Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na HIR333/H0 - LED Infrared 5mm - 1.45V - 850nm - 150mW - Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

HIR333/H0 wata diode ce mai fitar da hasken infrared mai ƙarfi, wacce aka sanya a cikin akwati na yau da kullun T-1 3/4 (5mm) mai rami, tare da ruwan tabarau na roba mai launin rawaya. An ƙera wannan na'urar don ba da aiki mai dogaro a cikin tsarin gani da sadarwa na infrared. Babban aikinta shi ne fitar da hasken infrared a tsayin zango mafi girma na 850nm, wanda aka inganta don dacewa da na'urorin gani na silicon kamar phototransistor, photodiodes, da na'urorin karɓar infrared. An ƙera samfurin ne da nufin samun dogaro mai girma da fitarwa mai daidaito.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Cibiyar da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da tsananin ƙarfin haskensa, wanda ke ba da damar watsa siginar mai ƙarfi, da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen aiki mai inganci. An gina shi ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma ya bi manyan umarnin muhalli da aminci ciki har da RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin rashin halogen (Br < 900ppm, Cl < 900ppm, Br+Cl < 1500ppm). Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen infrared na kasuwanci da masana'antu da yawa inda bin ka'idoji da dogaron dogon lokaci suke da mahimmanci. Kasuwar da ake nufi ta haɗa da masu kera tsarin tsaro, na'urorin sarrafa nesa, maɓallan haske, na'urorin gano abubuwa, da kayan lantarki na mabukaci da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar tushen haske mara ganuwa.

2. Bita Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki, na gani, da na zafi waɗanda ke ayyana iyakokin aiki da aikin LED.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba za a taɓa wuce waɗannan ƙimar ba, ko da na ɗan lokaci. Ya kamata a ci gaba da aiki a cikin sharuɗɗan aiki da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogaro.

• Ci gaba da Gaba Mai Gaba (I_F): 100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin DC wanda za'a iya ci gaba da amfani da shi ga LED.
• Kololuwar Gaba Mai Gaba (I_FP): 1.0 A. Wannan babban halin yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da faɗin bugun jini ≤ 100μs da cikakken aiki ≤ 1% don hana yin zafi sosai.
• Juyawar Wutar Lantarki (V_R): 5 V. Wuce wannan jujjuyawar wutar lantarki na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 150 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin iska kyauta. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa tare da haɓakar yanayin yanayi.
• Yanayin Zafin Jiki: Aiki: -40°C zuwa +85°C; Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder (T_sol): 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, yana ayyana iyakoki don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake karkatarwa.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

An ƙayyade Halayen Lantarki-Gani a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na yanayin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C. Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Rana (I_e): Wannan shine ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa kowace raka'a mai ƙarfi, wanda aka auna a milliwatts kowace steradian (mW/sr). Ƙimar ta yau da kullun ita ce 15 mW/sr a halin gaba (I_F) na 20mA. A ƙarƙashin bugun jini na 100mA, ƙarfin hasken rana zai iya kaiwa 80 mW/sr.
• Tsayin Zango Mafi Girma (λ_p): 850 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsayin zango inda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani ya kasance mafi girma. Wannan tsayin zango ba a iya ganinsa ga idon ɗan adam amma ana iya gano shi da inganci ta na'urorin silicon.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ): 45 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna kewayon tsayin zango da LED ke fitarwa, wanda aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM).
• Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (V_F): 1.45V (na yau da kullun) a I_F=20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.65V. A I_F=100mA (bugun jini), na yau da kullun V_Fya tashi zuwa 1.80V tare da matsakaicin 2.40V.
• Juyawar Halin Yanzu (I_R): Matsakaicin 10 μA a V_R=5V, yana nuna ƙarancin ɓarkewar wutar lantarki a yanayin kashewa.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): digiri 30 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken rana ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa a tsakiya (0°). Kusurwar 30° tana ba da katako mai daidaitaccen mai da hankali.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

An rarraba ƙarfin hasken rana na LEDs zuwa kwandon ko matsayi daban-daban don tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. Ana yin binning a ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na I_F= 20mA. Ana ayyana kwandon da ke akwai ta lambar harafi (M, N, P, Q, R) tare da madaidaicin ƙimar ƙarfin hasken rana mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangaren da ya dace da takamaiman buƙatun hankali ko kewayo. Misali, zaɓin kwandon 'P' yana ba da garantin mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin hasken rana na 15.0 mW/sr da matsakaicin 24.0 mW/sr. Takardar bayanin ba ta nuna rarrabuwar kawuna daban don tsayin zango (Hue) ko wutar lantarki ta gaba (REF) don wannan takamaiman lambar ɓangaren ba, amma ƙayyadaddun alamar yana nuna cewa ana bin waɗannan sigogi yayin samarwa.

4. Bita na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Lanƙwasan aiki na yau da kullun suna ba da haske na gani game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙira da sarrafa zafi.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa rage ƙimar yana nuna yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda da shi yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C. Don tabbatar da cewa zafin haɗin gwiwar ya kasance cikin iyakokin aminci kuma don kiyaye dogaron dogon lokaci, dole ne a rage halin yanzu na aiki a cikin wurare masu zafi. Dole ne masu ƙira su duba wannan lanƙwasa lokacin aiki da LED a cikin akwatuna ko a manyan yanayin yanayi.

4.2 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin rarraba bakan yana jera ƙarfin hasken rana dangane da tsayin zango. Yana tabbatar da gani da tsayin zango mafi girma a 850nm da kusan 45nm faɗin bakan. Lanƙwasa yana da halayen kayan semiconductor na GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide). Ƙunƙun kololuwar da aka ƙayyade yana tabbatar da ƙaramin haɗuwa da haske mai gani da mafi kyawun haɗuwa tare da na'urorin gano silicon, waɗanda ke da mafi girman hankali a kusa da 800-900nm.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Rana vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin halin tuƙi da fitarwa na gani. Ƙarfin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da halin yanzu a ƙananan matakan kuma yana ƙoƙarin zama mafi layi a manyan halayen yanzu, a ƙarshe yana cika yayin da ingancin ciki ya faɗi saboda tasirin dumama. Lanƙwasa don yanayin bugun jini (100mA) yana nuna fitarwa mai girma sosai fiye da yanayin DC, yana nuna fa'idar aikin bugun jini don cimma kololuwar ƙarfi ba tare da lalacewar zafi ba.

4.4 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Rana vs. Matsawar Kusurwa

Wannan makircin polar yana nuna tsarin fitarwa na sararin samaniya na LED. Yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske ke raguwa yayin da kusurwar kallo ta tashi daga tsakiyar axis (0°). Tsarin yana da kusan Lambertian don wannan nau'in fakiti, tare da ƙarfi a maki rabin kusurwa (kusan ±15°) kasancewar 50% na ƙarfin kan-axis, yana ayyana kusurwar kallo na 30°.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakiti

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen fakiti mai ja radial 5mm (T-1 3/4). Jagororin suna da daidaitaccen tazarar 2.54mm (0.1 inch), wanda ya dace da allunan ƙirar ramuka na yau da kullun da shimfidar PCB. Zanen girma na fakiti yana ba da ma'auni mai mahimmanci ciki har da diamita gabaɗaya, tsayin ruwan tabarau, tsawon jagora, da diamita jagora. An ƙera jikin daga roba mai launin rawaya, wanda ke bayyana ga hasken infrared na 850nm amma yana bayyana launi don taimakawa wajen ganowa da bambancewa daga LEDs masu haske. Ana gano cathode ta wurin wuri mai lebur a gefen ruwan tabarau da/ko gajeren jagora. Duk girmansu suna da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Yin sarrafa daidai yayin taro yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar injina ko zafi ga LED.

6.1 Samuwar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi shi a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm nesa da gindin kwararan fitila na epoxy. Koyaushe ya kamata a yi samuwar kafin solder, a yanayin zafi, kuma tare da kulawa don guje wa amfani da damuwa kai tsaye ga jikin epoxy, wanda zai iya fashe fakiti ko lalata haɗin waya na ciki. Dole ne ramukan PCB su yi daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar hawa.

6.2 Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LEDs a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, bushewa (≤30°C, ≤70% Danshi Dangane). Rayuwar ajiya da aka ba da shawarar bayan jigilar kaya shine watanni 3. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci (har zuwa shekara guda), ya kamata a adana abubuwan a cikin jakar shinge mai ɗanɗano mai rufewa tare da busasshiyar, zai fi dacewa a cikin yanayin nitrogen, don hana shaɗin danshi da yuwuwar \"popcorning\" yayin solder.

6.3 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙaramin nisa na 3mm tsakanin haɗin gwiwar solder da kwararan fitilar epoxy. Sigogin solder da aka ba da shawarar sune:
Solder na Hannu: Zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe ≤300°C (don ƙarfe mai matsakaicin 30W), lokacin solder ≤3 seconds kowace jagora.
Solder na Wave/Dip: Zafin jiki ≤100°C na ≤60 seconds; zafin wanka na solder ≤260°C na ≤5 seconds.
Jadawalin solder da aka bayar yana ba da shawarar haɓakar zafin jiki cikin sauri, yanki na tudu (jiƙa), ɗan gajeren kololuwa a 260°C, da sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Ya kamata a guji sanyaya cikin sauri ko girgizar zafi. Ba a ba da shawarar sake solder (fiye da zagaye ɗaya na tsoma ko solder na hannu) ba.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, yi amfani da barasa na isopropyl a yanayin zafi ba fiye da minti ɗaya ba. Kada ku yi amfani da tsaftacewar ultrasonic sai dai idan an riga an ƙaddara tasirinsa (iko, mitar, tsawon lokaci) akan samfuran taro, saboda ƙarfin ultrasonic na iya fashe tsarin semiconductor mai laushi na ciki.

5.5 Gudanar da Zafi

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi shine mahimmin la'akari na ƙira. Ƙimar ɓarnar wutar lantarki na 150mW an ƙayyade shi a 25°C. A aikace-aikace na gaske, ainihin wutar lantarki da aka ɓata (V_F* I_F) dole ne a rage ƙimar yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa rage ƙimar. Don ci gaba da aiki a manyan halayen yanzu ko a cikin manyan yanayin yanayi, yi la'akari da amfani da heatsink, ƙara iska, ko aiwatar da tuƙi mai bugun jini don rage matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa da tabbatar da dogaron dogon lokaci.

7. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda

Ana sanya LEDs a cikin jakunkunan anti-static don kare su daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ana sanya waɗannan jakunkuna a cikin akwatunan ciki, sannan a cika su cikin manyan akwatunan waje don jigilar kaya. Yawan fakiti na yau da kullun shine 200-500 guda kowace jakar, tare da jakuna 5 kowace akwatin ciki, da akwatunan ciki 10 kowace babban akwatin waje. Alamar da ke kan jakar ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don gano asali da ganewa, ciki har da Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (P/N), Yawan Fakiti (QTY), da Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT). Sauran lambobi na iya nuna Matsayin Tsayin Zango (HUE), Matsayin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (REF), Lambar Lot, da Lambar Kwanan Wata.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da La'akarin Ƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Na'urorin Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared: Ana amfani da shi azaman mai watsawa a cikin TV, sauti, da na'urorin sarrafa nesa na akwatin saiti.
• Gano Kusanci da Abu: Haɗe tare da phototransistor don gano kasancewar, rashi, ko matsayin wani abu.
• Maɓallan Hasken Gani: Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin gano ramuka (misali, gano takarda a cikin firinta) ko na'urorin gani masu nunawa.
• Tsarin Tsaro: Don hasken hangen nesa na dare a cikin kyamarorin CCTV ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na katakon gano kutsawa na infrared.
• Kayan Aikin Masana'antu: Don gani mara lamba a aikace-aikacen ƙidaya, daidaitawa, da gano matakin.

8.2 La'akarin Ƙira

• Ƙuntatawa Halin Yanzu: Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai ci gaba don iyakance halin yanzu na gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so, wanda aka ƙidaya bisa ga wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki ta gaba na LED.
• Aikin Bugun Jini: Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kololuwar ƙarfi mai girma (kamar gani mai nisa), yi amfani da tuƙi mai bugun jini tare da cikakken aiki da ya dace don kasancewa cikin ƙimar halin yanzu mafi girma da matsakaicin ƙimar wutar lantarki.
• Ƙirar Gani: Yi la'akari da kusurwar kallo na 30° lokacin ƙira ruwan tabarau, buɗaɗɗen ido, ko hanyoyin gani. Don tsawon kewayon, ana iya amfani da ruwan tabarau na waje don daidaita katako.
• Daidaitawar Na'urar Gano: Tabbatar cewa zaɓaɓɓen na'urar gani (phototransistor, photodiode, ko mai karɓar IC) yana da babban hankali a yankin 850nm.
• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi: A cikin wurare masu ƙarfin hasken yanayi (musamman hasken rana mai ɗauke da IR), yi amfani da siginar IR da aka daidaita (bugun jini) da gano aiki tare a cikin mai karɓa don bambanta siginar daga hayaniyar bango.

9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambance na Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LEDs masu haske, wannan IR LED an inganta shi don fitarwa a cikin bakan infrared tare da kayan (GaAlAs) wanda ke ba da inganci mai girma a 850nm. Babban bambance-bambancensa a cikin nau'in IR LED shine haɗuwa da ƙarfin hasken rana mai girma (15 mW/sr na yau da kullun) da ƙarancin wutar lantarki ta gaba (1.45V na yau da kullun), wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi. Kusurwar kallo na 30° tana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin tattarawar katako da yankin ɗaukar hoto. Bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga samfuran da aka yi niyya don kasuwannin duniya, yana kawar da damuwar bin ka'idojin kayan.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V?
A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa halin yanzu. Misali, tare da wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V da manufar halin yanzu na 20mA, da kuma ɗauka na yau da kullun V_Fna 1.45V, ƙimar resistor zata kasance R = (5V - 1.45V) / 0.02A = 177.5Ω. Dangane da resistor na yau da kullun 180Ω zai dace.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙimar ƙarfin hasken rana na DC da na bugun jini?
A: Ƙimar DC (15 mW/sr a 20mA) don ci gaba da aiki inda tasirin zafi ke iyakance fitarwa. Ƙimar bugun jini (80 mW/sr a 100mA) ana iya samun ta saboda ɗan gajeren bugun jini baya ƙyale haɗin gwiwar ya yi zafi sosai, yana ba da damar halin yanzu na nan take mafi girma don haka fitarwa mafi girma.

Q: Ta yaya zan gano cathode?
A: A cikin daidaitaccen fakiti na 5mm, ana nuna cathode ta hanyar fasalulluka biyu: 1) Wani gefe mai lebur a kan gefen ruwan tabarau na roba. 2) Jagoran cathode yawanci gajere ne fiye da jagoran anode. Koyaushe tabbatar da polarity kafin solder.

Q: Shin wannan LED yana da hankali ga ESD?
A> Kamar duk na'urorin semiconductor, ana iya lalata shi ta hanyar fitar da wutar lantarki. Ana ba da shi a cikin fakiti mai hana tashin hankali kuma ya kamata a sarrafa shi tare da matakan kariya na ESD da suka dace yayin taro.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Shari'a: Ƙirar Na'urar Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun shine na'urar gano katako mai karyewa. Ana sanya LED IR HIR333/H0 a gefe ɗaya na hanya, kuma ana sanya phototransistor kai tsaye a gaba. Lokacin da wani abu ya wuce tsakanin su, yana katse katakon infrared, yana haifar da canjin fitarwa na phototransistor. Don wannan ƙira:
1. Tuƙi LED tare da ci gaba da halin yanzu na 20mA ta amfani da sauƙaƙan maɓallin transistor ko filin GPIO na microcontroller (tare da resistor na jerin).
2. Don ingantaccen kariya daga hayaniya da kewayon, buga LED a mitar (misali, 38kHz) kuma yi amfani da ƙirar phototransistor tare da tace 38kHz da aka gina a ciki.
3. Daidaita LED da na'urar gano a hankali, la'akari da mazugi na fitarwa na 30°. Don tazarar da ya dade, yi la'akari da ƙara bututu ko ruwan tabarau mai daidaitawa a gaban LED don kunkuntar katako.
4. Sanya na'urar gano nesa da hasken rana kai tsaye ko wasu tushen hasken infrared mai ƙarfi don hana faɗuwar ƙarya.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Diode Mai Fitowa da Hasken Infrared (IR LED) diode ne na haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta gaba, electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su a kan haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. HIR333/H0 yana amfani da Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs), wanda ke da bandgap daidai da photons a cikin bakan infrared na kusa, musamman kusan 850 nanometers. Fakitin roba mai launin rawaya an ƙara shi don zama bayyane ga wannan tsayin zango yayin da yake toshe haske mai gani, kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau na farko don siffata katako mai fitarwa.

13. Trends da Ci gaban Fasaha

Trend a fasahar LED infrared yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitarwa haske kowace wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki) da mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki. Wannan yana ba da damar ko dai tushe masu haske ko ƙira mafi inganci. Haka nan akwai ci gaba a cikin bambancin tsayin zango mafi girma; yayin da 850nm da 940nm suka zama na kowa, ana inganta wasu tsayin zango don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar gano iskar gas ko binciken likita. Fakiti yana haɓaka don tallafawa fasahar hawa-surface (SMD) don taron kai tsaye, kodayake fakiti masu ramuka kamar 5mm sun kasance sananne don ƙira, gyara, da wasu aikace-aikacen dogaro mai girma. Haɗin kai wani trend ne, tare da IR LEDs ana haɗa su tare da direbobi, masu daidaitawa, har ma da na'urorin gano zuwa ƙirar guda ɗaya don sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.