Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
- 2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa
- 2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa
- 2.2.3 Halayen Canja wuri
- 3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya, Kunshin, da Taro
- 4.1 Girman Kunshin da Polarity
- 4.2 Shawararriyar Shimfidar Kafet ɗin PCB
- 4.3 Jagororin Solder da Sake Kwarara
- 5. Oda, Kunshin, da Alama
- 5.1 Lambar Bangare da Tsarin Rarrabuwa
- 5.2 Alamar Na'ura
- 5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
- 6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
- 6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira Masu Muhimmanci
- 7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
- 9. Ka'idar Aiki
- 10. Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Jerin EL354N-G yana wakiltar iyali na ƙanƙanta, manyan ayyuka na masu tsabtace hasken phototransistor waɗanda aka ƙera musamman don aikace-aikacen shigarwar AC. Waɗannan na'urori an ƙera su don samar da ingantacciyar keɓancewar lantarki da watsa sigina a cikin yanayin da polarity na shigarwa ba a sani ba ko kuma canzawa. Tsarin na'urar ya ƙunshi diodes guda biyu masu fitar da infrared waɗanda aka haɗa su a jere a baya, an haɗa su da haske zuwa na'urar gano phototransistor na silicon. Wannan tsari na musamman yana ba da damar na'urar ta amsa kwararar wuta a kowane hanyar ta hanyar shigar da LEDs, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen sa ido da hankali na sigina na AC inda polarity na DC ba a ƙayyade ba.
An tattara su a cikin kunshin ƙanƙanta mai fil 4 (SOP), waɗannan masu tsabtace haske sun dace da ƙirar allon da'ira na zamani mai yawan taro (PCB). Babban falsafar ƙira a bayan wannan jerin shine bin ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na duniya. Na'urorin ba su da halogen, suna bin iyakoki masu tsauri akan bromine (Br<900 ppm), chlorine (Cl<900 ppm), da jimlar su (Br+Cl<1500 ppm). Bugu da ƙari, suna ci gaba da bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari) da ka'idar EU REACH, yana tabbatar da cewa sun cika buƙatun muhalli na zamani don kayan lantarki.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa
Babban fa'idar jerin EL354N-G yana cikin haɗin ikon shigarwar AC, babban keɓancewa, da ƙirar siffa mai ƙanƙanta. Babban ƙarfin keɓancewar 3750 Vrmstsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa yana ba da shinge na aminci mai ƙarfi, yana kare ƙananan da'irori masu hankali daga manyan layukan wutar lantarki ko layukan masana'antu masu hayaniya. Wannan yana sa su zama dole a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar keɓancewar galvanic.
Kasuwomin manufa na wannan ɓangaren sun bambanta, suna faɗaɗa sarrafa kai ta masana'antu, sadarwa, da sarrafa wutar lantarki. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da sa ido kan layin AC a cikin wadatar wutar lantarki da kayan aiki, samar da keɓancewar shigarwa a cikin masu sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye (PLCs), haɗawa a cikin da'irar layin tarho, da aiki azaman na'urori masu auna sigina na DC na polarity maras sani. Amincewar na'urar daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya—ciki har da UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO, da CQC—yana sauƙaƙe amfani da shi a cikin samfuran ƙarshe da aka yi niyya don kasuwannin duniya, yana sauƙaƙe tsarin takaddun shaida ga masana'antun kayan aiki.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
Fahimtar cikakkiyar iyakoki da halayen ayyuka na na'urar yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira. Sigogi suna ayyana iyakar aiki kuma suna tabbatar da an yi amfani da ɓangaren a cikin yankin aiki mai aminci (SOA).
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar yana ƙayyade iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayin aiki ba ne.
