EL121N Jerin Takardar Bayanin Photocoupler - Kunshin SOP Mai Filaye 4 - Tsarin 2.0mm - Keɓewa 3750Vrms - CTR 50-400% - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin EL121N yana wakiltar dangin abubuwan infrared optoelectronic da aka ƙera don keɓewa da watsa sigina. A cikin tsakiyarsa, ya ƙunshi gallium arsenide infrared light-emitting diode (IRED) wanda aka haɗa da haske zuwa silicon NPN phototransistor, duk suna cikin ƙaramin kunshin Surface-mount 4-pin Small Outline Package (SOP). Babban aikin shine canja wurin siginar lantarki tsakanin da'irori biyu yayin kiyaye babban keɓewar lantarki, don haka hana amo, madaukai na ƙasa, da ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga ɓarkewa daga gefe ɗaya zuwa ɗayan.

An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintaccen keɓewa a cikin ƙuntataccen sarari. Tsarinsa na 2.0mm ya sa ya dace da ƙirar allon da'ira mai buga (PCB) na zamani, mai yawan taro. Babban falsafar ƙira a bayan wannan jerin shine bin ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na duniya, gami da kasancewa mara halogen, mara gubar (Pb-free), da bin umarnin RoHS da EU REACH. Bugu da ƙari, yana ɗauke da muhimman izini na aminci na duniya, gami da UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, da FIMKO, wanda ke jaddada amincinsa da dacewa don amfani a cikin kayan kasuwanci da masana'antu a duniya.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Shigar (Gefen LED):Ƙarfin gaba (I_F) an ƙididdige shi a 50mA ci gaba. Gajeren kololuwar ƙarfin gaba (I_FP) na 1A na 1 microsecond yana halatta, wanda yake da alaƙa da aikin bugun jini. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 6V, yana jaddada buƙatar kariya ta polarity daidai.
• Fitarwa (Gefen Transistor):Ƙarfin mai tattarawa (I_C) an ƙididdige shi a 50mA. Ƙarfin lantarki mai tattarawa-emitter (V_CEO) shine 80V, yayin da ƙarfin lantarki emitter-collector (V_ECO) shine 7V kawai, yana nuna yanayin rashin daidaituwa na halayen rushewar phototransistor.
• Wutar Lantarki da Zafi:Jimlar ɓarnawar na'urar (P_TOT) shine 200mW. An ba da abubuwan raguwa daban-daban: 2.9 mW/°C don shigarwa (LED) sama da 100°C yanayi, da 3.7 mW/°C don fitarwa (transistor) sama da 70°C yanayi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
• Keɓewa da Muhalli:Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓewa (V_ISO) shine 3750 V_rmsna minti 1, an gwada shi tare da taƙaita filaye 1-2 tare da juna da kuma taƙaita filaye 3-4 tare da juna. Kewayon zafin aiki shine -55°C zuwa +110°C, kuma ajiya ya kai -55°C zuwa +125°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (Ta=25°C sai dai idan an lura).

