ELM456 Jerin 5-Pin SOP Na'urar Haske Mai Hikima (IPM) Datasheet - Babban Keɓancewar 3750Vrms - 30V Wadata - Ba Mai Halogen ba - Takaddun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin ELM456 yana wakiltar dangin na'urorin haske mai hikima (IPM) waɗanda aka ƙera don babban dogaro na keɓancewa a cikin lantarki na wutar lantarki. Waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa diode mai fitar da infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa babban mai ganin hoto mai riba a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar masana'antu ta 5-pin Small Outline Package (SOP). Babban aikin shine samar da ƙaƙƙarfan keɓancewar lantarki da watsa siginar tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin sarrafawa da matakan wutar lantarki masu girma, kamar waɗanda ake samu a cikin tuƙin mota da masu juyawa.

Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin babban iyawar keɓancewa, wanda aka ƙidaya a 3750 Vrms, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aminci da kariya daga hayaniya a cikin aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki. An ƙera na'urorin don ɗora saman, yana sauƙaƙe hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan ƙirar PCB. Bin ka'idojin ba mai halogen ba, ba mai gubar ba, RoHS, da ƙa'idodin REACH suna jaddada dacewarsu don ƙirar lantarki na zamani, mai hankali ga muhalli.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Zurfin Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Maɓallan maɓalli sun haɗa da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA don LED shigarwa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa (V_CC) na 30 V, da halin yanzu na fitarwa (I_O) na 15 mA. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓancewa (V_ISO) an ƙayyade shi azaman 3750 Vrms na minti ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun zafi (40-60% RH). Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan aiki a duk faɗin yanayin masana'antu. Ƙimar zafin solder na 260°C na dakika 10 yana daidaitawa da daidaitattun bayanan sake kwarara mara gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

An raba halayen lantarki zuwa shigarwa, fitarwa, da sigogi na canja wuri, yana ba da cikakken bayanin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) na LED shigarwa yawanci 1.45V a halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 10 mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V. Wannan ƙananan V_Fyana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan ɓarnawar wutar lantarki a cikin da'irar tuƙi. Juyawar halin yanzu (I_R) shine matsakaicin 10 µA a 5V juyawa mai karkata, yana nuna kyawawan halayen diode. Ƙarfin shigarwa (C_IN) yawanci 60 pF, wanda shine abin da za a yi la'akari a cikin aikace-aikacen sauyawa mai sauri don guje wa ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa akan direba.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitowa da Canja wuri

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wadata yana da ƙasa, tare da I_CCH(babban matakin wadata na yanzu) yawanci 0.7 mA lokacin da shigarwar ta kashe (I_F=0mA, V_CC=5V). An ƙayyade rabon canja wurin halin yanzu (CTR) a matsayin mafi ƙarancin 220% a I_F=10mA, V_O=0.6V, da V_CC=5V. Babban CTR yana tabbatar da cewa ƙaramin halin yanzu na shigarwa zai iya fitar da matakin fitarwa yadda ya kamata, yana inganta inganci. Ƙananan ƙarfin fitarwa (V_OL) yawanci 0.15V (matsakaicin 0.6V) a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, yana tabbatar da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin ƙananan dabaru.

2.3 Halayen Sauya

Ayyukan sauyawa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na lokaci kamar tuƙin ƙofar PWM. Lokacin jinkirin yaduwa don fitar da babba (T_PHL) yawanci 150 ns, yayin da jinkiri zuwa fitarwa ƙasa (T_PLH) yawanci 450 ns. Karkatar da faɗin bugun jini (|T_PHL– T_PLH|) yawanci 300 ns. Dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan jinkirin da ba su da daidaituwa a cikin ƙirar lokacin tsarin don hana murdiya siginar. Garkuwar canjin yanayi na gama gari (CMTI) shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙayyade a mafi ƙarancin 10 kV/µs don duka babban dabaru (C_MH) da ƙananan dabaru (C_ML) jihohi. Wannan babban ƙimar CMTI yana tabbatar da aiki mai dogaro a cikin yanayi mai hayaniya tare da saurin canza ƙarfin lantarki na gama gari, kamar a cikin tsarin tuƙin mota.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Takaddun bayanan yana nuni zuwa madaidaitan lanƙwasa halayen lantarki-haske. Duk da yake ba a yi cikakken bayani game da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, irin waɗannan lanƙwasa yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (lanƙwasa I-V), dogaron zafin jiki na CTR, da bambancin jinkirin yaduwa tare da kaya ko zafin jiki. Bincika waɗannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci ga masu zane don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba, inganta wuraren aiki don inganci da sauri, da tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a duk kewayon zafin da aka yi niyya. Misali, CTR gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki, wanda zai iya buƙatar raguwa ko ramuwa a cikin ƙira.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Tsarin Fil da Aiki

