Takardar Bayani na Jerin ELM4XXA na Solid State Relay - Kunshin SOP mai Fil 4 - Karfin Lodi na 400V/600V - Halin Lodi na 120mA/50mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin ELM4XXA yana wakiltar iyali na guda ɗaya, buɗaɗɗe na al'ada (1 Form A) na solid-state relays (SSRs) wanda aka haɗa a cikin ƙaramin kunshin Small Outline Package (SOP) mai fil 4. An ƙera waɗannan na'urori don maye gurbin electromechanical relays (EMRs) a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban aminci, saurin sauya, da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Fasahar asali ta ƙunshi AlGaAs infrared LED wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa jerin diode na photovoltaic wanda ke tafiyar da fitarwar MOSFETs, yana ba da keɓewa tsakanin ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na sarrafawa da babban ƙarfin lantarki na lodi.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin jerin ELM4XXA ya samo asali ne daga ginin sa na tsarin daskararre. Muhimman fa'idodi sun haɗa da aikin shiru, rashin tuntuɓar tuntuɓe, dogon rayuwar aiki, da juriya ga girgiza da rawar jiki. Ƙarancin aikin wutar lantarki na LED yana rage nauyi akan sassan sarrafawa kamar microcontrollers ko ƙofofin dabaru. Jerin ya dace musamman don kayan aikin lantarki na zamani inda ƙanƙanta, ingantaccen amfani da makamashi, da aminci suka fi muhimmanci.

Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi:An ƙera wannan jerin relay don amfani a cikin kayan musayar sadarwa, kayan aikin ma'auni da gwaji, kayan aikin sarrafa masana'antu (FA) da sarrafa ofis (OA), tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, da tsarin tsaro.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ayyukan jerin ELM4XXA an bayyana shi ta cikin cikakken saitin ma'auni na lantarki, haske, da zafi. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai kyau da aiki mai aminci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙimar sun bayyana iyakar damuwa wanda za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba.

• Shigarwa (Bangaren LED):Matsakaicin halin gaba (I_F) shine 50 mA DC. Ana ba da izinin ƙaramin halin gaba (I_FP) na 1 A a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (0.1% aikin aiki a 100 Hz). Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 5 V.
• Fitarwa (Bangaren MOSFET):Ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa (V_L) ya bambanta manyan bambance-bambance guda biyu: 400 V don ELM440A da 600 V don ELM460A. Haka nan, matsakaicin ci gaba da halin lodi (I_L) shine 120 mA don sigar 400V da 50 mA don sigar 600V. Ana ba da izinin ƙarin halin lodi na bugun jini na ɗan gajeren lokaci (100 ms harbi guda ɗaya).
• Keɓewa:Na'urar tana ba da babban ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (V_iso) na 3750 V_rmsna minti 1, yana tabbatar da aminci da juriya ga hayaniya tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.
• Thermal:Kewayon yanayin yanayin aiki shine -40°C zuwa +85°C. Jimlar ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar (P_T) bai kamata ya wuce 550 mW ba.

2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki da Haske

Waɗannan ma'auni, an ƙayyade su a T_A= 25°C, suna bayyana halayen aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada.

• Halayen Shigarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F) yawanci shine 1.18V a I_F= 10 mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.5V. Wannan ƙananan V_Fyana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.
• Halayen Fitarwa:Muhimmin ma'auni shine juriya a kan-jihar (R_d(ON)). Don ELM440A, yawanci shine 20 Ω (matsakaicin 30 Ω), kuma don ELM460A, yawanci shine 40 Ω (matsakaicin 70 Ω). Wannan juriya yana shafar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki da asarar ƙarfi a cikin relay lokacin gudanarwa. Halin ɓarna na kashe-jihar (I_leak) an ba da garantin zai kasance ƙasa da 1 μA, yana rage asarar ƙarfi lokacin da relay ya buɗe.
• Halayen Canja wuri:Waɗannan suna bayyana dangantakar tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa. Halin kunna LED (I_F(on)) da ake buƙata don kunna cikakken fitarwar MOSFETs a matsakaicin lodi yana da ƙasa sosai, yawanci 1 mA (matsakaicin 5 mA). Halin kashe LED (I_F(off)) shine matsakaicin halin shigarwa wanda aka ba da garantin fitarwa ya kashe (I_L≤ 1 μA), yawanci 0.6 mA.
• Saurin Sauya:Lokacin kunna (T_on) da lokacin kashewa (T_off) suna cikin kewayon ƙasa da millisecond. A ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (I_F=10mA, I_L=MAX, R_L=200Ω), T_onyawanci shine 0.1 ms kuma T_offyawanci shine 0.2 ms. Wannan ya fi sauri fiye da yawancin EMRs.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayani tana ba da jadawali da yawa da ke nuna yadda manyan ma'auni ke bambanta da yanayin aiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ragewa da ƙirar ƙarfi.

