PD333-3B/L1 5mm Photodiode Datasheet - 5mm Diameter - 32V Reverse Voltage - Black Lens - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD333-3B/L1 babban sauri ne, babban hankali silicon PIN photodiode wanda aka haɗa a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin filastik mai diamita 5mm. Babban aikinsa shine canza hasken da ya shiga, musamman a cikin bakan infrared, zuwa wutar lantarki. Na'urar tana da ruwan tabarau na epoxy baki, wanda ke haɓaka hankalinsa ga radiation infrared yayin da yake rage amsa ga hasken da ake iya gani. Wannan ya sa ya dace musamman da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano a cikin kewayon infrared na kusa. Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da saurin amsarsa, babban hankalin hoto, da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don gano siginar sauri. An ƙera shi azaman ɓangaren da ba shi da gubar (Pb-free) kuma ya bi ka'idojin muhalli masu dacewa kamar RoHS da EU REACH.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki cikin aminci a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakoki. Wuce waɗannan ma'auni na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):32 V - Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi a kan tashoshin photodiode.
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon yanayin zafi na yanayi don aiki na yau da kullun.
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C - Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
• Yanayin Zafin Solder (T_sol):260°C - Matsakaicin zafin jiki da na'urar za ta iya jurewa yayin hanyoyin solder.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_c):150 mW - Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin zafi.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin photodiode a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C).

• Faɗin Bakan Haske (λ_0.5):840 nm zuwa 1100 nm - Kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda amsa aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Hankali (λ_P):940 nm (Na Yau da Kullun) - Tsawon raƙuman haske wanda photodiode ya fi hankali.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Budaddiyar Kewayawa (V_OC):0.44 V (Na Yau da Kullun) - Ƙarfin lantarki da aka samar a kan tashoshin buɗe ido lokacin da aka haskaka (E_e=5 mW/cm², λ_p=940nm).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gajeriyar Kewayawa (I_SC):10 µA (Na Yau da Kullun) - Ƙarfin lantarki da ke gudana lokacin da tashoshi suka gajarta a ƙarƙashin haske (E_e=1 mW/cm², λ_p=940nm).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Haske na Baya (I_L):Mafi ƙanƙanta 15 µA - Ƙarfin lantarki na hoto da aka samar a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R=5V, E_e=1 mW/cm², λ_p=940nm). Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don gano siginar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu na Baya (I_D):Matsakaicin 30 nA - Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na yabo da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na baya a cikin cikakken duhu (V_R=10V). Ƙimar ƙasa tana da kyau don mafi kyawun rabo siginar zuwa amo.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Rushewar Baya (V_BR):Mafi ƙanƙanta 32 V, Na Yau da Kullun 170 V - Ƙarfin lantarki na baya wanda haɗin gwiwa ya rushe kuma ƙarfin lantarki ya ƙaru da sauri.
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C_t):6.0 pF (Na Yau da Kullun) - Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R=5V, f=1MHz). Ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai sauri.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faduwa (t_r/t_f):10 ns (Na Yau da Kullun) - Lokacin da ake buƙata don siginar fitarwa ta tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% (ko faɗi daga 90% zuwa 10%) na ƙimar ƙarshenta (V_R=10V, R_L=100Ω). Wannan yana ayyana matsakaicin saurin sauyawa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba PD333-3B/L1 zuwa kwandon daban-daban dangane da aikin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Haske na Baya (I_L) a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji (E_e=1mW/cm², λ_p=940nm, V_R=5V). Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar ɓangarorin tare da daidaitaccen aiki don aikace-aikacensu.

Takardar bayanan kuma ta lura da ƙimar daidaitawa na yau da kullun: Ƙarfin Haskakawa ±10%, Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye ±1nm, da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba ±0.1V, ko da yake na biyun sun fi dacewa da LEDs fiye da wannan photodiode.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da lanƙwai na halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar kewayawa da hasashen aiki.

4.1 Hankalin Haske na Bakan (Spectral)

Lanƙwan amsa na bakan yana nuna mahimmin hankalin na'urar a duk faɗin tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban. Yana kololuwa a 940 nm (infrared) kuma yana da amsa mai mahimmanci daga kusan 840 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da dacewarsa da tsarin tushen IR kamar sarrafa nesa da firikwensin kusanci.

4.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

An ba da lanƙwai suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu na Baya da Yanayin Zafin Yanayi, da Rushewar Wutar Lantarki da Yanayin Zafin Yanayi. Ƙarfin lantarki na duhu yawanci yana ƙaruwa tare da zafin jiki, wanda zai iya shafar ƙasan amo a cikin aikace-aikace masu hankali. Lanƙwan rage ƙimar wutar lantarki yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 25°C.

4.3 Halayen Lantarki

Manyan zane-zane sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Haske na Baya da Irradiance (E_e):Yana nuna alaƙar layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na hoto da aka samar da ƙarfin hasken da ya shiga, wanda shine ainihin kaddarorin photodiodes.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Tasha da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na baya. Yin aiki a mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na baya (a cikin iyakoki) zai iya inganta sauri ta hanyar rage ƙarfin ƙarfi.
• Lokacin Amsa da Resistance na Load:Yana kwatanta yadda lokacin tashi/faɗuwa ya shafi resistor na load (R_L) a cikin kewayawa. Ƙananan R_Lgabaɗaya yana haifar da amsa mai sauri amma ƙaramin jujjuyawar ƙarfin fitarwa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin filastik mai diamita 5mm. Zanen girmen kunshin yana ba da ma'auni masu mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da haɗin injiniya. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da jimlar diamita (5mm), tazarar jagora, da tsayin ɓangaren. Zanen ya ƙayyade ƙimar daidaitawa na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Kunshin yana da manyan jagora guda biyu don haɗin lantarki. Jikin epoxy baki yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau da tace IR. Ya kamata a gano daidaitaccen polarity bisa zanen tasha na takardar bayanan; yawanci, ana nuna cathode ta hanyar mafi tsayin jagora, wuri mai lebur akan kunshin, ko takamaiman alama.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

An ƙididdige ɓangaren don matsakaicin zafin jiki na solder na 260°C. Ana iya amfani da daidaitattun bayanan sake kunnawa ko solder na igiyar ruwa don hanyoyin da ba su da jagora, tabbatar da cewa an sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin sama da ruwa don hana lalacewar zafi. Ya kamata a yi solder na hannu da sauri tare da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki. Ana ba da shawarar adana ɓangarorin a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da matsala yayin solder (popcorning).

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun shiryawa shine guda 500 a kowace jaka, jakuna 5 a kowace akwati, da akwatuna 10 a kowace akwati, jimlar guda 25,000 a kowace akwati. Alamar da ke kan kunshin ta haɗa da filaye don Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur (P/N), Yawan Shiryawa (QTY), da matakan aiki masu dacewa (CAT don ƙarfi, da sauransu), tare da Lambar Lot da lambar kwanan wata don bin diddigin.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Gano Hoton Sauri:Ya dace da watsa bayanai akan fiber na gani, na'urorin binciken barcode, da na'urorin ɓoye na gani saboda lokacin amsarsa na 10ns.
• Tsarin Tsaro:Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin katakon gano kutsawa, na'urorin gano hayaƙi, ko azaman mai karɓa don sadarwar tsaro na tushen IR.
• Aikace-aikacen Kyamara:Yana da amfani don auna haske, tsarin taimakon mai da hankali kai tsaye, ko azaman saka idanu na tace IR.
• Hankalin Masana'antu:Gano abu, ƙidaya, da hankalin matsayi a cikin kayan aikin atomatik.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

• Kewayawar Lantarki (Bias Circuit):Ana iya amfani da photodiode a cikin yanayin photovoltaic (zero bias) don aikace-aikacen ƙananan amo ko yanayin photoconductive (reverse bias) don mafi girman sauri da layi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 32V yana ba da damar zaɓin ƙarfin lantarki mai faɗi.
• Ƙarfafawa:Ƙarfin fitarwa ƙanƙane ne (microamps), don haka kusan koyaushe ana buƙatar amplifier na transimpedance (TIA) don canza ƙarfin lantarki zuwa siginar ƙarfin lantarki mai amfani.
• Amo:Don aikace-aikace masu hankali, yi la'akari da ƙarfin lantarki na duhu da dogaronsa na zafin jiki. Ana buƙatar kariya da tsarin PCB mai kyau don rage ɗaukar amo na lantarki.
• Tace Haske:Epoxy baki yana ba da wasu tacewa, amma don zaɓin takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa, ƙarin tace hasken bandpass na iya zama dole.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da photodiodes na gabaɗaya, PD333-3B/L1 yana ba da haɗin gwiwa mai daidaito na sauri (10ns), hankali (mafi ƙanƙanta 15µA @ ƙayyadaddun yanayi), da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 32V a cikin kunshin gama gari na 5mm. Gininsa na silicon da tsarin PIN suna ba da kyakkyawar ciniki tsakanin farashi, sauri, da hankali don aikace-aikacen infrared na kusa. Madadin na iya haɗawa da photodiodes tare da ƙananan kunshin don ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari, waɗanda ke da amsa na bakan daban-daban (misali, hasken da ake iya gani), ko photodiodes na avalanche (APDs) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar riba na ciki, ko da yake APDs sun fi rikitarwa da tsada.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin yanayin photovoltaic da photoconductive?