- Ƙarfin Wuta na Gaba (IF): ±50 mA (DC). Wannan ƙimar tana shafi da wutar lantarki a kowane hanyar ta hanyar shigar da diodes.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wuta na Gaba (IFP): 1 A don bugun jini na 1 µs. Wannan yana ba da damar na'urar ta jure ƙwararar wutar lantarki na ɗan lokaci.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki: Jimlar rushewar wutar lantarki na na'urar (PTOT) bai kamata ya wuce 200 mW ba. Bangaren shigarwa (PD) an ƙididdige shi don 70 mW tare da ƙimar ragewa na 3.7 mW/°C sama da yanayin yanayi na 90°C (Ta). Bangaren fitarwa (PC) an ƙididdige shi don 150 mW, ragewa sama da 70°C Ta.
- Ƙimar Ƙarfin Wuta: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tara (VCEO) shine 80 V, yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai fitarwa (VECO) shine 6 V. Rashin daidaituwa ya samo asali ne daga tsarin phototransistor.
- Ƙarfin Keɓancewa (VISO): 3750 Vrmsna minti 1 a 40-60% zafi na dangi. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci ta aminci.
- Kewayon Zazzabi: Zazzabin aiki (TOPR) ya bambanta daga -55°C zuwa +100°C. Zazzabin ajiya (TSTG) ya bambanta daga -55°C zuwa +125°C.
- Zazzabin Solder: Na'urar na iya jure zazzabin solder mafi girma (TSOL) na 260°C na dakika 10, wanda ya dace da hanyoyin sake kwarara maras gubar.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a 25°C, sai dai in an ƙayyade in ba haka ba.
2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa
- Ƙarfin Wuta na Gaba (VF): Yawanci 1.2 V, tare da matsakaicin 1.4 V a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) na ±20 mA. Wannan ƙaramin raguwar wutar lantarki yana da amfani ga da'irori masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
- Ƙarfin Shigarwa (Cin): Ya bambanta daga 50 pF (na yau da kullun) zuwa 250 pF (matsakaici) a 1 kHz. Wannan siga tana shafi amsawar mita mai girma da yuwuwar haɗakar hayaniya.
2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa
- Wutar Lantarki mai duhu (ICEO): Ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga mai tara zuwa mai fitarwa lokacin da shigarwar LED ta kashe (IF=0) kuma VCE=20V matsakaicin 100 nA ne. Ƙaramin wutar lantarki mai duhu yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen rabo sigina-zuwa-hayaniya a cikin yanayin kashewa.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: BVCEOmatsakaicin 80 V ne, kuma BVECOmatsakaicin 7 V ne. Waɗannan suna ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya mai dorewa.
2.2.3 Halayen Canja wuri
Waɗannan sigogi suna bayyana ingancin haɗawa da sauri tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.
- Rashin Canja wurin Wutar Lantarki (CTR): Wannan shine rabon fitarwar wutar lantarki mai tara (IC) zuwa shigarwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF), wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi. Shine babban siga don riba. EL354N na yau da kullun yana da kewayon CTR na 20% zuwa 300% a IF= ±1mA, VCE= 5V. Bambancin EL354NA yana ba da ƙaramin akwati mafi girma tare da kewayon CTR na 50% zuwa 150% a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya. Wannan rarrabuwa yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urori don mafi daidaitaccen riba a cikin samarwa.
- Ƙarfin Wuta mai cikewa (VCE(sat)): Yawanci 0.1 V, matsakaicin 0.2 V lokacin da IF=±20mA da IC=1mA. Ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai cikewa yana rage asarar wutar lantarki lokacin da transistor ɗin fitarwa ya kasance cikakke.
- Ƙarfin Keɓancewa (RIO): Mafi ƙanƙanta 5×1010Ω, na yau da kullun 1011Ω a 500 V DC. Wannan babban juriya yana da mahimmanci ga aikin keɓancewa.
- Mita mai yanke (fc): Yawanci 80 kHz (-3dB point) a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Wannan yana ayyana matsakaicin mitar sigina mai amfani.
- Ƙarfin iyo (CIO): Yawanci 0.6 pF, matsakaicin 1.0 pF a 1 MHz. Wannan shine ƙarfin parasitic a kan shingen keɓancewa, wanda zai iya haɗa hayaniyar mita mai girma.