3.1 Ragewa saboda Zafi

Hoto na 1: Halin Lodi vs. Yanayin Yanayiyana nuna wajibcin rage matsakaicin ci gaba da halin lodi yayin da yanayin yanayi ya karu. Duka ELM440A da ELM460A dole ne a rage halin lodin su a layi daya daga ƙimar su a 25°C zuwa sifili a kusan 100-120°C. Wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da jimlar ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar (I_L²* R_d(ON)) bai wuce iyaka a yanayin zafi ba.

3.2 Bambancin Juriya a Kan-lokaci da Lokacin Sauya

Hoto na 2: Juriya a Kan-lokaci vs. Yanayin Yanayiyana nuna cewa R_d(ON)yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki. Don ELM460A, R_d(ON)zai iya ƙaruwa da fiye da 50% daga 25°C zuwa 100°C. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin lissafin faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a yanayin zafi.

Hoto na 3: Lokacin Sauya vs. Yanayin Yanayiyana nuna cewa duka T_onda T_offsuna ƙaruwa da matsakaici tare da raguwar zafin jiki, musamman ƙasa da 0°C. Masu ƙirar da'irorin da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai sanyi dole ne su yi la'akari da ɗan jinkirin sauya.

3.3 Dangantakar Shigarwa/Fitarwa

Hotuna na 4 & 5: Lokacin Sauya vs. Halin Gaba na LEDsuna nuna cewa ƙara halin tuƙi na LED (I_F) yana rage lokacin kunna da kashewa sosai. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar yin ciniki tsakanin saurin sauya da amfani da wutar lantarki na shigarwa. Tuki LED tare da 20-30 mA maimakon 10 mA zai iya yanke lokacin sauya da fiye da rabi.

Hotuna na 6 & 7: Matsakaicin Halin Aikin LED vs. Zazzabisuna bayyana cewa ake buƙatar I_F(on)don kunna fitarwa yana raguwa tare da hawan zafin jiki, yayin da I_F(off)(inda yake kashewa) yana ƙaruwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan ƙuntataccen taga aiki a yanayin zafi a cikin ƙirar gefe.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Tsarin Fil da Tsarin Makirci

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen fil 4 na SOP.

• Fil 1: Anode na LED
• Fil 2: Cathode na LED
• Fil 3 & 4: Fitarwar MOSFET (Haɗin Source da Drain; da'irar ciki tana nuna an haɗa waɗannan ta hanyar da ta sa na'urar ta zama maɓalli na SPST).

Tsarin makirci ya tabbatar da gine-gine: infrared LED yana tafiyar da jerin sel na photovoltaic, wanda ke samar da ƙarfin lantarki don karkatar da ƙofofin fitarwar MOSFETs, yana kunna su.

4.2 Girman Kunshi da Alama

Kunshin yana da girman jiki na kusan 4.59mm x 3.81mm tare da tsayi na 1.73mm (matsakaicin). Tsarin fil yana da 2.54mm. An ba da shirin ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (tsarin kushin) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. An yiwa na'urar alama a saman tare da lambar da ke nuna tambarin mai kera, lambar sashi (misali, M440A), shekara/mako na ƙirƙira, da zaɓi na 'V' don sigar da aka amince da VDE.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

An ƙera na'urar don haɗawa ta fuska ta amfani da hanyoyin solder na sake kunnawa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zafin jiki na solder shine 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin sake kunnawa maras gubar (Pb-free). Masu ƙira yakamata su bi shirin kushin da aka ba da shawarar don hana kabari da tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwa. Na'urar ta yi daidai da umarnin maras halogen, maras gubar, da RoHS, yana sa ta dace da masana'antu masu kula da muhalli.

6. Bayanin Oda da Kunshi

Lambar sashi tana bin tsari: ELM4XXA(X)-VG.

