Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na PD333-3C/H0/L2 - Mai Girman 5mm - Karfin Wutar 32V - Mafi Girman Hankali a 940nm - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD333-3C/H0/L2 babban silicon PIN photodiode ne mai sauri da hankali wanda aka sanya shi a cikin daidaitaccen marufin filastik mai diamita 5mm. An ƙera wannan na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano haske cikin sauri, ta yin amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da lokacin amsa mai sauri. Amfani da epoxy mai tsabta a matsayin kayan ruwan tabarau yana sa ya zama mai hankali ga bakan haske mai faɗi, gami da hasken da ake gani da na infrared, tare da mafi girman hankali musamman a yankin kusa da infrared. Manufofin ƙirarsa na farko sune don samar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin ƙananan hanyoyin gano haske masu tsada.

2. Zurfin Binciken Siffofin Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na mahimman siffofi na lantarki da na gani da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanin.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Cikakke

An ƙididdige na'urar don matsakaicin ƙarfin wuta (VR) na 32V, wanda ke ayyana iyakar ƙarfin wutar da za a iya amfani da shi ba tare da haɗarin lalacewa na dindindin ba. Kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) daga -25°C zuwa +85°C ne, wanda ya dace da yawancin muhallin kasuwanci da masana'antu. Ana iya adanawa a cikin kewayon mafi faɗi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. An ƙayyade zafin solder (Tsol) a 260°C, wanda shine daidaitaccen matsakaicin zafin jiki don hanyoyin sake karkatar da marasa gubar. Ragewar wutar lantarki (Pc) shine 150 mW a ko ƙasa da zafin yanayi na 25°C, wani ma'auni mai mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi a cikin da'irar aikace-aikace.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Amsar bakan haske tana da faɗi, tana rufe bandwidth (λ0.5) daga 400 nm zuwa 1100 nm, tare da matsakaicin tsayin zango na hankali (λP) a 940 nm. Wannan yana sa ya zama mai dacewa don aikace-aikacen gano infrared, kamar waɗanda ke amfani da IR LED na 850nm ko 940nm. Mahimman siffofi na hankali sun haɗa da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar buɗe ido (VOC) na 0.39V da ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta (ISC) na 40 μA, duk an auna su a ƙarƙashin hasken haske (Ee) na 1 mW/cm² a 940nm. A ƙarƙashin ƙarfin wuta na 5V, matsakaicin ƙaramin ƙarfin haske (IL) shine 40 μA a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske iri ɗaya. Ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta (ID), ma'auni mai mahimmanci don aikin haske mara kyau, yawanci shine 5 nA a VR=10V, tare da matsakaicin 30 nA. Jimlar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (Ct) yawanci shine 18 pF a VR=5V da 1 MHz, wanda ke shafar saurin na'urar kai tsaye. Lokacin tashi da faɗuwa (tr/tf) yawanci shine 45 ns kowanne lokacin da aka auna tare da VR=10V da resistor na kaya (RL) na 100Ω, yana tabbatar da ikonsa na sauri. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 80.

3. Nazarin Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Takardar bayanin ta ƙunshi lanƙwan ayyuka da yawa na al'ada waɗanda ke nuna yadda mahimman ma'auni ke bambanta da yanayin aiki. Waɗannan lanƙwan suna da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira don hasashen aikin ainihin duniya.

3.1 Hankalin Bakan Haske

Lanƙwan hankalin bakan haske yana nuna dangi na amsa na photodiode a tsawon zango daga kusan 400 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Lanƙwan ya kai kololuwa a kusa da 940 nm, yana tabbatar da ingantaccensa don hasken kusa da infrared. Hankali yana raguwa sosai a cikin zurfin gani da bayan 1100 nm.

3.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Lanƙwan guda biyu suna nuna tasirin zafi: Ragewar Wutar Lantarki vs. Yanayin Zafi da Ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta vs. Yanayin Zafi. Lanƙwan ragewar wutar lantarki yana nuna yadda matsakaicin wutar lantarki ke raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya karu sama da 25°C. Lanƙwan ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta yana nuna cewa ID yana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da zafin jiki, halayen gama gari na haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a matakan zafi masu girma, saboda ƙarin ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta yana haɓaka ƙarar hayaniya.

3.3 Layi da Amsa Mai Ƙarfi

Lanƙwan Ƙaramin ƙarfin haske vs. Ee yana nuna layin photodiode. A kan ƙayyadadden kewayon hasken haske, ƙarfin haske (IL) yakamata ya ƙaru da layi tare da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Lanƙwan Lokacin Amsa vs. Resistance na Kaya yana nuna yadda lokacin tashi/faɗuwa (tr/tf) ke ƙaruwa tare da mafi girman juriya na kaya (RL). Don aikace-aikacen sauri, ƙaramin resistor na kaya (kamar 100Ω da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙayyadaddun) yana da mahimmanci, ko da yake yana samar da ƙaramin jujjuyawar ƙarfin fitarwa.

