Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Ainihi da Kasuwar Manufa
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Cikakkun Ƙimar Ƙima
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
- 2.3 Halayen Canja wuri da Tsarin Ƙima
- 3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 3.1 Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 1)
- 3.2 Ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Tattarawa vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 2) da CTR vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 3)
- 3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki (Hotuna 6 & 7)
- 3.4 Halayen Sauyawa (Hoto na 9)
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya, Fakitin, da Tari
- 4.1 Tsarin Filaye da Ƙarfin lantarki
- 4.2 Jagororin Solder da Sarrafawa
- 5. Bayanin Oda da Fakitin
- 6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 6.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 6.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira
- 7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
- 7.1 Bambanci daga Sauran Photocouplers
- 7.2 Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
- 8. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
- 8.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali
- 8.2 Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayanin Samfur
Jerin EL3H7U-G suna wakiltar iyali na ƙananan, masu hawa a saman phototransistor photocouplers (optocouplers) waɗanda aka ƙera don amintaccen keɓewar sigina a cikin da'irorin lantarki na zamani. Waɗannan na'urori suna ba da muhimmin aiki ta hanyar canja wurin siginonin lantarki tsakanin da'irori biyu masu keɓewa ta amfani da haske, don haka hana manyan ƙarfin lantarki ko madaukai na ƙasa a cikin da'ira ɗaya daga yin tasiri ko lalata ɗayan.
Ginin ainihin ya ƙunshi gallium arsenide infrared light-emitting diode (IRED) wanda aka haɗa da haske zuwa silicon NPN phototransistor. Dukansu an haɗa su a cikin wani koren abu mara halogen kuma an sanya su a cikin ƙaramin fakitin Outline (SSOP) mai filaye 4 tare da ƙananan bayani na 2.0 mm. Wannan fakitin ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari akan allunan da'ira (PCBs).
1.1 Fa'idodi na Ainihi da Kasuwar Manufa
Babban fa'idodin jerin EL3H7U-G sun haɗa da babban ikon keɓewa, ƙananan siffar siffa, da bin ka'idojin aminci da muhalli na duniya. Tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓewa (Viso) na 3750 Vrms, yana ba da kariya mai ƙarfi ga da'irar da ke da hankali. Abubuwan da ba su da halogen sun yi daidai da ka'idojin muhalli kamar RoHS da REACH. An amince da na'urar ta manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya ciki har da UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO, da CQC, wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantattun sassa.
Aikace-aikacen manufa sun bambanta, suna mai da hankali kan wuraren da keɓewar lantarki da juriyar amo suka fi muhimmanci. Manyan kasuwanni sun haɗa da wutar lantarki mai sauya yanayi (SMPS), musamman masu canza DC-DC, masu sarrafa dabaru na masana'antu (PLCs), kayan aikin sadarwa, da watsa siginoni na gabaɗaya a cikin da'irori tare da matakan ƙasa ko matakan ƙarancin ƙarfi daban-daban.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
Fahimtar cikakkun ƙimar ƙima da halayen lantarki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai aminci da tabbatar da dogon lokacin amincin photocoupler.
2.1 Cikakkun Ƙimar Ƙima
Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.
- Shigarwa (Bangaren LED):Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) bai kamata ya wuce 20 mA ba. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) yana iyakance zuwa 5 V, yana nuna buƙatar kariya mai kyau idan ana iya sanya shigarwa cikin juzu'i.
- Fitarwa (Bangaren Phototransistor):Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa (IC) an ƙididdige shi a 30 mA. Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-emitter (VCEO) zai iya jurewa har zuwa 60 V, yayin da ƙarfin lantarki na emitter-collector (VECO) ya fi ƙasa sosai a 5 V, yana nuna rashin daidaituwa na halayen rushewar phototransistor.