• Halayen Shigarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci 1.2V a gwajin na'urar na 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.4V. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki yana da amfani ga da'irorin mu'amalar dabaru masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (I_R) matsakaicin 10µA ne a 4V.
• Halayen Fitarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki mai tattarawa-emitter duhu (I_CEO), wanda shine ƙarfin lantarki tare da kashe LED, matsakaicin 100nA ne a V_CE=20V. Ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa (BV_CEO=80V,BV_ECO=7V) sun tabbatar da ƙididdiga.
• Halayen Canja wuri:Wannan shine zuciyar ƙayyadaddun na'urar.
  • Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Ƙarfin Lantarki (CTR):Wannan shine rabon ƙarfin tattarawa na fitarwa zuwa ƙarfin gaba na LED na shigarwa, wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi. Jerin EL121N yana ba datsarin grading/bin:
    • EL121N (Matsakaici):Kewayon CTR 50% zuwa 400% a I_F=5mA, V_CE=5V.
    • EL121N B:Ƙaramin kwandon 130% zuwa 260%.
    • EL121N C:Kwandon aiki mafi girma na 200% zuwa 400%.
    • EL121N BC:Babban kwandon da ya ƙunshi 130% zuwa 400%.
    Wannan binning yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa bisa ga buƙatun riba da daidaito, haɓaka aikin da'ira da farashi.
  • Ƙarfin lantarki na jikewa (V_CE(sat)):Yawanci 0.1V (matsakaicin 0.2V) lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da I_F=20mA kuma an ɗora shi da I_C=1mA. Wannan ƙaramin ƙima yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen sauyawa na dijital, yana rage asarar ƙarfin lantarki.
  • Ƙarfin lantarki na Keɓewa (R_IO):Mafi ƙarancin 5 x 10¹⁰Ω, yana nuna babban ƙarfin lantarki na DC na rufi.
  • Saurin Sauya:Lokacin tashi (t_r) yawanci 6µs ne (matsakaicin 18µs) kuma lokacin faɗuwa (t_f) yawanci 8µs ne (matsakaicin 18µs) a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (V_CE=2V, I_C=2mA, R_L=100Ω). Wannan yana ayyana ikon na'urar don watsa siginar dijital mai matsakaicin sauri.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nuni zuwa lanƙwan halayen lantarki da haske na yau da kullun. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutu ba, yawanci sun haɗa da waɗannan alaƙolin da ke da mahimmanci don ƙira:

• CTR vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):CTR ba tsayayye ba ne; gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da I_Fyana ƙaruwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntuɓi wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar wurin aiki wanda ke ba da ribar da ake so ba tare da tuƙa LED ba.
• CTR vs. Yanayin Yanayi (T_a):CTR na optocouplers yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau; yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na da'ira a kan kewayon zafin aiki da aka yi niyya.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattarawa vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattarawa-Emitter (I_C-V_CE):Waɗannan lanƙwan halayen fitarwa suna nuna phototransistor yana aiki a cikin yankunansa na layi (mai aiki) da jikewa, kama da daidaitaccen transistor bipolar, amma tare da I_Fazaman sigar sarrafawa maimakon ƙarfin lantarki na tushe.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F-I_F):Wannan halayen LED yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi mai iyakancewa.

Hoto na 10 a cikin takardar bayanin yana ba da daidaitaccen da'irar gwaji da ma'anar siffar siffa don auna lokutan sauyawa (t_on, t_off, t_r, t_f), ta amfani da nauyin juriya (R_L) da ƙayyadaddun bugun jini na shigarwa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya, Kunshi, da Tari

4.1 Tsarin Filaye da Girman Kunshi

Kunshin SOP mai filaye 4 yana da bayyanannen filaye:

1. Anode (A) na infrared LED
2. Cathode (K) na infrared LED
3. Emitter (E) na phototransistor
4. Mai tattarawa (C) na phototransistor

Zanen kunshin yana ba da madaidaicin girma gami da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin gabaɗaya, yana tabbatar da tsarin 2.0mm. An kuma ba da shirin ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawara (tsarin kushin) don tabbatar da amintaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin tari na surface-mount.

4.2 Jagororin Solder da Tari

An ƙididdige na'urar don matsakaicin zafin solder (T_SOL) na 260°C na dakika 10. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da cikakken bayanin bayanin sake kunnawa solder, wanda ya dace da IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D. Muhimman sigogi na wannan bayanin sun haɗa da:

• Preheat:150°C zuwa 200°C sama da 60-120 seconds.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C):60-100 seconds.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi:260°C matsakaici.
• Lokaci a cikin 5°C na Kololuwa:30 seconds matsakaici.
• Matsakaicin Adadin Reflows:Sau 3.

Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana fashewar kunshi, ɓarkewar, ko lalata die na ciki da haɗin waya.