3.4 Ƙarfin Ƙarfi vs. Ƙarfin Wuta

Lanƙwan Ƙarfin Ƙarfi na Ƙarshe vs. Ƙarfin Wuta yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (Ct) yana raguwa yayin da ƙarfin wutar juzu'i ya ƙaru. Wannan ya faru ne saboda faɗaɗa yankin raguwa. Yin amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin wutar juzu'i (a cikin iyakoki) na iya inganta sauri ta hanyar rage ƙarfin ƙarfi, a farashin yuwuwar mafi girman ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

4.1 Girman Marufi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen marufi mai diamita 5mm (T-1 3/4) mai radial-leaded. Cikakken zanen girma yana ƙayyade diamita, tazarar jagora, tsawon jagora, da siffar ruwan tabarau. Wani mahimmin bayanin ya ƙayyade cewa ƙimar girma shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An gano anode da cathode, tare da mafi tsayin jagora yawanci shine anode (gefen tabbatacce a yanayin hasken haske).

4.2 Gano Polarity

Ana nuna polarity ta tsawon jagora. Mafi tsayin jagora shine anode (P-gefe), kuma mafi gajeren jagora shine cathode (N-gefe). Lokacin da ake aiki a yanayin photoconductive (juzu'i mai juzu'i), yakamata a haɗa cathode zuwa ƙarfin wutar samar da tabbatacce.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zafin solder shine 260°C. Wannan ya yi daidai da na kowa na sake karkatar da marasa gubar. Yayin solder da hannu, yakamata a yi taka tsantsan don rage lokacin bayyanar da zafi don hana lalacewa ga marufin filastik da ruwan tabarau na epoxy. Yakamata a adana na'urar a cikin yanayi a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya (-40°C zuwa +100°C) kuma a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana ɗaukar danshi, wanda zai iya shafar amincin lokacin sake karkatarwa.

6. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Daidaitaccen hanyar tattarawa shine: 200-500 guda a kowace jaka, jaka 5 a kowace akwati na ciki, da akwatuna na ciki 10 a kowace babban akwati (waje).

6.2 Ƙayyadaddun Alama

Alamar da ke kan marufi ta ƙunshi filaye da yawa: CPN (Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Adadin Tattarawa), LOT No. (Lambar Lot don bin diddigin), da lambobin kwanan wata. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa kaya da bin diddigin.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Takardar bayanin ta lissafa: Gano hoto mai sauri, Tsarin Tsaro, da Kyamarori. Musamman, wannan photodiode ya dace da:

• Masu Karɓar Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared:Haɗe tare da IR LED na 940nm da IC mai rage ƙarfi.
• Masu Ƙirƙira na Gani:Don saurin gani da matsayi a cikin firinta, injuna, ko kayan aikin masana'antu.
• Gano Hasken Yanayi (ALS):Don sarrafa hasken baya na nuni a cikin na'urori, ko da yake hankalinsa na IR na iya buƙatar tacewa don daidaitaccen ma'aunin hasken da ake gani.
• Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi:Tare da tushen hasken IR don gano kusanci ko na'urori masu karya katako.
• Pulse Oximetry (a cikin na'urorin likita, tare da cancantar da ta dace):Gano hasken ja da IR, ko da yake ana buƙatar takaddun likita.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Tsarin Ƙarfin Wuta:Don saurin amsa ko layi, yi amfani da photodiode a yanayin photoconductive (juzu'i mai juzu'i). Ana amfani da da'irar amplifier na transimpedance (TIA) don canza ƙarfin haske zuwa ƙarfin wuta. Dole ne a zaɓi resistor da capacitor na feedback a cikin TIA dangane da bandwidth da ake so da ƙarfin ƙarfin photodiode (18 pF na al'ada).

Rage Hayaniya:Ka sanya jagoran photodiode a takaice kuma ka yi amfani da tsari mai kariya don rage ƙarfin ƙarfi da ɗaukar tsangwama na lantarki. Don aikace-aikacen haske mara kyau, yi la'akari da sanyaya na'urar don rage hayaniyar ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta.

Abubuwan Tunani na Gani:Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana shigar da hasken da ake gani da IR. Idan kawai ana son gano IR, za a iya ƙara tace IR don toshe hasken da ake gani da rage hayaniya daga tushen gani na yanayi. Kusurwar kallo na digiri 80 tana ba da filin kallo mai faɗi; Za a iya amfani da buɗaɗɗen gani ko ruwan tabarau don ƙuntata shi idan an buƙata.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen photodiode na PN, PIN photodiode kamar PD333-3C/H0/L2 yana da yanki na asali (I) tsakanin sassan P da N. Wannan yanki na asali yana haifar da yanki mafi girma na raguwa, wanda ke haifar da fa'idodi guda biyu masu mahimmanci:1) Ƙaramin Ƙarfin Haɗin Gwiwa:Ƙarfin ƙarfin 18 pF yana da ƙasa ga na'urar 5mm, yana ba da damar saurin amsa.2) Ingantaccen Layi:Mafi faɗin yankin raguwa yana ba da damar tattara masu ɗaukar caji cikin inganci a cikin mafi faɗin kewayon ƙarfin wuta da ƙarfin haske. Idan aka kwatanta da phototransistors, photodiodes gabaɗaya suna da sauri kuma suna da fitarwa mafi layi amma suna samar da ƙaramin siginar ƙarfin wuta, suna buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka mai zurfi.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Siffofin Fasaha)

9.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta (ISC) da ƙaramin ƙarfin haske (IL)?