- Zafi da Keɓewa:Jimlar ƙarfin lantarki na na'ura (PTOT) shine 200 mW. An gwada ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓewa (VISO) na 3750 Vrms na minti 1 tare da filaye 1-2 da 3-4 an gajarta tare a ƙarƙashin zazzabi mai sarrafawa (40-60% RH). An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +125°C.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
Waɗannan ma'auni, yawanci ana auna su a 25°C, suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.
- Halayen Shigarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci shine 1.3V a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 1 mA, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi. Ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwa (Cin) ya kai 250 pF, wanda zai iya yin tasiri ga aikin sauyawa mai girma.
- Halayen Fitarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-emitter duhu (ICEO) yana da ƙasa sosai (matsakaicin 100 nA a VCE=20V), yana wakiltar ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da LED ya kashe. Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-emitter saturation (VCE(sat)) shine matsakaicin 0.4V a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (IF=3mA, IC=1.6mA), yana nuna ƙarancin faɗuwar wutar lantarki lokacin da transistor ya kasance gaba ɗaya.
- Ma'auni na Keɓewa:Ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (RIO) shine mafi ƙanƙanta 5 x 1010Ω, kuma ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (CIO) shine matsakaicin 1.0 pF. Waɗannan ƙimar suna da mahimmanci don tantance jujjuyawar nau'i na gama gari da haɗin amo mai girma a cikin shingen keɓewa.
2.3 Halayen Canja wuri da Tsarin Ƙima
Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Yanzu (CTR) shine mafi mahimmancin ma'auni don photocoupler, wanda aka ayyana azaman rabo na ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa (IC) zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (IF), wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi: CTR = (ICF) * 100%.
Jerin EL3H7U-G suna amfani da tsarin ƙimar CTR don ba wa masu ƙira daidaitattun kwandon aiki:
- EL3H7U (Matsakaici):Kewayon CTR daga 50% zuwa 600% a IF= 0.5 mA, VCE= 5V.
- EL3H7UA:Kewayon CTR daga 100% zuwa 200%.
- EL3H7UB:Kewayon CTR daga 150% zuwa 300%.
- EL3H7UC:Kewayon CTR daga 200% zuwa 400%.
Wannan ƙimar yana ba da damar ƙira mafi daidaito, musamman a cikin da'irori inda daidaiton riba ke da mahimmanci, kamar a cikin madaukai na amsawa na wutar lantarki. Bangaren daidaitaccen yana ba da mafi faɗin kewayon, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya inda ainihin CTR ba shi da mahimmanci.
3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanai tana ba da zane-zane da yawa waɗanda ke nuna mahimman halayen aiki. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan lanƙwasa suna wakiltar halayen na yau da kullun kuma ba a tabbatar da su ta hanyar gwajin samarwa ba.
3.1 Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 1)
Wannan zanen yana nuna halayen I-V na shigarwar IRED a zafin yanayi daban-daban (-40°C, 25°C, 125°C). Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ma'auni mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, ma'ana yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu don wani ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan shine halayen na yau da kullun don diodes kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a cikin sarrafa zafi da ƙirar tuƙi na yau da kullun.
3.2 Ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Tattarawa vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 2) da CTR vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 3)
Hoto na 2 yana zana ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa (IC) akan ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwar LED (IF) don ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-emitter guda biyu daban-daban (VCE=0.4V da 5V). Dangantakar tana da layi a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki amma tana nuna cikarwa a manyan matakan IF, musamman a ƙananan VCE. Hoto na 3 yana nuna daidaitaccen CTR yana raguwa yayin da IFya karu. Wannan yana nuna cewa na'urar tana da inganci mafi girma (CTR mafi girma) a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi, yawanci a kusa da yanayin gwaji na 0.5 mA.
3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki (Hotuna 6 & 7)
Hoto na 6 yana nuna cewa ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa (IC) don kafaffen IFyana karuwa tare da zafin jiki. Hoto na 7 yana nuna cewa daidaitaccen CTR ya kai kololuwa a kusa da zafin daki kuma yana raguwa a duka manyan da ƙananan zafin jiki. Wannan dogaro da zafin jiki na CTR shine muhimmin abu na ƙira. Dole ne a ƙera da'irori don yin aiki daidai a cikin duk ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki, tare da la'akari da bambancin riba.