• 4XXA:Cibiyar lambar sashi (440A don 400V, 460A don 600V).
• (X):Zaɓin tef da reel. 'TA' ko 'TB' suna nuna ƙayyadaddun reel daban-daban. Idan an bar shi, ana samar da sassa a cikin bututu na raka'a 100.
• -V:Ƙarin kari wanda ke nuna an amince da naúrar VDE.
• -G:Yana nuna bin ka'idar Halogen Free.

Daidaitattun sigogin SMD (kunshin bututu) sun ƙunshi raka'a 100. Zaɓin tef da reel sun ƙunshi raka'a 3000 a kowace reel.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirƙira

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

ELM4XXA ya dace don sauya matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki, sigina ko lodin ƙananan halin yanzu. Misalai sun haɗa da:

• Keɓance layukan siginar analog ko dijital a cikin kayan aikin gwaji.
• Sauya abubuwan dumama ko ƙananan solenoids a cikin sarrafa masana'antu.
• Samar da keɓancewar shigarwar sarrafawa a cikin wutar lantarki ko tuƙin mota.
• Matsakaici tsakanin ƙananan dabaru da mafi girma-ƙarfin lantarki na da'irorin gefe a cikin allunan tsaro.

7.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙirƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi na Shigarwa:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin koyaushe tare da LED don iyakance halin yanzu. An ƙididdige ƙimar kamar (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki - V_F) / Da ake so I_F. Don tabbatar da kashewa mai aminci, da'irar sarrafawa yakamata ta ja cathode na LED zuwa ƙarfin lantarki kusa da ƙarfin lantarki na anode, yana rage duk wani ɓarna wanda zai iya kunna fitarwa ba da gangan ba.
• Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Lodi na Fitarwa:An ƙera relay don sauya lodi na DC. Don lodin AC, za a buƙaci ƙarin kariya (kamar hanyar sadarwar snubber), kuma ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki tana nufin ƙarfin lantarki na kololuwa, ba RMS ba. Dole ne a rage halin lodi bisa ga Hoto na 1 dangane da matsakaicin yanayin yanayi da ake tsammani. Dole ne a ƙididdige asarar ƙarfi a cikin jihar a kan (I_L²* R_d(ON)) a yanayin aiki (ta amfani da R_d(ON)daga Hoto na 2) don tabbatar da cewa bai wuce P ba_out.
• Sarrafa Thermal:Duk da yake kunshin yana da ƙanƙanta, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da filaye (musamman fil 3 da 4) yana taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi da inganta ikon sarrafa halin yanzu da tsawon rai.
• Gefen Ƙarfin Lantarki:Don aiki mai aminci na dogon lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin fitarwa (V_L) yakamata ya sami gefe mai dacewa ƙasa da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa (400V ko 600V), musamman a cikin muhallai masu ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya electromechanical relays (EMRs), ELM4XXA yana ba da mafi kyawun tsammanin rayuwa (biliyoyin zagayowar vs. miliyoyin), saurin sauya, aikin shiru, da mafi kyawun juriya ga girgiza/rawar jiki. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran SSRs ko optocouplers tare da fitarwar transistor, fitarwar MOSFET ɗin sa yana ba da ƙarancin juriya a kan-lokaci kuma yana iya sauya duka lodin AC da DC tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki. Kunshin SOP mai fil 4 yana cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da ake samu don SSRs tare da waɗannan ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu, yana ba da tanadin sarari mai mahimmanci. Haɗa amincewa daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya (UL, cUL, VDE, da sauransu) yana sauƙaƙe takaddun samfur na ƙarshe don kasuwannin duniya.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Shin wannan relay zai iya sauya lodin AC?

Fitarwar MOSFETs suna da diode na jiki. A cikin daidaitaccen tsari, an ƙera na'urar da farko don sauya lodi na DC. Don sauya AC, ana iya haɗa na'urori biyu baya-da-baya (source-to-source), ko kuma dole ne wani da'ira na waje ya sarrafa halin yanzu a duka hanyoyin biyu. Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki tana shafi ƙarfin lantarki na kololuwa na siffar AC.

9.2 Me yasa halin lodi na sigar 600V (ELM460A) ya yi ƙasa da na sigar 400V (ELM440A)?

MOSFETs masu ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma yawanci suna da mafi girma takamaiman juriya a kan-lokaci (R_ds(on)* Area). Don dacewa cikin ƙaramin kunshin iri ɗaya, die na MOSFET mai ƙimar 600V zai sami mafi girma R_d(ON)(40-70 Ω vs. 20-30 Ω). Don wani halin yanzu da aka bayar, asarar ƙarfi (I²R) ya fi girma a cikin ɓangaren 600V. Don kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin iyakoki masu aminci da kuma kiyaye aminci, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu.

9.3 Ta yaya zan tabbatar cewa relay ya kashe gaba ɗaya?

Tabbatar da cewa da'irar sarrafawa tana rage halin yanzu ta hanyar shigarwar LED ƙasa da matsakaicin I_F(off)ƙayyadaddun bayanai (0.6 mA na al'ada). A aikace, wannan yana nufin tuki cathode na LED zuwa ƙarfin lantarki kusa da ƙarfin lantarki na anode, ko kuma amfani da resistor na jerin da ya isa don iyakance duk wani ragowar bambancin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa halin yanzu ƙasa da wannan bakin kofa. Guji shigarwa mai iyo.

10. Nazarin Hali na Ƙirƙira na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirƙirar maɓalli na ƙasan gefe don 24V DC, 80mA solenoid bawul a cikin mai sarrafa masana'antu tare da matsakaicin yanayin yanayi na 60°C. Siginar sarrafawa shine 3.3V daga microcontroller.

Zaɓin Na'ura:An zaɓi ELM440A (ƙimar 400V) saboda babban ikon halin yanzu. Lodi na 24V yana cikin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki.

Ragewa saboda Zafi:Daga Hoto na 1, a 60°C, ELM440A na iya ɗaukar kusan 90-95% na ƙimar sa na 120mA. 80mA yana da ~67% na ƙima, wanda ya yarda.

Ƙirar Da'irar Shigarwa:Zaton V_F= 1.2V. Don samar da halin tuƙi na 10mA don saurin sauya, resistor na jerin R = (3.3V - 1.2V) / 0.01A = 210 Ω. Ana iya amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 200 Ω. Filin GPIO zai iya samar da wannan halin yanzu kai tsaye.

Binciken Fitarwa:A 60°C, daga Hoto na 2, R_d(ON)yana da ~22-23 Ω. Asarar ƙarfi P = (0.08A)²* 23Ω = 0.147W. Wannan yana ƙasa da P_outƙimar 500mW. Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin relay = 0.08A * 23Ω = 1.84V, yana barin 22.16V don solenoid.

Shimfidawa:Bi shirin kushin da aka ba da shawarar, kuma haɗa filayen drain/source (3 & 4) zuwa yalwar yankunan tagulla don taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

ELM4XXA yana aiki bisa ka'idar keɓewa ta haske. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da halin gaba ga shigarwar AlGaAs infrared LED, yana fitar da haske. Wannan haske ana gano shi ta hanyar jerin diode na photovoltaic a gefen fitarwa mai keɓewa. Wannan jeri yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki buɗaɗɗen da'ira wanda ya isa ya haɓaka ƙofofin fitarwar MOSFETs na N-channel waɗanda suka zama maɓallin fitarwa. Lokacin da aka cire halin yanzu na LED, ƙarfin lantarki na photovoltaic yana lalacewa, kuma ƙofofin MOSFET suna fitarwa ta hanyoyin ciki, suna kashe maɓallin fitarwa. Wannan tsari yana ba da keɓewa na kilovolts da yawa tsakanin da'irorin shigarwa da fitarwa, yana kare na'urorin lantarki masu hankali daga ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi a gefen lodi.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Kasuwar solid-state relay na ci gaba da haɓakawa zuwa mafi girman yawan ƙarfi, ƙarancin juriya a kan-lokaci, da ƙananan kunshi. Ci gaban kayan semiconductor, kamar amfani da silicon carbide (SiC) ko gallium nitride (GaN) don maɓallan fitarwa, zai iya ba da damar SSRs na gaba a cikin irin wannan kunshi don sarrafa mafi girma ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu tare da ƙananan asara. Haɗa fasalulluka na kariya kamar gano wuce gona da iri, kashewa na thermal, da martani na jihar kai tsaye cikin kunshin SSR wani ƙarin trend ne mai girma, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin da inganta ƙarfi. Bukatar ƙanƙanta da babban aminci a cikin aikace-aikacen mota, IoT na masana'antu, da makamashi mai sabuntawa zai ci gaba da tura ƙirƙira a cikin wannan nau'in sashi.