Ana auna ISC tare da sifili bias a kan diode (yanayin hasken haske), yayin da ake auna IL a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden juzu'i (yanayin photoconductive). IL yawanci yana kusa da ISC, amma ba daidai ba. Takardar bayanin tana nuna duka a matsayin 40 μA na al'ada a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya.

9.2 Me yasa ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta yake da muhimmanci?

Ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta shine ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta da ke gudana ko da babu haske. Yana saita ƙarar hayaniya ga na'urar firikwensin. A cikin aikace-aikacen haske mara kyau, ƙaramin ƙarfin wuta (5 nA na al'ada a nan) yana da mahimmanci don cimma kyakkyawan rabo na siginar zuwa hayaniya.

9.3 Ta yaya zan zaɓi resistor na kaya (RL) don aikace-aikacena?

Zaɓin ya ƙunshi ciniki tsakanin sauri da girman fitarwa. Ƙaramin RL (misali, 50Ω) yana ba da amsa mai sauri (duba lanƙwan tr/tf vs. RL) amma ƙaramin ƙarfin fitarwa (Vout = IL * RL). Babban RL yana ba da ƙarfin wuta mafi girma amma amsa mai jinkiri saboda lokacin RC da ƙarfin ƙarfin photodiode da RL suka haifar. Don gano bugun jini na dijital, sau da yawa ana ba da fifikon sauri.

9.4 Zan iya amfani da wannan tare da tushen haske mai gani kamar LED ja?

Ee, lanƙwan amsar bakan haske yana nuna mahimman hankali har zuwa 400 nm. Duk da haka, amsarsa a 650 nm (ja) zai zama ƙasa da a kololuwar 940 nm. Za ku sami ƙaramin sigina idan aka kwatanta da amfani da tushen IR na ƙarfin haske iri ɗaya.

10. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Harka: Ƙirar Mai Karɓar Hanyar Haɗin Bayanai ta Infrared.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar karɓar bayanan da aka daidaita daga IR LED na 940nm a 38 kHz (mitar sarrafa nesa na gama gari). Sun zaɓi PD333-3C/H0/L2 saboda babban hankalinsa a 940nm da saurin amsa (lokacin tashi na 45 ns ya fi isa ga 38 kHz). Photodiode yana da juzu'i mai juzu'i a 5V. An haɗa fitarwa zuwa na'urar karɓar IR na musamman (wanda ya haɗa da TIA, tace bandpass da aka kunna zuwa 38 kHz, da demodulator). Mai ƙira yana sanya photodiode kusa da fil ɗin shigarwar IC, yana amfani da gajerun alamun, kuma yana ƙara ƙaramin capacitor na rabuwa kusa da samar da ƙarfin wuta don rage hayaniya. An sanya taga mai bayyana IR a gaban photodiode don toshe hasken da ake gani da rage tsangwama daga fitilun fluorescent, waɗanda zasu iya flicker a 100/120 Hz.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce da ke canza haske zuwa ƙarfin wuta. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor suka buga na'urar, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa a cikin yanki na asali. A ƙarƙashin tasirin filin lantarki da aka gina (a yanayin hasken haske) ko ƙarfin wutar juzu'i da aka yi amfani da shi (a yanayin photoconductive), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna watse, suna haifar da ƙarfin haske da za a iya aunawa wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Layer "I" (na asali) yana da mahimmanci: an yi masa ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta, yana haifar da yanki mai faɗi na raguwa wanda ke rage ƙarfin ƙarfi don mafi girman sauri kuma yana inganta ingancin ƙididdigewa ta hanyar samar da mafi girma girma don sha photon.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin fasahar photodiode yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, ƙaramin hayaniya, da mafi girman takamaiman aikace-aikace. Wannan ya haɗa da haɓakar photodiodes tare da haɓakawa akan-chip (haɗin photodiode-amplifier), jeri don hoto ko gani mai yawan tashoshi, da na'urori tare da amsa na musamman na bakan haske ko tacewa na gini. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da bincike kan kayan da suka wuce silicon (kamar InGaAs) don faɗaɗa kewayon gano infrared. Don daidaitattun abubuwan kasuwanci kamar PIN photodiode na 5mm, abin da ke ci gaba da mayar da hankali shi ne rage farashi, inganta aminci, da cimma mafi ƙarfi rarraba ma'auni yayin kiyaye mahimman ma'auni na aiki kamar sauri da hankali.