- Saurin Sauya: Duk lokacin tashi (tr) da lokacin faɗuwa (tf) an ƙayyade su azaman matsakaicin 18 µs. Wannan saurin matsakaici ya dace da sa ido kan mitar layi (50/60 Hz) da yawancin sigina masu sarrafa masana'antu, amma bai dace da manyan hanyoyin sadarwar dijital ba.
3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka
Yayin da takardun bayanai ke nuni zuwa lanƙwasa halayen lantarki-haske na yau da kullun, zane-zanensu na musamman (misali, CTR vs. Zazzabi, CTR vs. Ƙarfin Wuta na Gaba) suna da mahimmanci don ƙira mai zurfi. Waɗannan lanƙwasa yawanci suna nuna cewa CTR yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin yanayi kuma yana iya samun alaƙa mara layi tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntuɓi waɗannan jadawali don rage aikin da ya dace don takamaiman yanayin aiki, suna tabbatar da cewa da'irar tana riƙe da isasshen riba a cikin kewayon zazzabin da aka yi niyya. Dangantaka tsakanin fitarwar wutar lantarki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba kuma yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don cimma yanayin fitarwa da ake so, musamman lokacin aiki kusa da iyakokin ƙayyadaddun CTR.
4. Bayanin Injiniya, Kunshin, da Taro
4.1 Girman Kunshin da Polarity
An saka na'urar a cikin kunshin SOP mai fil 4. Tsarin fil ɗin shine kamar haka: Fil 1 shine Anode/Cathode, Fil 2 shine Cathode/Anode (don haɗin LED na baya), Fil 3 shine Mai fitarwa na phototransistor, kuma Fil 4 shine Mai tara. Wannan fitarwa yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB. Zanen kunshin yana ba da daidaitattun ma'auni na injiniya ciki har da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, tsarin jagora, da girman jagora, waɗanda dole ne a bi su don daidaitaccen ƙirar sawun PCB.
4.2 Shawararriyar Shimfidar Kafet ɗin PCB
An ba da shimfidar kafet ɗin saman da aka ba da shawara. An jaddada cewa wannan ƙirar tunani ce kuma ya kamata a gyara ta bisa tsarin samarwa na mutum ɗaya, kayan PCB, da buƙatun zafi. Manufar ƙirar kafet ɗin ita ce tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwa yayin sake kwarara yayin sarrafa damuwa mai zafi akan ɓangaren.
4.3 Jagororin Solder da Sake Kwarara
An ƙayyade cikakkun yanayin solder na sake kwarara, yana nuni ga IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D. Bayanin yana da mahimmanci don taron maras gubar:
- Preheat: 150°C zuwa 200°C sama da 60-120 seconds.
- Ramp-up: Matsakaicin 3°C/daƙiƙa daga 200°C zuwa kololuwa.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C): 60-100 seconds.
- Matsakaicin Zazzabi: 260°C matsakaicin.
- Lokaci a cikin 5°C na Kololuwa: 30 seconds matsakaicin.
- Ƙimar Sanyaya: Matsakaicin 6°C/daƙiƙa.
- Jimlar Lokacin Zagayowar: 25°C zuwa kololuwa a cikin mintuna 8 matsakaicin.
- Wucewar Sake Kwarara: Na'urar na iya jure matsakaicin zagayowar sake kwarara 3.
Bin wannan bayanin yana hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da haɗin waya na ciki.
5. Oda, Kunshin, da Alama
5.1 Lambar Bangare da Tsarin Rarrabuwa
Lambar ɓangaren tana bin tsari: EL354N(X)(Y)-VG.
- X: Zaɓin Matsayin CTR. 'A' yana nuna akwatin 50-150% (EL354NA). Babu harafi yana nuna akwatin daidaitaccen 20-300% (EL354N).
- Y: Zaɓin Kaset da Reel. 'TA' ko 'TB' suna ƙayyade nau'in reel da alkibla. Tsallakewa yana nuna kunshin bututu (raka'a 100).
- V: Ƙarin kari wanda ke nuna amincewar VDE an haɗa shi.
- G: Yana nuna ginin maras halogen.