3.4 Halayen Sauyawa (Hoto na 9)
Zanen don lokacin sauyawa vs. juriyar kaya (RL) yana nuna cewa duka lokacin tashi (tr) da lokacin faɗuwa (tf) suna raguwa yayin da juriyar kaya ta ragu. Ana samun saurin sauyawa tare da ƙananan masu juriya na kaya, amma wannan yana zuwa da farashin babban ɓarnar wutar lantarki a matakin fitarwa. Da'irar gwaji (Hoto na 13) ya ayyana trazaman lokaci daga 10% zuwa 90% na bugun jini na fitarwa da tfazaman daga 90% zuwa 10%.
4. Bayanin Injiniya, Fakitin, da Tari
4.1 Tsarin Filaye da Ƙarfin lantarki
Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen ƙafar ƙafar SSOP mai filaye 4. Filaye kamar haka: Filaye 1: Anode na IRED, Filaye 2: Cathode na IRED, Filaye 3: Emitter na phototransistor, Filaye 4: Mai tattarawa na phototransistor. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki yayin shimfidar PCB da taro don hana lalacewa.
4.2 Jagororin Solder da Sarrafawa
Cikakkiyar ƙimar ƙima don zafin solder (TSOL) shine 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin sake karkatar da solder mara gubar. Dole ne a bi ka'idojin IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 na yau da kullun don na'urori masu hankali ga danshi. Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin jakar shingen danshi ta asali tare da busassun abu a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sarrafawa kuma a gasa kafin solder idan an buɗe jakar ko kuma an wuce iyakar lokacin bayyanawa.
5. Bayanin Oda da Fakitin
Lambar sashi tana bin tsari: EL3H7U(X)(Y)-VG.
- X:Matsayin CTR (A, B, C, ko fanko don matakin daidaitaccen).
- Y:Zaɓin tef da reel (TA, TB, ko fanko). TA da TB suna iya nufin girman reel daban-daban ko fuskokin fakitin, dukansu suna ɗauke da raka'a 5000 a kowane reel.
- V:Alamar amincewar VDE na zaɓi.
- G:Yana nuna abu mara halogen.
Misalai: EL3H7UB-TA-VG zai zama na'urar CTR mai matakin B, an haɗa shi akan tef da reel na TA, tare da amincewar VDE da kayan mara halogen.
6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
6.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
Babban aikace-aikace shine keɓewar sigina. Da'irar yau da kullun ta ƙunshi tuƙi da shigarwar LED tare da mai juriya mai iyakancewa daga tushen siginar dijital (misali, microcontroller GPIO). Za a iya amfani da phototransistor na fitarwa a cikin tsarin mai gama-gari (mai tattarawa yana haɗuwa da mai ja sama, emitter ya kasa) don samar da siginar fitarwa mai jujjuyawa, ko kuma a cikin tsarin mai bin emitter don siginar da ba ta juyawa ba.
6.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira
- Ƙarfin lantarki na Tuƙin LED:Zaɓi IFdangane da saurin sauyawa da CTR da ake buƙata. Ƙananan IFyana ba da CTR mafi girma amma saurin sauyawa. Dole ne a ƙididdige mai juriya na jerin ta amfani da R = (Vsource- VF) / IF.
- Mai juriya na Kaya na Fitarwa (RL):Wannan mai juriya yana saita jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa, saurin sauyawa, da ɓarnar wutar lantarki. Ƙananan RLyana ba da saurin sauyawa amma ƙarancin jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa da mafi girma IC.