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin SOP 5-pin. Fitowar fil kamar haka: Fil 1: Anode, Fil 3: Cathode (Shigar LED); Fil 4: GND, Fil 5: V_OUT, Fil 6: V_CC(Bangaren fitarwa). Muhimmin bayanin ƙira ya ƙayyade cewa dole ne a haɗa capacitor na wucewa na 0.1 µF tsakanin fil 6 (V_CC) da 4 (GND) don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da rage hayaniya.

4.2 Girman Kunshin da Tsarin Gado da aka Shawarta

Takaddun bayanan ya haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma na kunshin (a cikin mm) don kunshin SOP. Hakanan yana ba da shawarar tsarin gado don ɗora saman. Yin bin wannan shawarar gado yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantattun haɗin gwiwa, daidaitaccen kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da ingantaccen zubar da zafi yayin aikin sake kwarara. Zanen gado yana la'akari da abubuwa kamar samuwar fillet na solder da rigakafin kabari.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Takaddun yana ba da takamaiman kariya don solder, yana ba da cikakken bayanin matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki na jiki wanda ya dace da IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D don sake kwarara mara gubar. Maɓallan maɓalli na wannan bayanin sun haɗa da: matakin preheat daga 150°C zuwa 200°C sama da 60-120 daƙiƙa, matsakaicin zafin jiki (T_P) na 260°C, da lokaci sama da ruwa (217°C) tsakanin 60-100 daƙiƙa. Na'urar na iya jurewa har zuwa zagaye uku na sake kwarara. Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da ɓawon burodi na ciki, yana tabbatar da dogon lokacin dogaro.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Tsarin Lambar Sashe na Oda

Lambar sashe tana bin tsari: ELM456(Y)-VG. Prefix "EL" yana nuna mai kera. "M456" shine lambar na'urar tushe. "Y" yana wakiltar zaɓin teep da reel (TA ko TB). "V" yana nuna amincewar VDE (zaɓi, an lura da jiran a cikin wannan takaddun). "G" yana nuna ginin ba mai halogen ba. Zaɓuɓɓukan TA da TB sun bambanta ta hanyar ciyarwa daga reel, suna ɗaukar nauyin daban-daban na injin ɗauka da sanyawa. Duk zaɓuɓɓukan biyu suna tattara raka'a 1000 a kowace reel.

6.2 Ƙayyadaddun Teep da Reel

An ba da cikakkun girman teep, gami da girman aljihu (A, B), diamita rami (D_o, D₁), tsayi (P₀, P₁), da faɗin teep (W). Waɗannan girma suna da mahimmanci don saita kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik daidai don tabbatar da ingantaccen ciyarwar sashi da sanyawa.

6.3 Alamar Na'ura

Ana yiwa na'urori alama a saman saman. Alamar ta haɗa da: "EL" (lambar mai kera), "M456" (lambar na'ura), lambar shekara mai lamba ɗaya (Y), lambar mako biyu (WW), da "V" don zaɓin VDE. Wannan alamar yana ba da damar gano ranar ƙira da bambance-bambance.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

An ƙera jerin ELM456 musamman don:

• Keɓancewar IPM (Module na Wutar Lantarki Mai Hikima):Samar da keɓancewar da ake buƙata tsakanin microcontroller da babban IPM na wutar lantarki.
• Tuƙi na Ƙofar IGBT/MOSFET Mai Keɓancewa:Tuƙin ƙofofin maɓallan wutar lantarki a cikin rabin gada ko cikakken tsarin gada yayin kiyaye keɓancewa.
• Tuƙin Motocin AC da DC maras gogewa:Keɓance siginar sarrafawa a cikin tuƙi masu canzawa da masu sarrafa mota.
• Masu Juyawa na Masana'antu:Ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin UPS, masu jujjuya hasken rana, da sauran kayan aikin canza wutar lantarki.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani da Bayanan Kula na Zane

Dole ne masu zane su yi la'akari da maɓalli da yawa:

• Capacitor na Wucewa:Dole ne a sanya capacitor na tilas na 0.1 µF tsakanin V_CCda GND (fil 6 & 4) kusa da fil ɗin na'urar don yin tasiri.
• Jinkirin Yaduwa:Jinkirin yaduwa mara daidaituwa (T_PHLda T_PLH) zai shafi faɗin bugun jini da aka watsa. Ana iya buƙatar ramuwa a cikin software ko ta hanyar da'irar waje idan ana buƙatar ingantaccen amincin bugun jini.
• Resistor mai iyakancewa Halin yanzu:Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na waje a jere tare da LED shigarwa (Anode, Fil 1) don iyakance halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) zuwa ƙimar aminci, yawanci tsakanin 5-16 mA kamar yadda buƙatun aikace-aikace suke, kuma kada ya wuce 20 mA.
• Resistor Load:Fitarwa yawanci yana buƙatar resistor na ja sama ko kaya (R_L) wanda aka haɗa tsakanin V_OUT(Fil 5) da V_CC. Ƙimar R_Lyana rinjayar saurin sauyawa da amfani da halin yanzu; Ana amfani da 350 Ω a cikin yanayin gwajin takaddun bayanai.
• Keɓancewar Creepage da Bayani:Tsarin PCB dole ne ya kiyaye isasshen nisa na creepage da bayani (kamar yadda ƙa'idodin aminci masu dacewa kamar IEC 60950-1 ko IEC 61800-5-1) tsakanin bangaren farko (shigarwa) da na biyu (fitarwa) na kewaye, ko da yake na'urar da kanta tana ba da shingen keɓancewa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Duk da yake ba a ba da kwatancen kai tsaye tare da takamaiman sassa na abokin hamayya a cikin takaddun tushe ba, ana iya kimanta jerin ELM456 dangane da ƙayyadaddun bayanansa da aka buga. Maɓallan bambance-bambance sun haɗa da babban ƙimar keɓancewa na 3750 Vrms, wanda zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da yawancin na'urorin haske na yau da kullun waɗanda aka ƙidaya a 2500 Vrms ko 5000 Vrms. Haɗin babban CMTI (10 kV/µs min) da ƙaƙƙarfan kunshin SOP yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari, mai hayaniya. Rashin halogen da cikakkiyar yarda da muhalli (RoHS, REACH) fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga kasuwanni masu ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ƙa'ida. Jiran amincewa daga manyan hukumomin aminci (UL, cUL, VDE, da sauransu) yana nuna niyyar ƙira don ƙa'idodin aminci da duniya ta amince da su.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q1: Menene manufar babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na keɓancewa (3750 Vrms)?

A1: Wannan ƙimar tana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci kuma tana hana lalacewa mai haɗari tsakanin ƙananan da'irar sarrafawa da babban da'irar wutar lantarki. Bukata ce ta aminci ga kayan aiki da yawa da aka haɗa da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa (misali, tuƙi na 230VAC/400VAC) kuma yana ba da ƙarfin kariya daga hayaniya.

Q2: Me yasa lokutan jinkirin yaduwa (T_PHLda T_PLH) sun bambanta?

A2: Rashin daidaituwa yana cikin ƙirar mai ganin hoto na ciki da ƙira mai ƙarfi. Tsarin kashewa (T_PLH) yawanci yana da hankali fiye da kunna (T_PHL). Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na lokaci don guje wa murdiya bugun jini.

Q3: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa shigarwa?

A3: Yi amfani da dokar Ohm: R_IYAKA= (V_TUƘI- V_F) / I_F. V_TUƘIshine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na dabaru (misali, 3.3V, 5V). Yi amfani da na yau da kullun V_F(1.45V) don lissafi, amma tabbatar I_Fbai wuce 20 mA ba a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi (matsakaicin V_TUƘI, min R_IYAKAjurewa). Na yau da kullun I_Fdon tabbatar da CTR shine 10 mA.

Q4: Menene ma'anar "Garkuwar Canjin Yanayi na Gama Gari", kuma me ya sa yake da mahimmanci?

A4: CMTI yana auna ikon na'urar don ƙin saurin canjin wutar lantarki waɗanda suka bayyana daidai a bangarorin biyu na shingen keɓancewa (misali, saboda sauyin hayaniya a cikin tuƙin mota). Ƙananan CMTI na iya haifar da fitarwa da kuskure. Ana ɗaukar ƙimar 10 kV/µs mai kyau ga aikace-aikacen sarrafa mota na masana'antu.

Q5: Takaddun bayanan ya jera yawancin izinin aminci a matsayin "JIRAN." Zan iya amfani da wannan sashi a cikin samfurin ƙarshe?

A5: Don samfurin da ke buƙatar izinin aminci (UL, VDE, da sauransu), dole ne ku tabbatar da matsayin ƙarshe na waɗannan takaddun tare da mai kera ko mai rarrabawa kafin a kammala ƙira da ci gaba da samarwa. Yin amfani da na'urar ba tare da takaddun shaida da ake buƙata ba na iya hana samfurin ku na ƙarshe samun takaddun shaidar amincin sa.

10. Ainihin Zane da Amfani da Shari'ar

Shari'ar: Tuƙi na Ƙofar Keɓancewa don Mai Juyawa na Motar BLDC mai 3-Lokaci

A cikin na'urar juyawa mai lokaci 3 na yau da kullun wanda ke tuƙa motar DC maras gogewa, ana amfani da maɓallan wutar lantarki shida (IGBTs ko MOSFETs). Kowane maɓalli yana buƙatar siginar tuƙi na ƙofar keɓance. Ana iya amfani da ELM456 ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan tashoshi shida. Siginar PWM na microcontroller ana ciyar da su cikin anode (ta hanyar resistors masu iyakancewa) na na'urori shida na ELM456. Fitarwa (V_OUT) na kowane mai ɗaukar hoto yana tuƙi shigarwar takamaiman ƙwararren direba na ƙofa, wanda sannan yana ba da manyan bugun jini da ake buƙata don sauya IGBTs cikin sauri. Keɓancewar 3750 Vrms na ELM456 yana kare microcontroller mai hankali daga babban bas ɗin DC (sau da yawa 300-600VDC). Babban CMTI yana tabbatar da cewa saurin canjin sauyawa daga mai juyawa baya haifar da kuskuren tayar da siginar ƙofar. Ƙaƙƙarfan kunshin SOP yana ba da damar duk masu keɓancewa shida su dace da kyau kusa da microcontroller. Dole ne ƙirar ta haɗa da capacitors shida na wucewa na 0.1 µF waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye a V_CC/GND fil na kowane ELM456.

11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Mai ɗaukar hoto (ko optocoupler) na'ura ce da ke canja wurin siginar lantarki tsakanin da'irori biyu masu keɓancewa ta amfani da haske. ELM456 ya ƙunshi manyan sassa guda biyu akan ɓawon burodi daban-daban a cikin kunshin ɗaya, marar kyau. A bangaren shigarwa, diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (LED) yana canza siginar lantarki mai shigowa zuwa madaidaicin ƙarfin hasken infrared. Wannan hasken yana tafiya a kan shingen keɓancewa mai gani (sau da yawa filastik ko tazarar iska). A bangaren fitarwa, mai ganin hoto (yawanci phototransistor ko photo-diode tare da amplifier) yana karɓar wannan hasken kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa siginar lantarki. Maɓalli shine cewa babu haɗin lantarki—haske kawai—a kan shingen, wanda ke ba da keɓancewar galvanic. Babban riba amplifier a cikin matakin fitarwa na ELM456 yana ba shi damar cimma babban rabon canja wurin halin yanzu (CTR), ma'ana ƙaramin halin yanzu na shigarwa yana samar da mafi girma halin yanzu mai amfani.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Filin keɓancewar galvanic yana haɓaka. Duk da yake na'urorin haske na gargajiya kamar ELM456 suna ci gaba da zama sananne sosai saboda girmansu, ingancin farashi, da manyan ƙimar wutar lantarki, madadin fasahohin suna samun karbuwa. Masu keɓancewa na capacitive suna amfani da canjin filayen lantarki a kan shingen silicon dioxide, suna ba da mafi girma sauri, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da mafi girma haɗin kai (tashoshi da yawa a cikin kunshin ɗaya). Masu keɓancewa na Magnetic (inductive) suna amfani da coils na transformer, suma suna ba da babban gudu da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, masu ɗaukar hoto suna ci gaba da riƙe manyan fa'idodi a cikin iyawar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai girma sosai, sauƙi, da tabbataccen dogon lokacin dogaro a cikin yanayi mai tsauri. Trends a cikin fasahar mai ɗaukar hoto da kanta sun haɗa da turawa don mafi girma sauri (ƙananan jinkirin yaduwa), mafi girma CMTI don aikace-aikacen mafi hayaniya, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan ƙafafun kunshin, da haɗa ƙarin fasali kamar fitarwa mara aminci ko keɓancewar I2C. Ƙaura zuwa ba mai halogen ba da ingantaccen yarda da kayan aiki, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ELM456, wani yanayi ne na masana'antu na duniya wanda ƙa'idodin muhalli ke motsawa.