5. Oda, Kunshi, da Alama

5.1 Tsarin Lambar Bangare

Lambar bangare tana bin tsari:EL121N(X)(Y)-V

• EL121N:Lambar na'urar tushe.
• X:Matsayin CTR (B, C, BC, ko fanko don matsayin daidaitacce).
• Y:Zaɓin Tef da Reel (TA ko TB, sun bambanta a cikin hanyar ciyarwa).
• -V:Ƙarin kari wanda ke nuna amincewar VDE an haɗa shi.

Misalai: EL121NBC-TA, EL121NC-TB-V.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

Ana samar da na'urori akan tef da reel don tari na atomatik. An bayar da girman tef (faɗi, girman aljihu, tsawo) da ƙayyadaddun reel dalla-dalla. Duka zaɓuɓɓukan TA da TB sun ƙunshi raka'a 3000 a kowace reel.

5.3 Alamar Na'ura

Kowane na'ura ana yi masa alama a saman tare da lambar laser ko tawada:EL 121N RYWWV

• EL:Lambar masana'anta.
• 121N:Lambar na'ura.
• R:Lambar matsayin CTR (misali, B ko C).
• Y:Lambar shekara 1-digit.
• WW:Lambar mako 2-digit.
• V:Kasancewar alamar amincewar VDE.

Wannan alamar tana ba da damar gano asali da tabbatar da nau'in na'ura.

6. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Jerin EL121N ya dace da fa'idodin keɓewa da mu'amala da yawa:

• Maɓuɓɓukan Wutar Lantarki na Sauya (SMPS):Samar da keɓewar amsawa a cikin masu canza DC-DC, mahimmanci don daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa yayin kiyaye keɓewar aminci daga gefen farko.
• Tsarin Sarrafa Masana'antu:Mu'amala tsakanin masu sarrafa dabaru masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki (PLCs) da masu aiki ko na'urori masu auna firikwensin masana'antu masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki/ƙarfin lantarki, hana amo na madauki na ƙasa.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Keɓe layukan sigina ko samar da keɓewar galvanic a cikin modem, na'urar hanyar sadarwa, ko mu'amalar katin layi.
• Keɓewar Da'ira Gabaɗaya:Duk wani aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar canja wurin sigina tsakanin da'irori na ma'auni na ƙasa ko maƙasudi daban-daban.

6.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira

• Lalacewar CTR:CTR na optocouplers na iya lalacewa akan lokaci, musamman lokacin da ake aiki a babban ƙarfin lantarki na LED da babban zafin jiki. Rage ƙarfin lantarki na LED da zaɓin wani ɓangare tare da farkon CTR sama da mafi ƙarancin abin da ake buƙata yana ba da gefen tsawon rai.
• Sauri vs. Cinikin Ƙarfin Lantarki:Saurin sauyawa yana inganta tare da mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi na LED amma a farashin mafi girman amfani da wutar lantarki da yuwuwar haɓaka tsufa. Yanayin gwaji (I_F=10mA typ.) yana ba da tushe; don sauri mafi sauri, mafi girma I_Fana iya buƙata.
• Zaɓin Resistor na Kaya:Ƙimar resistor na kaya (R_La kan mai tattarawa) yana shafar duka saurin sauyawa da jujjuyawar ƙarfin fitarwa. Ƙaramin R_Lyana inganta sauri amma yana rage riba da kewayon ƙarfin fitarwa.
• Rashin Amo:Don aikace-aikacen dijital, tabbatar da "ɗan gefen amo" ta hanyar ƙirar da'irar mai karɓa don bambanta tsakanin yanayin kunna da kashe na phototransistor shine mabuɗi.
• Keɓewar Creepage da Bayani:Lokacin ƙirar shimfidar PCB, kiyaye ƙayyadaddun nisa na creepage da bayani (wanda aka nuna ta 3750V_rmsrating) tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa gefen gado don kiyaye cikakken keɓewa.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Matsayi