Zaɓuɓɓukan kunshin sun haɗa da bututu (raka'a 100) ko kaset-da-reel (raka'a 3000 a kowane reel don duka zaɓuɓɓukan TA da TB). Zaɓuɓɓukan 'TA' da 'TB' sun bambanta a cikin alkiblar ɓangarorin akan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, wanda dole ne ya dace da buƙatun mai ciyar da injin zaɓe-da-sanya.
5.2 Alamar Na'ura
Ana yiwa na'urori alama a saman saman tare da lambar:EL 354N RYWWV.
- EL: Lambar masana'anta.
- 354N: Lambar na'urar tushe.
- R: Matsayin CTR (misali, 'A' ko fanko).
- Y: Lambar shekara mai lamba 1.
- WW: Lambar mako mai lamba 2.
- V: Kasancewa yana nuna amincewar VDE (zaɓi).
5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
An ba da cikakkun ma'auni don kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai ƙyalli, gami da girman aljihu (A, B, D0, D1), faɗin kaset (W), tsayi (P0), da girman hatimin kaset ɗin rufewa. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don saita kayan aikin taro ta atomatik daidai.
6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
Babban aikace-aikacen shine hankali na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na layin AC ko gano ketare sifili. Da'irar yau da kullun ta ƙunshi haɗa filayen shigarwa (1 & 2) a jere tare da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki a kan layin AC. Dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar resistor don iyakance matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) zuwa ƙimar aminci ƙasa da 50 mA, la'akari da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC. Ana iya haɗa transistor ɗin fitarwa a cikin tsarin mai fitarwa na gama ɗaya (Mai fitarwa zuwa ƙasa, Mai tara ya ja ta hanyar resistor ɗin kaya zuwa wadatar dabaru) don samar da sigina na dijital wanda ke canzawa tare da zagayowar AC. Don hankali na DC maras sanin polarity, ana iya sanya na'urar kai tsaye a cikin layin hankali, saboda zai gudana ba tare da la'akari da alkiblar wutar lantarki ba.
6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira Masu Muhimmanci
- Iyakance Wutar Lantarki: Babban abu mai mahimmanci na ƙirar da'irar shigarwa. Dole ne resistor ya iyakance wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi (matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na layi, ƙarancin juriya na resistor).
- Lalacewar CTR: CTR na iya lalacewa bayan lokaci, musamman a manyan yanayin aiki da wutar lantarki. Ƙira ya kamata ya haɗa da gefe (misali, amfani da mafi ƙarancin CTR daga takardun bayanai sannan a yi amfani da ƙarin ƙimar ragewa don rayuwa).
- Rashin Hankali: Ƙarfin parasitic (CIO) zai iya haɗa saurin canji mai girma (kamar ESD ko EMI) a kan shingen keɓancewa. A cikin yanayi masu hayaniya, ƙarin tacewa a gefen fitarwa ko amfani da mafi saurin tace dijital a cikin microcontroller na iya zama dole.
- Iyakance Saurin Sauya: Lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na 18 µs yana iyakance na'urar zuwa aikace-aikacen mita ƙasa. Bai dace da keɓance manyan layin bayanan dijital ba.
- Rushewar ZafiTabbatar cewa jimlar rushewar wutar lantarki (asarar LED na shigarwa + asarar transistor na fitarwa) bai wuce 200 mW ba, la'akari da ragewa tare da zazzabi.
7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Babban abin da ya bambanta EL354N-G shine haɗaɗɗen shigarwar LED na baya-baya, yana kawar da buƙatar masu gyara gada na waje ko hadaddun da'irori don sarrafa sigina na AC ko DC maras sanin polarity. Idan aka kwatanta da masu tsabtace haske na shigarwar DC na yau da kullun, wannan yana sauƙaƙe BOM kuma yana adana sararin allo. A cikin ɓangaren mai tsabtace haske na shigarwar AC, haɗinsa na keɓancewar 3750Vrms, kayan maras halogen, da cikakkun amincewar aminci na duniya (UL, VDE, da sauransu) a cikin kunshin SOP mai ƙanƙanta yana ba da shawara mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen duniya masu mahimmanci na aminci amma masu mahimmanci na farashi. Samun ƙaramin akwatin CTR (EL354NA) yana ba da fa'ida don ƙira masu buƙatar mafi daidaitaccen riba ba tare da rarrabuwa ta hannu ko daidaitawa ba.
