Takardar Bayani na Fasaha ta HIR323C - LED Infrared 5mm - 1.45V - 850nm - 150mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

HIR323C wata diode ce mai fitar da infrared mai ƙarfi, wadda aka sanya a cikin da'irar T-1 (5mm) na yau da kullun tare da ruwa mai tsabta na filastik. An ƙera wannan na'urar don ba da ingantaccen aiki a cikin tsarin gano infrared da sadarwa. An daidaita fitowar haskenta musamman don dacewa da na'urori masu gani na silicon na yau da kullun, photodiodes, da kuma na'urorin karɓar infrared, don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin aiki. Babban yankin aikace-aikacen wannan sashi yana cikin tsarin da ake amfani da infrared, wanda zai iya haɗawa da na'urorin sarrafa nesa, gano abubuwa, gano kusanci, da kuma maɓallan haske.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED infrared ya samo asali ne daga ƙirarta da zaɓin kayan aiki. Tana amfani da kayan aikin GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide), wanda aka sani da ingantaccen fitar da infrared. Kunshin yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, yana ba da damar watsa sigina mai ƙarfi. Wani muhimmin siffa shi ne ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage amfani da wutar lantarki a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. An ƙera samfurin don bin ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na zamani, kasancewar ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, ya bi ka'idojin EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen. Wannan ya sa ya dace da kasuwar duniya, musamman a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, da tsarin tsaro inda ake buƙatar ingantattun tushen infrared masu dogon rayuwa.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar ma'ana na mahimman sigogi da aka jera a cikin takardar bayani, yana bayyana mahimmancinsu ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

2.1 Matsakaicin Iyaka na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ci gaba da Halin Lantarki (IF):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin lantarki na DC wanda za'a iya wucewa ta hanyar LED har abada a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗa.
• Matsakaicin Halin Lantarki (IFP):1.0 A. Wannan babban halin lantarki yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (faɗin bugun jini ≤ 100μs, cikakken aiki ≤ 1%). Yana da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwaran bugun jini, mai ƙarfi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin hanyar baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:Ya bambanta daga -40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki) da -40°C zuwa +100°C (ajiye). Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aminci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):150 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin yanayi. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi. Ainihin halin lantarki da aka yarda zai ragu a yanayin yanayi mafi girma.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C) kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Ie):Wannan shine ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowace raka'a mai ƙarfi, ana auna shi a cikin mW/sr. Ƙimar al'ada ita ce 30 mW/sr a IF=20mA. A ƙarƙashin aikin bugun jini a 100mA, zai iya kaiwa 130 mW/sr. Mafi girman ƙarfin haske yana fassara zuwa tsayin aiki mai tsayi ko mafi kyawun rabo na sigina zuwa amo.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λp):850 nm (al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin tsawon lokacin da ƙarfin fitar da haske ya fi girma. 850nm yana cikin kewayon hasken infrared na kusa, wanda ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam amma ana iya gano shi da inganci ta hanyar na'urori masu auna silicon.
• Faɗin Tsawon Tsawon (Δλ):45 nm (al'ada). Wannan yana ayyana kewayon tsayin tsawon da aka fitar, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da matsakaicin tsayin tsawon. Ƙunƙuntaccen faɗin zai iya zama da amfani don tace amo na hasken muhalli.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):1.45V (al'ada) a 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.65V. A 100mA (bugun jini), matsakaicin shine 2.40V. Ƙarancin VF shine mahimmin sigar inganci.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 15 (al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa mafi girma (a kan-axis). Ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar dubawa tana haifar da ƙaramin haske mai mai da hankali.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

HIR323C tana amfani da tsarin binning don rarraba na'urori bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen halin gwaji na 20mA. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman ƙayyadaddun buƙatun fitarwa don aikace-aikacensu.

• Bin P:Kewayon Ƙarfin Hasken daga 15.0 mW/sr (ƙarami) zuwa 24.0 mW/sr (matsakaici).
• Bin Q:Kewayon Ƙarfin Hasken daga 21.0 mW/sr (ƙarami) zuwa 34.0 mW/sr (matsakaici).
• Bin R:Kewayon Ƙarfin Hasken daga 30.0 mW/sr (ƙarami) zuwa 48.0 mW/sr (matsakaici).