- Lalacewar CTR:CTR na photocouplers na iya lalacewa akan lokaci, musamman lokacin da ake aiki a manyan zafin jiki da manyan ƙarfin lantarki na LED. Don ƙirar dogon rai, rage aikin IFkuma tabbatar da isasshen sarrafa zafi.
- Juriyar Amo:Don wurare masu amo, ƙaramin capacitor na bypass (misali, 0.1 μF) a kan filayen shigarwa, kusa da na'urar, zai iya taimakawa. A kan fitarwa, shimfidar PCB mai hankali don rage ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don siginoni masu sauri.
7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
7.1 Bambanci daga Sauran Photocouplers
Jerin EL3H7U-G sun bambanta kansu ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙaramin fakitin SSOP, babban ƙimar keɓewa na 3750 Vrms, faɗin zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +125°C, da cikakkun takaddun shaida na aminci na duniya. Yawancin na'urorin da ke fafatawa na iya ba da CTR ko sauri iri ɗaya amma sun rasa cikakken jerin izini ko ikon zafin jiki.
7.2 Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin matakin daidaitaccen da matakan A/B/C?
A: Matsayin daidaitaccen yana da kewayon CTR mai faɗi sosai (50-600%). A, B, da matakan C an sanya su cikin ƙayyadaddun, ƙayyadaddun kewayon CTR (misali, 200-400% don matakin C). Yi amfani da sassa masu ƙima don ƙirar da ke buƙatar riba mai hasashe.
Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan don keɓewar siginar shigarwar AC?
A: Ba kai tsaye ba. Shigarwa shine IRED, wanda shine diode kuma yana gudana ne kawai a wata hanya. Don keɓe siginar AC, da farko za ku buƙaci gyara ta ko kuma amfani da takamaiman photocoupler na shigarwar AC.
Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai?
A> Matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai yana iyakance ta jimillar lokutan tashi da faɗuwa (tr+ tf). Kima mai karkata don siginar dijital shine Bandwidth ≈ 0.35 / (tr). Tare da trna 8 μs na yau da kullun, bandwidth yana kusan 44 kHz. Don amintaccen sadarwar dijital, ainihin ƙimar bayanai zai kasance ƙasa.
Q: Me yasa ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa yake da mahimmanci?
A: Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (CIO) yana da mahimmanci don ƙin amo mai girma na nau'i na gama gari. A cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin shingen keɓewa (kamar a cikin tuƙin mota), babban CIOzai iya haɗa amo daga farkon zuwa gefen na biyu, yana iya haifar da rashin aiki.
8. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
8.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali
Photocoupler yana aiki akan ka'idar canjin lantarki-haske-lantarki. Siginar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita a gefen shigarwa yana sa IRED ya fitar da hasken infrared daidai da ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan hasken yana ratsa shingen keɓewa mai haske a cikin fakitin. A gefen fitarwa, phototransistor yana gano wannan hasken, yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki na tushe wanda kuma yana sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa mafi girma. Da'irori biyu sun keɓe ta hanyar lantarki, tare da haɗin haske kawai tsakanin su.
8.2 Trends na Masana'antu
Trend a cikin fasahar photocoupler yana zuwa ga mafi girma sauri, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, haɗin kai mafi girma, da ƙananan fakitoci. Yayin da na'urorin na al'ada na tushen phototransistor kamar EL3H7U-G suna da kyau don keɓewar DC da ƙananan mitar, sabbin fasahohi kamar masu keɓewa na dijital (ta amfani da CMOS da RF ko haɗin ƙarfin lantarki) suna ba da ƙimar bayanai mafi girma sosai, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da halayen lokaci mafi kyau. Koyaya, photocouplers suna ci gaba da fa'idodi a cikin babban juriyar canjin nau'i na gama gari (CMTI), sauƙi, da ingantattun takaddun shaida na aminci don keɓewar babban ƙarfin lantarki, suna tabbatar da ci gaba da dacewarsu a cikin aikace-aikacen canza wutar lantarki da sarrafa masana'antu.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |