5mm Infrared LED IR323 Datasheet - 5.0mm Package - 940nm Wavelength - 1.5V Forward Voltage - 150mW Power Dissipation - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken ƙayyadaddun fasaha don babban ƙarfin haske mai haskakawa na infrared (LED) na 5mm. Na'urar tana kunshe cikin fakitin filastik mai shuɗi kuma an ƙera ta don fitar da haske a madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 940 nanometers (nm), wanda ya sanya ta cikin kusancin bakan infrared. An zaɓi wannan tsayin raƙuman ruwa da dabara don mafi kyawun aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen ganowa da sarrafa nesa, saboda ya dace daidai da hankalin bakan na na'urori masu karɓar haske na silicon, photodiodes, da na'urori masu karɓar infrared. Manyan manufofin ƙira na wannan ɓangaren sune babban aminci, babban fitar da haske, da aiki mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace da nau'ikan tsarin lantarki na tushen infrared.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

LED yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ayyukanta da sauƙin haɗawa:

• Babban Ƙarfin Haske: Yana ba da ƙarfin haske na yau da kullun na 6.4 mW/sr a daidaitaccen yanayin tuƙi na 20mA, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa sigina.
• Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Gaba: Yana da ƙarfin gaba na yau da kullun (Vf) na 1.2V a 20mA, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya.
• Kunshin Daidaitacce: Yana amfani da na'urar radial leaded na 5mm na gama-gari tare da tazarar jagora na 2.54mm (0.1 inch), wanda ya dace da tsarin PCB na yau da kullun da allunan burodi.
• Daidaiton Muhalli: The product is manufactured to be Pb-Free, compliant with the EU RoHS and REACH regulations, and meets halogen-free standards (Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, Br+Cl<1500ppm).
• Defined Viewing Angle: Offers a typical half-intensity viewing angle (2θ1/2) of 30 degrees, providing a focused beam suitable for directed applications.

2. Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

This section provides a detailed, objective interpretation of the device's electrical, optical, and thermal limits and characteristics.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation under or at these limits is not guaranteed.

• Continuous Forward Current (I_F): 100 mA. The maximum DC current that can be passed through the LED indefinitely at 25°C ambient temperature.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP): 1.0 A. This high pulse current is permissible only under strict conditions: pulse width ≤ 100μs and duty cycle ≤ 1%. This is useful for brief, high-intensity signaling.
• Reverse Voltage (V_R): 5 V. The maximum voltage that can be applied in the reverse-biased direction. Exceeding this can cause junction breakdown.
• Power Dissipation (P_d): 150 mW at or below 25°C free air temperature. This is the maximum power the package can dissipate as heat. The rating derates with increasing ambient temperature.
• Temperature Ranges: Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C; Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zazzabin Solder (T_sol): 260°C matsakaicin tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba, wanda ke ayyana taga tsari don igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters, measured at Ta=25°C, define the typical performance of the device under normal operating conditions.

• Radiant Intensity (I_e): The primary measure of optical output. Minimum 4.0 mW/sr, Typical 6.4 mW/sr at I_F=20mA. At the maximum continuous current of 100mA, the typical intensity rises to 30 mW/sr.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): 940 nm (typical). This is the wavelength at which the emitted optical power is at its maximum.
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): 45 nm (typical). This defines the range of wavelengths emitted, typically measured at half the peak power (Full Width at Half Maximum - FWHM).
• Forward Voltage (V_F): 1.2V (typical), 1.5V (maximum) at 20mA. Increases to 1.4V (typical), 1.8V (maximum) at 100mA due to the diode's series resistance.
• Reverse Current (I_R): Maximum 10 μA when a reverse bias of 5V is applied.
• View Angle (2θ_1/2): 30 degrees (typical). The angular spread between the points where the radiant intensity is half of the value at 0 degrees (on-axis).

3. Binning System Explanation

The devices are sorted (binned) based on their measured radiant intensity at the standard test condition of I_F = 20mA. This allows designers to select parts with guaranteed minimum and maximum output levels for consistent system performance.

Misal, wani sashi da aka yiwa alama da Bin "L" an tabbatar da yana da ƙarfin haske tsakanin 5.6 zuwa 8.9 mW/sr. Manyan haruffan bin (misali, P) sun dace da manyan na'urorin fitarwa. Takardar bayanan ba ta nuna binning don wasu sigogi kamar ƙarfin gaba ko kololuwar tsayin raƙuman ruwa don wannan takamaiman samfur ba, yana nuna tsauraran sarrafa masana'antu akan waɗannan halaye.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Lanƙwasan halaye da aka bayar suna ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. A 25°C, ana ba da izinin cikakken 100mA. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu don hana wuce iyakar 150mW na ɓarnawar wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙira tsarin da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

4.2 Radiant Intensity vs. Forward Current

Wannan zane yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin tuƙi (I_F) da fitowar haske (I_e). Ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙarfin lantarki a ƙananan matakai kuma yana karkata zuwa madaidaiciyar haɓaka a manyan ƙarfin lantarki, ko da yake a ƙarshe zai cika. Lankwasa ya tabbatar da ƙimar da aka bayyana a cikin tebur (misali, ~6.4 mW/sr a 20mA, ~30 mW/sr a 100mA).

4.3 Spectral Distribution

Zanen bakan yana nuna alaƙar ƙarfin haske dangi da tsawon zango. Yana tabbatar da gani ga tsayin zango mafi girma (λ_p) na 940nm da faɗin bakan (Δλ) na kusan 45nm a wuraren FWHM. Lankwasa yana da siffa na tsarin kayan semiconductor na GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide).

4.4 Relative Radiant Intensity vs. Angular Displacement

Wannan zanen iyakacin duniya yana kwatanta tsarin radiyo na LED. Yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske ke raguwa yayin da kusurwa daga tsakiyar axis (0°) ke ƙaruwa. Kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa 50% na ƙimarsa a kan axis shine ma'anar rabin kusurwar kallo, wanda aka nuna a nan kusan digiri 30, wanda ke haifar da wani ɗan mai da hankali na haske.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin radial mai jagora na 5mm. Zanen girma yana ƙayyade ma'auni masu mahimmanci: jimlar diamita (5.0mm na yau da kullun), diamita na wayar jagora, nisa daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa lanƙwasa a cikin jagororin, da tazarar jagora (2.54mm). Zanen ya haɗa da bayanin cewa ƙimar ƙima shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi daban. Mafi tsayin jagora yawanci yana nuna haɗin anode (tabbatacce).

6. Jagorar Solder da Taro

Gudanar da daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin na'urar da aikin ta.

6.1 Tsarin Jagora

• Bending must occur at a point at least 3mm from the base of the epoxy lens to avoid stress on the seal.
• Forming should be completed before any soldering operation.
• Cutting leads should be done at room temperature to prevent thermal shock.
• PCB holes must align precisely with LED leads to avoid mounting stress.

6.2 Ajiya

• Recommended storage conditions are ≤30°C and ≤70% Relative Humidity (RH) for up to 3 months from shipment.
• Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da yanayin nitrogen da desiccant.
• Guji saurin canjin zafin jiki a cikin yanayi mai danshi don hana hazo.

6.3 Tsarin Solder

Dokar Muhimmanci: Kiyaye mafi ƙaramin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa kwararan fitila na epoxy.

• Solder da Hannu: Zazzau ƙarfe bai wuce 300°C ba (don mafi girman wutar lantarki na 30W), lokacin siyarwa bai wuce dakika 3 ba a kowace jagora.
• Gudun Ruwa / Tsoma Siyarwa: Dumama kafin bai wuce 100°C ba na ƙasa da dakika 60. Zazzau bahon siyarwa bai wuce 260°C ba na ƙasa da dakika 5 lokacin tsoma.
• Guji matsin lamba akan jagororin yayin matakan zafi mai girma.
• Kada a yi tsoma ko siyar da hannu fiye da sau ɗaya.
• Bari LED ya huce zuwa zafin daki a hankali bayan siyarwa; guji sanyaya cikin gaggawa.

6.4 Pembersihan

• Idan ba a bukata ba, tsaftace kawai da isopropyl alcohol a cikin zafin daki na tsawon minti daya kawai.
• Kada a yi amfani da tsaftacewar ultrasonic sai dai idan ya zama dole kuma bayan cikakken gwajin kafin cancanta, domin yana iya haifar da lalacewar inji.

7. Informasi Pengemasan dan Pemesanan

7.1 Spesifikasi Label

Alamar da ke kan marufin ta ƙunshi lambobi da yawa: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (P/N), Adadin Tattarawa (QTY), da matakan aiki don Ƙarfin Haskakawa (CAT), Tsayin Tsayin Tsayi (HUE), da Ƙarfin Gaba (REF). Haka kuma ya haɗa da Lambar Lot da lambar kwanan wata (Wata).

7.2 Spesifikasi Pengemasan

• LEDs an yi ajiya a cikin jakunkuna masu hana tashin wutar lantarki.
• Ajiya ta yau da kullun: guda 200-500 a kowace jaka, jakuna 5 a cikin akwati na ciki, akwatunan ciki 10 a cikin babban (waje) akwati.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka na Ƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Infrared Remote Controls: Don TV, tsarin sauti, da sauran kayan lantarki na mabukaci. Tsawon zango na 940nm ya dace sosai saboda ba a iya ganinsa da idon ɗan adam amma silicon receivers suna gano shi yadda ya kamata.
• Proximity and Object Detection Sensors: Ana amfani da su a cikin famfo na atomatik, busassun hannu, tsarin tsaro, da kayan ƙidaya na masana'antu. IR LED da aka haɗa tare da na'urar gano hoto na iya gane katsewa ko tunani na hasken sa.
• Masu Sauya da Maɓallan Gani: Don gano motsi ko matsayi a cikin firinta, sarrafa mota, da na'urori masu juyawa.
• Hasken Gani na Dare: Samar da haske na ɓoye don kyamarori na tsaro waɗanda ke da na'urori masu hankali na IR.
• Watsa Bayanai: A cikin hanyoyin haɗin gani na gani na gajeren zango, layin gani (misali, tsoffin tsarin IrDA).

8.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka na Ƙira

• Current Limiting: Always use a series current-limiting resistor when driving the LED from a voltage source. Calculate the resistor value using R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F. Do not connect directly to a voltage source.
• Heat Management: When operating near maximum current or in high ambient temperatures, consider the derating curve. Ensure adequate ventilation or heatsinking if necessary, especially for densely packed arrays.
• Optical Design: The 30-degree viewing angle provides a focused beam. For wider coverage, use multiple LEDs or secondary optics like diffusers. For longer range, lenses can be used to collimate the beam further.
• Electrical Noise Immunity: In sensing applications, modulate the IR signal (e.g., with a 38kHz carrier) to distinguish it from ambient infrared light (sunlight, incandescent bulbs). This greatly improves signal-to-noise ratio.
• Receiver Matching: Ensure the selected photodetector or receiver module (e.g., a 38kHz integrated receiver) is spectrally sensitive around 940nm for optimal performance.

9. Kwatancin Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

While many 5mm IR LEDs exist, this device's combination of parameters offers specific advantages:

• vs. Mafi girman Tsawon IR LEDs (misali, 850nm): Fitowar 940nm ba ta da kama a matsayin haske ja mai laushi, wanda ya sa ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen ɓoye. Duk da haka, masu gano hoton silicon ba su da ɗan ƙaramin hankali a 940nm fiye da 850nm, wanda aka rama ta hanyar babban ƙarfin haske na wannan LED.
• vs. IR LEDs na Haske na Al'ada: Samuwar mafi girman kwandon fitarwa (misali, Bin N, P) yana ba da damar ƙira masu buƙatar tazara mai tsawo ko ƙananan igiyoyin tuƙi don ƙarfin siginar ɗaya, yana inganta ingantaccen wutar lantarki.
• vs. IR LEDs na Surface-Mount: Kunshin ta hanyar rami yana da sauƙi don ƙirar samfuri, amfani masu sha'awa, da aikace-aikacen da ƙarfin injiniyoyin haɗin ke da fifiko akan sararin allo.
• Masu Banbance-Banbance Mafi Muhimmanci: The clearly defined and relatively tight binning structure for intensity, combined with comprehensive environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free), makes this part suitable for modern, regulated electronic products.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin "radiant intensity" da "luminous intensity"?

Radiant intensity (measured in mW/sr) is the optical power emitted per solid angle, relevant for all wavelengths. Luminous intensity (measured in candela, mcd) weights the optical power by the sensitivity of the human eye (photopic curve). Since the human eye is nearly insensitive to 940nm infrared light, luminous intensity is essentially zero for this LED. Radiant intensity is the correct metric for IR components used with electronic sensors.

10.2 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED a 100mA akai-akai?

Yes, but only if the ambient temperature (Ta) is at or below 25°C, as per the Absolute Maximum Ratings. If the ambient temperature is higher, you must refer to the "Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature" derating curve to find the new maximum allowable continuous current. For example, at 85°C, the maximum continuous current will be significantly lower than 100mA.

10.3 Me ya sa kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba (1A) ta fi na ci gaba (100mA) da yawa?

Ƙimar 1A tana don ɗan gajeren bugun jini (≤100μs) tare da ƙaramin aikin hidima (≤1%). A yayin irin wannan ɗan gajeren bugun jini, haɗin semiconductor ba shi da lokacin dumama sosai. Ƙimar ci gaba na 100mA yana iyakance ta hanyar ikon watsar da zafi na kwanciyar hankali na fakitin. Babban bugun jini yana ba da damar aikace-aikace kamar sigina mai nisa, ɗan gajeren fashewa.

10.4 Ta yaya zan gano anode da cathode?

A cikin daidaitaccen fakitin LED na radial, mafi tsayin jagora yawanci shine anode (tabbatacce). Bugu da ƙari, kallon LED daga ƙasa, jagorar da ke gefen da ke da wuri mai laushi a bakin ruwan tabarau na filastik yawanci cathode ne (maras kyau). Koyaushe tabbatar da multimeter a yanayin gwajin diode idan ba a sani ba.

11. Ayyukan Zane da Misalan Amfani

11.1 Sauraran Sauraro Mai Sauƙi

Ana iya gina na'urar firikwensin haske mai haske ta hanyar sanya wannan IR LED da phototransistor a gefe guda, suna nuni zuwa hanya ɗaya. Ana sarrafa LED ta hanyar fil ɗin microcontroller ta hanyar resistor 20-30Ω (don ~50mA daga wadata 3.3V: R = (3.3V - 1.2V)/0.05A ≈ 42Ω). Mai tara phototransistor yana haɗuwa da wadata ta hanyar resistor ja sama (misali, 10kΩ), kuma emitter yana ƙasa. Kullin mai tara yana haɗuwa da ADC microcontroller ko shigarwar dijital. Lokacin da wani abu ya zo kusa, yana nuna hasken IR akan phototransistor, yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na mai tara, wanda microcontroller ke gano shi.

11.2 Tuki Module Mai Karɓar IR

Don aikace-aikacen sarrafa nesa, haɗa wannan LED tare da na'urar karɓar IR mai fil uku (misali, an daidaita shi zuwa 38kHz). An haɗa LED a jere tare da resistor mai iyakancewar igiyar lantarki da transistor NPN. Ana sarrafa tushen transistor ta hanyar siginar da aka daidaita daga microcontroller, wanda ke ɓoye umurnin sarrafa nesa ta amfani da ƙa'ida kamar NEC ko RC5. Mitar mai ɗaukar hoto na 38kHz ya faɗo cikin bandwidth na lokacin tashi/faɗuwar LED. Na'urar karɓa tana rage wannan siginar kuma tana fitar da tsaftataccen rafin bayanan dijital zuwa microcontroller.

12. Operating Principle

Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED) diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi wa gaba gaba (ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ga anode dangane da cathode), electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana allurar su a kan mahaɗin. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa a cikin yankin aiki na mahaɗin, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan na'urar ta musamman, kayan semiconductor shine Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs). Bandgap na makamashi na wannan abu yana ƙayyade tsawon zango na photons da aka fitar. Don GaAlAs da aka daidaita don fitarwa a 940nm, makamashin sake haɗawa yayi daidai da photons a cikin kusa-infrared ɓangaren bakan electromagnetic. Fakitin epoxy mai shuɗi mai shuɗi yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffata hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo, kuma yana bayyana ga tsawon zango na infrared.

13. Technology Trends

Duk da yake abubuwan da ke cikin ramuka kamar wannan LED na 5mm suna ci gaba da shahara don ƙirƙira samfuri, ilimi, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, babban yanayin masana'antu yana zuwa ga fakitin na'urar da aka haɗe a saman (SMD) (misali, 0805, 1206, ko fakitin ma'auni na guntu). SMDs suna ba da ƙaramin girma, mafi dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanyawa, kuma sau da yawa ana inganta aikin thermal saboda babban haɗin kafet ɗin thermal zuwa PCB. Musamman ga infrared LEDs, abubuwan da ke faruwa sun haɗa da haɓaka na'urori tare da ingantaccen ingancin toshe-bango (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace wutar lantarki da aka shigar), ƙaƙƙarfan juriyar tsawon raƙuman ruwa don takamaiman aikace-aikacen ji (kamar ji na iskar gas), da haɗawa tare da direbobi ko na'urori masu auna zuwa cikin ƙirar guntu mai yawa. Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da kimiyyar kayan da ke bayan GaAlAs da makamantansu na III-V semiconductor IR emitters suna ci gaba da ingantawa don aiki da farashi.