Zaɓin babban bin (misali, R) yana tabbatar da mafi girman fitarwa mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda zai iya zama mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaitaccen aikin tsarin, musamman akan bambancin zafin jiki da tsawon rayuwar samfur.

4. Bincike akan Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayani ta ƙunshi jadawali da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Fahimtar waɗannan yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira.

4.1 Halin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin halin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ikon kunshin na watsa zafi yana raguwa, don haka dole ne a rage halin lantarki don kasancewa cikin yankin aiki mai aminci (SOA) wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan jadawali don zaɓar masu iyakance halin lantarki ko direbobi masu dacewa don yanayin aikin da ake tsammani.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin tuƙi (IF) da fitarwar haske (Ie). Gabaɗaya ba ta da layi. Fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da halin lantarki amma yana iya cika a cikin halin lantarki mai ƙarfi saboda tasirin zafi da inganci. Lanƙwasa yana taimakawa wajen tantance halin tuƙin da ake buƙata don cimma matakin fitarwa da ake so.

4.3 Rarraba Tsawon Tsawon

Wannan makircin yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aiki na tsawon tsawon. Yana tabbatar da matsakaicin tsayin tsawon (λp ~850nm) da faɗin tsawon tsawon (Δλ). Siffar wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dacewa tare da lanƙwasa na hankali na tsawon tsawon na na'urar karɓa (phototransistor/photodiode).

4.4 Ƙarfin Hasken na Dangi vs. Matsakaicin Kusurwa

Wannan makircin polar yana kwatanta tsarin fitarwa na LED. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma tare da axis na tsakiya (0°) kuma yana raguwa yayin da kusurwa ke ƙaruwa. An ayyana kusurwar dubawa na digiri 15 inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa 50% na kololuwar sa. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar haske, ƙayyade faɗin haske da ƙayyadaddun daidaitawa a cikin tsarin.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Zanen Girman Kunshin

Na'urar ta yi daidai da da'irar LED mai zagaye na T-1 (5mm) na yau da kullun. Muhimman girmansu sun haɗa da diamita gabaɗaya (5.0mm al'ada), tsayin ruwan tabarau, da tazarar jagora (2.54mm ko inci 0.1, wanda shine daidaitaccen ramin PCB). Zanen ya ƙayyade jagororin anode da cathode, tare da mafi tsayin jagora yawanci shine anode. Duk ƙayyadaddun da ba a bayyana ba suna ±0.25mm. Dole ne injiniyoyi su koma wannan zanen don ƙirar sawun PCB da binciken sharewar injiniya.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Bangaren yana amfani da daidaitaccen al'adar polarity na LED: mafi tsayin jagora shine Anode (+), kuma mafi guntun jagora shine Cathode (-). Kunshin na iya samun gefe mai lebur a gefen gefen kusa da jagoran cathode. Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci don aiki; baya biasing fiye da 5V na iya lalata na'urar.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Daidaitaccen kulawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye amincin na'urar da aiki.

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

• Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwalliyar epoxy don guje wa damuwa akan mutuwar ciki da haɗin waya.
• Dole ne a koyaushe a yi siffanta kafin aikin solder.
• Dole ne a rage damuwar injiniya akan kunshin yayin siffanta don hana tsagewa ko lalacewar ciki.
• Daidaitawar ramin PCB dole ne ya zama daidai don guje wa damuwar hawa.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Shawararrin yanayin ajiya shine a ko ƙasa da 30°C da 70% Yanayin Yanayi (RH). Rayuwar shiryayye a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan shine watanni 3 daga jigilar kaya. Don ajiya mai tsayi (har zuwa shekara guda), ya kamata a ajiye na'urori a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar iska tare da yanayin nitrogen da desiccant don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya shafar solderability da aminci.

6.3 Sigogi na Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙaramin nisa na 3mm tsakanin haɗin gwiwar solder da kwalliyar epoxy don hana lalacewar zafi.

• Solder na Hannu:Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe 300°C (don ƙarfe 30W), matsakaicin lokacin solder dakika 3 a kowace jagora.
• Solder Wave/Dip:Matsakaicin zafin jiki na farko 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin wanka na solder 260°C, tare da lokacin nutsewa bai wuce dakika 5 ba.

Takardar bayani tana ba da shawarar yanayin zafin jiki na solder, yana mai da hankali kan mahimmancin sarrafa haɓaka, matsakaicin zafin jiki, da ƙimar sanyaya don hana girgiza zafi. Kada a yi solder (nutsewa ko hannu) fiye da sau ɗaya. Bayan solder, ya kamata a kare na'urar daga girgiza har sai ta yi sanyi zuwa zafin jiki na daki.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai barasa na isopropyl a zafin jiki na daki ya kamata a yi amfani da shi, na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce minti ɗaya ba. Ana ƙin tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonic sosai saboda girgizar mitar mai girma na iya lalata tsarin ciki na LED. Idan da gaske ake buƙata, dole ne a yi hankali a gabatar da tsarin.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana tattara na'urori a cikin jakunkunan anti-static don hana lalacewa daga fitarwa na electrostatic (ESD). Tsarin tattarawa na gama gari shine: 200-500 guda a kowace jakar, an sanya jakunkuna 5 a cikin akwati na ciki, kuma an sanya akwatuna na ciki 10 a cikin babban akwati (waje).

7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Form na Label

Lambar da ke kan kunshin ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don gano asali da daidaitaccen aikace-aikace:

• P/N:Lambar Samfur (HIR323C).
• CAT:Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken (wato, lambar bin: P, Q, ko R).
• LOT No:Lambar Lot don gano asalin ƙira.
• Sauran lambobi na iya haɗawa da lambar ɓangaren abokin ciniki (CPN), adadi (QTY), da lambobin kwanan wata.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Na'urorin Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared:Don TV, tsarin sauti, da sauran na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani.
• Gano Abu/Kusanci:A cikin kayan aiki, injinan sayar da kaya, da kayan aikin masana'antu don gano kasancewar ko rashin wani abu.
• Maɓallan Hasken da Masu Ƙididdigewa:Inda karya ko nuna hasken infrared ke nuna matsayi ko motsi.
• Tsarin Tsaro:A matsayin wani ɓangare na hasken gano kutsawa na infrared.
• Watsa Bayanai:Don gajeriyar hanyar haɗin kai, bayanai na serial (tsarin da suka dace da IrDA na iya buƙatar takamaiman na'urori).

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Lantarki:LED na'ura ce mai tuƙi. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin gwano ko direban halin lantarki na yau da kullun don saita halin lantarki na gaba (IF) zuwa ƙimar da ake so, wanda aka lissafta daga ƙarfin lantarki (Vcc), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (VF), da halin lantarki da ake so: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Don ci gaba da aiki a cikin halin lantarki mafi girma ko a cikin yanayin yanayi mai girma, yi la'akari da lanƙwasa raguwa. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko wasu hanyoyin don fitar da zafi daga jagororin LED.
• Daidaitawar Hasken:Ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 15 tana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tsakanin mai fitarwa da na'urar gano don mafi kyawun ƙarfin sigina.
• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi:Don tsarin da ke aiki a cikin yanayi tare da canjin hasken yanayi (misali, hasken rana), yi la'akari da daidaita siginar infrared a wani takamaiman mitar da kuma amfani da mai karɓa wanda aka daidaita zuwa wannan mitar don ƙin amo na bango.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Duk da yake akwai LED infrared 5mm da yawa, HIR323C ta bambanta kanta ta hanyar haɗa sigogi. Babban ƙarfin haskenta na al'ada (30 mW/sr a 20mA) ya sanya ta cikin babban matakin aiki don girman kunshinta. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na al'ada (1.45V) yana haɓaka ingancin makamashi, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi. Takamaiman daidaitawa da na'urorin gano silicon da kuma bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu tsauri (Ba tare da Halogen ba, REACH) ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa don ƙirar zamani, masu hankali kan muhalli waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen aiki, na dogon lokaci.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙi wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?

A: A'a. Dole ne LED ya iyakance halin lantarki. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar fil ɗin MCU zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin lantarki, yana iya lalata duka LED da fitarwar MCU. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin lantarki ko da'irar direba.

Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin bins P, Q, da R?

A: Suna wakiltar matakan ƙayyadaddun ƙaramin ƙarfin haske daban-daban. Bin R yana da mafi girman fitarwa mafi ƙanƙanta (30 mW/sr), sannan Q (21 mW/sr), sannan kuma P (15 mW/sr). Zaɓi bisa ga ƙarfin sigina da ake buƙata da gefen hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin aikace-aikacenku.

Q3: Takardar bayani tana nuna Matsakaicin Halin Lantarki na Gaba na 1A. Shin zan iya amfani da wannan don aikace-aikacen bugun jini mai ƙarfi?

A: Ee, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan sharuɗɗan da aka lura: faɗin bugun jini dole ne ya zama microsecond 100 ko ƙasa da haka, kuma cikakken aiki dole ne ya zama 1% ko ƙasa da haka (misali, bugun jini ɗaya na 100μs kowane 10ms). Wannan yana ba LED damar ɗaukar babban ƙarfin nan take ba tare da yin zafi ba.

Q4: Me yasa yanayin ajiya da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye suke da mahimmanci?

A: Kayan lantarki masu kunshin filastik na iya shan danshi daga yanayi. A lokacin babban tsarin solder na zafin jiki, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya faɗaɗa da sauri, yana haifar da rabuwar ciki ko "popcorning," wanda ke tsage kunshin kuma ya lalata na'urar. Yin bin jagororin ajiya da gasa abubuwan idan ya cancanta yana da mahimmanci don samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Aiki

Harka: Ƙirar Mai Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi.

Amfani na gama gari shine mai gano karya-hasken. An sanya HIR323C a gefe ɗaya na hanya, kuma an sanya phototransistor (wanda ya dace da 850nm) a gaba daidai. Microcontroller yana tuƙi LED ta hanyar resistor 100Ω daga wadataccen 5V, yana haifar da halin lantarki na gaba kusan (5V - 1.45V)/100Ω = 35.5mA. Ana buga LED a 1kHz tare da cikakken aiki na 50% don adana wutar lantarki da ba da damar ƙin hasken yanayi ta hanyar gano aiki tare a cikin microcontroller. Ana karanta fitarwar phototransistor ta ADC na MCU. Lokacin da wani abu ya karya hasken, karatun ADC ya faɗi, yana haifar da aiki. Ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 15 na HIR323C tana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar yanki na gano da kyau, yana rage ƙwaƙƙwaran abubuwan da ke wucewa kusa amma ba ta cikin hasken ba.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diode mai fitar da hasken Infrared (IR LED) wata diode ce ta haɗin gwiwar semiconductor p-n wacce ke fitar da haske lokacin da aka yi wa biasing gaba. Lokacin da halin lantarki ya kwarara daga anode (kayan aikin p-type) zuwa cathode (kayan aikin n-type), electrons suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka a yankin haɗin gwiwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon tsawon hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan aikin semiconductor. Ga HIR323C, tsarin kayan GaAlAs yana da bandgap daidai da photons a cikin yankin infrared na kusa kusan 850 nanometers. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana bayyana ga wannan tsayin tsawon kuma an siffanta shi don samar da tsarin radiation da ake so (kusurwar dubawa).

13. Trends na Ci gaba

Trend a cikin fasahar mai fitar da infrared yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin ƙarfin fitarwa na gani a kowace watt shigar da lantarki), wanda ke ba da damar ko dai tsayin kewayon, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ko duka biyun. Hakanan akwai yunƙuri zuwa ƙananan ƙira, tare da kunshin na'urar hawa saman (SMD) suna zama mafi yawa fiye da nau'ikan ta hanyar rami kamar T-1 don haɗa kai ta atomatik. Haɗin kai wani trend ne, tare da haɗaɗɗun na'urori masu fitarwa-mai gani da na'urori masu hankali tare da sarrafa sigina da aka gina a ciki suna zama gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, bin ka'idojin muhalli da wuce gona da iri (kamar buƙatun Ba tare da Halogen ba) ya kasance babban abin da ake mayar da hankali ga masu kera sassa waɗanda ke hidimar kasuwannin duniya. Duk da yake daidaitaccen 850nm ya kasance sananne saboda kyakkyawan amsawar na'urar gani na silicon da ƙarancin farashi, sauran tsayin tsawon kamar 940nm suna samun ƙarfafawa don aikace-aikacen inda bayyanar da duhun jajayen haske (wanda ke cikin wasu LED 850nm) ba a so.