8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan na'urar don hankali kai tsaye 120VAC ko 230VAC mains?
A: Ee, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor na iyakance wutar lantarki na waje. Ƙididdige ƙimarsa bisa matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na mains (misali, 230VAC RMS yana da kololuwa na ~325V) da wutar LED da ake so, yana tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin wutar lantarki ya kasance ƙasa da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar 50 mA.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin EL354N da EL354NA?
A: Bambancin yana cikin rarrabuwar Rashin Canja wurin Wutar Lantarki (CTR). EL354N yana da faɗin kewayon (20-300%), yayin da EL354NA yana da ƙaramin kewayon mafi girma (50-150%). Yi amfani da sigar 'NA' don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi daidaitaccen riba daga raka'a zuwa raka'a.
Q: Fitarwa phototransistor ne. Zan iya amfani da shi don tuƙi relay kai tsaye?
A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Sarrafa wutar lantarki na phototransistor yana da iyaka (mai alaƙa da ƙimar rushewar wutar lantarki). An ƙera shi azaman na'urar matakin sigina. Don tuƙi relay, yi amfani da fitarwar mai tsabtace haske don tuƙi babban transistor na wutar lantarki ko ƙofar MOSFET.
Q: Ta yaya zan tabbatar da ingantaccen keɓancewa a cikin ƙirata?
A: Kiyaye daidaitattun nisa na creepage da sharewa akan PCB tsakanin da'irorin shigarwa da fitarwa bisa ga ƙa'idar aminci mai dacewa (misali, IEC 60950-1, IEC 62368-1). Matsakaicin ƙimar 3750Vrms na ɓangaren da kansa dole ne a goyi bayan shi da isasshen tazara akan allo.
9. Ka'idar Aiki
Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'idar canza lantarki-haske da keɓancewa. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta gudana ta ko ɗaya daga cikin LEDs na infrared na shigarwa guda biyu (ya danganta da polarity), tana fitar da haske. Wannan haske yana ratsa shingen keɓancewa mai gani (yawanci filastik da aka yi) kuma ya bugi yankin tushe na phototransistor na silicon a gefen fitarwa. Photons suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramuwa a cikin tushe, yana aiki yadda ya kamata azaman wutar lantarki na tushe, wanda ke kunna transistor, yana barin babban wutar lantarki mai tara ta gudana. Mahimmanci shine cewa haɗin kawai tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa shine na gani, yana samar da keɓancewar galvanic. Tsarin LED na baya-baya yana nufin cewa wutar lantarki da ke shiga cikin Fil 1 (Anode) kuma daga Fil 2 (Cathode) tana haskaka LED ɗaya, yayin da wutar lantarki a cikin kishiyar alkibla tana haskaka ɗayan LED, yana tabbatar da aiki tare da AC ko DC mai hanyoyi biyu.
10. Trends na Masana'antu
Trend a cikin masu tsabtace haske da fasahar keɓancewa yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, sauri mafi girma, da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Yayin da masu haɗawa na tushen phototransistor na gargajiya kamar EL354N-G suka kasance masu mahimmanci don keɓancewar matsakaicin sauri mai tsada a cikin wutar lantarki da sarrafa masana'antu, sabbin fasahohi suna fitowa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da masu keɓance dijital dangane da fasahar CMOS da haɗin RF, waɗanda ke ba da mafi girman ƙimar bayanai, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da mafi girman aminci. Koyaya, don ainihin hankali na layin AC da sa ido kan ƙarfin wutar lantarki inda sauƙi, babban ƙarfin keɓancewa, da tabbataccen ƙarfi suka fi mahimmanci, masu haɗawa na AC na phototransistor suna ci gaba da zama zaɓi kuma ingantaccen mafita. Ƙaura zuwa maras halogen da ingantaccen bin ka'idojin muhalli, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin jerin '-G', amsa ce kai tsaye ga trends na duniya na tsari.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |