa amma ana iya zaɓe saboda yuwuwar juriyar hayaniya mafi girma ko ƙaramin farashi.

Idan aka kwatanta da fotokopulolin marasa tsaka-tsaki, waɗannan na'urorin na lokaci bazuwar suna ba da fa'idar samun damar ƙaddamarwa a kowane lokaci a cikin zagayowar AC. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar raguwar kusurwar lokaci na fitilun fitila ko farawa mai laushi na motoci, inda ake buƙatar sarrafa wutar lantarki da ake bayarwa a kowane rabin zagayowar. Cinikin shine cewa sauyawa na lokaci bazuwar na iya haifar da ƙarin tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) fiye da sauyawa mara tsaka-tsaki.