A: A cikin yanayin photovoltaic (zero bias), photodiode yana samar da nasa ƙarfin lantarki/ƙarfin lantarki, yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu da amo. A cikin yanayin photoconductive (reverse bias), ana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na waje, wanda ke rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (ƙara sauri) da inganta layi, a farashin ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi kwandon da ya dace?

A: Zaɓi kwandon bisa ga mafi ƙaramin ƙarfin siginar da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacenku. Yin amfani da mafi girman kwando yana tabbatar da siginar mai ƙarfi amma yana iya haifar da tasirin farashi. Don daidaito a cikin samarwa, ƙayyade kwandon guda ɗaya.

Q: Shin ana iya amfani da wannan photodiode don gano hasken da ake iya gani?

A: Duk da yake yana da wasu amsa a cikin bakan jajayen da ake iya gani, kololuwa yana a 940nm (IR), kuma epoxy baki yana rage hasken da ake iya gani. Don babban gano hasken da ake iya gani, photodiode tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ko mai launi na musamman da tsayin raƙuman ruwa a cikin kewayon da ake iya gani zai fi dacewa.

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor na load (R_L) ya kamata in yi amfani da shi?

A: Ya dogara da saurin da ake buƙata da matakin siginar. Ƙananan R_L(misali, 50Ω) yana ba da amsa mai sauri amma ƙaramin fitarwa na ƙarfin lantarki (Vout = I_ph* R_L). Babban R_Lyana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki amma amsa mai jinkiri saboda lokacin RC da aka kafa tare da ƙarfin diode. Duba lanƙwan "Lokacin Amsa da Resistance na Load".

11. Misalin Zane na Aiki

Hali: Mai Hankali Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi

Amfani na gama gari shine mai hankali na karya katako. An sanya LED IR mai fitarwa a 940nm a gaban photodiode na PD333-3B/L1. Ana sarrafa photodiode a cikin yanayin photoconductive tare da ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V ta hanyar resistor na load (misali, 10kΩ). A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, hasken IR ya bugi diode, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na hoto kuma yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor. Lokacin da wani abu ya karya katako, ƙarfin lantarki na hoto ya ragu sosai, yana haifar da babban canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor. Ana iya ciyar da wannan siginar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa cikin mai kwatanta don samar da katsewar lamba don microcontroller. Lokacin amsa na 10ns ya fi sauri fiye da yadda ake buƙata don wannan aikace-aikace, amma babban hankali yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci ko da tare da mafi raunin tushen IR ko a tsayin nesa.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce mai yanki na asali (I) wanda aka lulluɓe tsakanin yankuna na P-type da N-type. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor suka bugi na'urar, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu a cikin yankin na asali. A ƙarƙashin tasirin yuwuwar gina ciki (yanayin photovoltaic) ko ƙarfin lantarki na baya da aka yi amfani da shi (yanayin photoconductive), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji sun watse, suna haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na hoto wanda za a iya aunawa wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya shiga. Faɗin yanki na asali a cikin tsarin PIN yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen photodiode na PN, yana ba da damar yin aiki mai sauri.

13. Trends na Masana'antu

Bukatar photodiodes na ci gaba da girma a fagage kamar kayan lantarki na mabukaci (firikwensin wayar hannu, abubuwan sawa), mota (LiDAR, saka idanu direba), sarrafa kai ta masana'antu, da sadarwa (cibiyoyin bayanai). Trends sun haɗa da ƙarin ƙananan ƙira zuwa kunshin ma'auni na guntu, haɗawa tare da ƙarfafawa akan guntu da kewayawar siginar, haɓaka photodiodes don sabbin kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa (misali, infrared na gajeren raƙuman ruwa), da haɓaka ma'auni na aiki kamar ƙananan amo da mafi girma sauri don biyan buƙatun fasahohin da ke tasowa.