A cikin kasuwar fitarwa na phototransistor photocoupler, jerin EL121N suna sanya kansu ta hanyar sifofi masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Kunshi:Kunshin SOP mai filaye 4 yana ba da ƙaramin ƙafa fiye da tsofaffin kunshin DIP mai filaye 4 yayin da yake da sauƙin sarrafawa da solder fiye da ƙananan kunshin filaye 4, yana daidaita tsakanin girman da iya yin kera.
• CTR Binning:Samar da matakan CTR da yawa, waɗanda aka bayyana a sarari (B, C, BC) yana ba da sassauci ba koyaushe ake samunsa a cikin sassa na gabaɗaya ba, yana ba da damar ingantaccen ƙira.
• Cikakkun Takaddun Shaida:Tarin izini na UL, cUL, VDE, da Nordic SEMKO/NEMKO/DEMKO/FIMKO a cikin bangare ɗaya yana sauƙaƙe tsarin zaɓin kayan aiki don samfuran da ke niyya ga kasuwannin duniya tare da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun aminci.
• Ma'auni na Aiki:Tare da CTR har zuwa 400%, ƙarfin lantarki na jikewa ƙasa da 0.2V, da lokutan sauyawa a cikin kewayon microsecond, yana ba da cikakken aiki wanda ya dace da fa'idodin keɓewar analog da dijital, daga siginar kunna/kashe mai sauƙi zuwa amsawar PWM.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

8.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin zaɓuɓɓukan tef na TA da TB?

Babban bambanci shinehanyar ciyarwadaga reel. TA da TB suna da aljihun ɓangaren da aka daidaita daban a kan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya. Dole ne mai ƙira ya ƙayyade daidaitaccen zaɓi bisa ga daidaitawar da tsarin mai ciyar da na'urar zaɓa da sanyawa ke buƙata. Dukansu sun ƙunshi raka'a 3000.

8.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi tsakanin matakan CTR na B, C, da BC?

Zaɓi bisa ga buƙatun riba da buƙatun daidaito na da'irar ku.

• Yi amfani daMati C (200-400%)don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban hankali ko inda da'irar tuƙi za ta iya samar da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na LED kawai.
• Yi amfani daMati B (130-260%)don aikace-aikacen inda ake buƙatar matsakaicin riba, mai sarrafa ƙarfi don aikin da ake iya hasashen a duk raka'u.
• Yi amfani daMatsakaici (50-400%)koBC (130-400%)matsayi don aikace-aikacen masu kula da farashi inda ƙirar da'ira za ta iya jurewa mafi girman bambanci a cikin CTR, sau da yawa ta amfani da amsawa ko ƙananan matakan sigina marasa mahimmanci.

8.3 Za a iya amfani da wannan na'urar don keɓewar siginar analog?

Ee, amma tare da muhimman tanadi. Rashin layi na phototransistor, dogaro da zafin jiki na CTR, da bambancin na'ura-zuwa-na'ura na asali sun sa ya zama ƙasa da kyau don keɓewar analog mai madaidaicin madaidaici idan aka kwatanta da keɓaɓɓun optocouplers na layi (waɗanda ke ɗauke da photodiode da amplifier na aiki). Don ƙananan siginar analog masu daidaito ko a cikin da'irori masu amfani da layi na waje da ramuwa na zafin jiki, ana iya amfani da shi yadda ya kamata.

8.4 Menene manufar gwajin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓewa (filaye 1-2 an taƙaita zuwa 3-4)?

Wannan gwajin yana tabbatar da cikakkiyar shingen rufi na ciki tsakanin shigarwa (LED) da sassan fitarwa (phototransistor) na kunshin. Taƙaita filaye a kowane gefe yana tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ƙarfin gwajin a ko'ina cikin iyakar keɓewa, yana duba kowace hanyar rushewa ta cikin kayan gyare-gyare ko tare da firam ɗin jagora.