Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTP-1457AKR LED - Tsayin Matrix 1.2-inch (30.42mm) - AlInGaP Super Red - Tsarin Digo 5x7 - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTP-1457AKR wani na'ura ne mai ƙarfi, tsarin nuni na digo mai jirgin guda wanda aka ƙera don samar da haruffa da lambobi da alamomi masu sauƙi. Babban aikinsa shine samar da fitarwa ta gani mai dogaro da karantawa a cikin tsarin lantarki daban-daban. An gina na'urar a kusa da tsarin fitilun LED (Light-Emitting Diodes) 5x7, wanda shine daidaitaccen tsari don samar da haruffa, mai dacewa da lambobin haruffa na yau da kullun kamar USASCII da EBCDIC. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da allunan sarrafa masana'antu, karatun kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urori na siyarwa, da sauran tsarin da ke buƙatar madaidaicin nuni mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Ƙirar sa ta kwance mai yiwuwa ta ba da damar ƙirƙirar nunin haruffa da yawa ta hanyar jera raka'a da yawa a gefe, yana sauƙaƙe nunin kalmomi da lambobi.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na ainihi game da mahimman sigogi na fasaha na na'urar kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayanin.

2.1 Halayen Kayan Gani da Wuta

Nunin yana amfani da guntu na LED na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) Super Red. Wannan kayan semiconductor an san shi da ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen launi a cikin bakan ja-orange. An ƙera guntun a kan wani abu na GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) marar bayyana. Matsakaicin tsayin fitarwa na yau da kullun (λp) shine 639 nm, tare da babban tsayin zango (λd) na 631 nm, yana sanya fitarwarsa a cikin yankin gani na ja. Ramin rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth da ingantaccen fitarwa na launi. Na'urar tana da fuskar launin toka tare da fararen digo, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da karantawa. Ƙarfin haske, ma'auni mai mahimmanci na haske, an rarrabe shi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na kololuwar halin yanzu na 80mA da zagayowar aiki 1/16, matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (Iv) ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 2100 μcd zuwa ƙimar yau da kullun na 3800 μcd. An ƙayyade ma'aunin daidaiton ƙarfin haske tsakanin digo a matsayin 2:1 mafi girma, yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin harafin.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayi don nunin. Babban ƙimar ƙimar da ba za a iya wucewa ba dole ne a kiyaye don tabbatar da dogaron na'urar. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki a kowane digo na LED an iyakance shi zuwa 33 mW. Kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba a kowane digo shine 90 mA, amma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (zagayowar aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun 0.1 ms). Mafi mahimmancin sigogi don ci gaba ko aiki mai yawa shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba a kowane digo, wanda shine 13 mA a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar halin yanzu tana raguwa a layi daya da 0.17 mA/°C yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi ga kowane digo shine 5 V. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) ga kowane digo, lokacin da aka tuka shi da halin yanzu na 20mA, yawanci yana bambanta daga 2.1V zuwa 2.6V. Halin yanzu na baya (Ir) shine matsakaicin 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da 5V a cikin baya.

2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Yanayin Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki na -35°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin ajiya iri ɗaya ne. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Mahimmancin sigogi na haɗawa shine zafin solder: na'urar na iya jure matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, wanda aka auna a wani wuri 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama na fakitin. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ayyana bayanin nunin sake kunnawa yayin haɗa PCB.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe

Takardar bayanin ta bayyana a sarari cewa na'urorin "An Rarrabe don Ƙarfin Hasken." Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarrabe ko rarrabuwa dangane da aunanniyar fitarwa ta haske. Rarrabe aikin da aka saba yi ne a cikin kera LED don rarraba abubuwan da ke da halaye iri ɗaya na aiki. Ga LTP-1457AKR, babban ma'aunin rarrabe shine ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa masu ƙira za su iya zaɓar nunin tare da matakan haske masu daidaito, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga nunin raka'a da yawa inda daidaito ke da mahimmanci. Yayin da takardar bayanin ba ta ba da cikakkun bayanai game da takamaiman lambobin rumbun ko kewayon fiye da ƙimar min/typ ba, masu ƙira yakamata su tuntubi mai kera don samun rumbun da ake da su don biyan takamaiman buƙatun haske na aikace-aikace.

4. Bincike na Lankwalin Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nufin "Lankwalan Halayen Lantarki / Gani na Yau da Kullun" a shafi na ƙarshe. Ko da yake ba a ba da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, lankwalan da aka saba yi don irin waɗannan na'urorin za su haɗa da:

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwalan I-V):Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinsa. Ba shi da layi, tare da ƙarfin lantarki na kunna (kusan 1.8-2.0V don AlInGaP ja) bayan haka halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙananan ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan lankwalan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Wannan makircin yana nuna yadda fitarwa ta haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Gabaɗaya yana da layi a cikin kewayon amma zai cika a cikin halin yanzu masu yawa. Yana taimakawa inganta ciniki tsakanin haske da amfani da wutar lantarki / zafi.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Wannan lankwalan yana nuna raguwar fitarwa ta haske yayin da zafin haɗin LED ya ƙaru. Ingantaccen LED yana raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, don haka sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton haske.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawalin da ke nuna ƙarfin dangi akan tsayin zango, yana nuna kololuwa a ~639nm da siffar bakan fitarwa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

An gabatar da na'urar tare da zanen girmansu (cikakkun bayanai ba a ƙayyade su cikakke a cikin rubutu ba, amma ƙimar ƙima suna ±0.25 mm). Ginin zahirin ya ƙunshi tsarin LED 5x7. Teburin haɗin fil yana da mahimmanci don haɗawa. Nunin yana amfani da tsarin cathode na layi, anode na ginshiƙi wanda aka saba yi a cikin matrices na LED masu yawa. Akwai fil guda 14 gabaɗaya: fil 7 an haɗa su da cathodes na layukan LED (Layi 1-7), kuma fil 5 an haɗa su da anodes na ginshiƙan LED (Ginshiƙi 1-5). An lura da fil biyu a matsayin kwafi (Fil 4 da Fil 11 duka Anode Ginshiƙi 3 ne; Fil 5 da Fil 12 duka Cathode Layi 4 ne), wanda wataƙila don sassauƙan shimfidawa ko haɗin ciki ne. Zanen da'irar ciki zai nuna kowane LED 35 (ginshiƙi 5 x layi 7) tare da haɗa anodinsa zuwa layin ginshiƙi kuma cathode ɗinsa an haɗa shi da layin layi, yana samar da matrix wanda za'a iya magana da shi ta hanyar zaɓin layi ɗaya da ginshiƙi ɗaya a lokaci guda.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Dangane da babban ƙimar ƙimar da ba za a iya wucewa ba, ana iya samun mahimman jagororin haɗawa. Don igiyar ruwa ko sake kunnawa, babban zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce wannan zafin jiki yakamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 3. Ana ba da shawarar bin ka'idojin JEDEC/IPC na yau da kullun don solder abubuwan da aka ɗora a saman. Yakamata a adana na'urar a cikin jakar shinge na danshi ta asali har sai an yi amfani da ita. Bayan buɗewa, idan ba a yi amfani da na'urar nan da nan ba, tana iya buƙatar gasa bisa ga matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) da aka ƙayyade akan alamar jakar (ba a ba da wannan a cikin wannan ɓangaren takardar bayanin ba). Yakamata a yi hannu da kulawa don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan fakitin da gurɓata saman gani.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Lambar sashi ita ce LTP-1457AKR. Prefix "LTP" mai yiwuwa yana nuna dangin samfur (matrix digo na LED), "1457" na iya nufin girman 1.2-inch da tsarin 5x7, kuma "AKR" na iya nuna launi (AlInGaP Super Red) kuma mai yiwuwa takamaiman rumbun ko bita. Takardar bayanin ba ta ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun adadin marufi na yau da kullun (misali, tef da reel, tire) ko haɗa da zanen alama ba. Don samar da girma, dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi mai kera don samun cikakkun bayanai game da zaɓuɓɓukan marufi, ƙayyadaddun reel, da bambance-bambancen lambar sashi don rumbun ƙarfi daban-daban.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan nunin yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sauƙi, mai arha, kuma amintaccen karatun haruffa da lambobi. Misalai sun haɗa da: agogon dijital, na'urori masu kula da zafin jiki, na'urori masu auna jini, nunin ma'aunin lantarki, allunan lokaci/ƙidaya na masana'antu, alamomin yanayi na asali akan injina, da kayan aikin lantarki na ilimi. Dacewarsa da lambobin haruffa na yau da kullun yana sa ya zama sauƙi don haɗawa tare da microcontrollers waɗanda ke da ƙirar haruffa a ciki.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Dole ne a yi matrix ɗin da yawa. Ana buƙatar microcontroller ko takamaiman IC direba don kunna layuka a jere (sinking current) yayin samar da bayanai akan ginshiƙai (sourcing current). Wannan yana rage adadin fil ɗin sarrafawa da ake buƙata daga 35 (ɗaya kowane LED) zuwa 12 (layuka 7 + ginshiƙai 5).
• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Masu juriya na iyakance halin yanzu na waje wajibi ne ga kowane layin ginshiƙi (anode) don saita halin yanzu na gaba don LEDs. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vcc - Vf) / If, inda Vf shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (~2.6V matsakaici), If shine halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (≤13mA matsakaici kowane digo), kuma Vcc shine ƙarfin lantarki.
• Mita Mai Yawa:Dole ne ƙimar sabunta ta yi yawa sosai don guje wa ƙyalli mai gani, yawanci sama da 60 Hz. Tare da layuka 7, ƙimar binciken layi yakamata ya zama >420 Hz (7 * 60).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Tabbatar cewa matsakaicin wutar lantarki a kowane digo (If * Vf) da jimlar wutar lantarki na fakitin ba su wuce ƙima ba, musamman a manyan yanayin yanayi. Dole ne a mutunta lankwalan raguwa don matsakaicin halin yanzu.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Takardar bayanin ta ambaci "faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa," wanda shine na yau da kullun ga matrices na LED marasa ruwan tabarau, marasa ruwan tabarau. Yi la'akari da madaidaicin mazugi na dubawa don aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin nuni, wannan matrix digo na LED yana ba da fa'idodi da ciniki daban-daban. Idan aka kwatanta danunin LED na sassa 7, matrix digo 5x7 na iya nuna cikakkiyar saitin haruffa da lambobi da wasu alamomi, yayin da nunin sassa 7 suna iyakance da farko ga lambobi da ƴan haruffa. Duk da haka, nunin 5x7 yana buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun kayan aikin lantarki na tuƙi. Idan aka kwatanta daLCDs, LEDs suna da fitarwa (suna samar da haskensu), suna ba da ingantaccen haske da faɗaɗɗen kusurwoyin dubawa ba tare da hasken baya ba, suna sa su karanta a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Duk da haka, LCDs suna cinye wutar lantarki sosai don abun ciki mai tsayi kuma suna iya nuna ƙarin zane-zane masu rikitarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffinunin incandescent ko na ruwan tabarau mai haske (VFDs), LEDs suna da ingantaccen dogaro, saurin amsawa, ƙarancin aiki na ƙarfin lantarki, kuma suna da ƙarfi ba tare da filaments ko gilashi don karyewa ba.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin tare da tsayayyen halin yanzu na DC akan kowane LED?

A: A zahiri i, amma zai buƙaci direbobi masu zaman kansu 35, wanda ba shi da amfani. Multiplexing (scanning) shine daidaitaccen kuma an yi niyya don aiki, yana rage adadin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su sosai.

Q: Me yasa kololuwar halin yanzu (90mA) ta yi yawa fiye da matsakaicin halin yanzu (13mA)?

A: A cikin tsarin da aka yi da yawa, kowane LED yana kunne ne kawai na ɗan lokaci (zagayowar aiki). Don cimma hasken da aka gane daidai da ƙaramin halin yanzu na yau da kullun, ana amfani da babban halin yanzu na bugun jini yayin ɗan gajeren lokacinsa na "kunna". Ƙimar 90mA tana tabbatar da cewa LED zai iya ɗaukar waɗannan ɗan gajeren bugun jini ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Q: Tsarin fil ɗin yana nuna haɗin kwafi don Anode Ginshiƙi 3 da Cathode Layi 4. Wanne yakamata in yi amfani da shi?

A: Kuna iya amfani da ɗayan fil ɗin kwafi. An haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki a cikin fakitin. Ana yin hakan sau da yawa don samar da sassauƙan shimfidawa akan PCB, yana ba da damar hanyar zuwa daga bangarori biyu daban-daban.

Q: Ta yaya zan ƙididdige haske don aikace-aikacena?

A: Hasken da aka gane a cikin saitin da aka yi da yawa ya dogara da kololuwar halin yanzu (Ip) da zagayowar aiki. Misali, tare da zagayowar aiki 1/7 (layuka 7) da kololuwar halin yanzu na 80mA, matsakaicin halin yanzu a kowane digo shine ~11.4mA (80mA / 7). Sannan za ku koma ga lankwalan ƙarfin haske vs. halin yanzu don kimanta fitarwa ta haske a wannan matakin matsakaicin halin yanzu.

11: Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar nunin agogo mai lamba ɗaya ta amfani da microcontroller. Za a saita tashoshin I/O na microcontroller don tuƙa matrix ɗin. Za a saita fil ɗin 7 a matsayin fitarwa na buɗe-drain ko sinking na halin yanzu waɗanda aka haɗa su da cathodes na layi. Za a saita fil ɗin 5 a matsayin daidaitattun fitarwa na turawa-wasa waɗanda aka haɗa su da anodes na ginshiƙi, kowannensu yana da jerin resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu (misali, (5V - 2.4V) / 0.013A ≈ 200Ω). Firmware zai ƙunshi taswirar font—teburin nemo wanda ke ayyana tsarin 5x7 don kowane harafi (0-9, A-Z). Babban madauki zai aiwatar da katsewar timer. A cikin aikin hidimar katsewa, microcontroller zai: 1) kashe duk ginshiƙai don layin da ya gabata, 2) ci gaba zuwa layi na gaba, 3) samo bayanan ginshiƙi (bit 5) don harafin da ake so don wannan layin, 4) yi amfani da wannan bayanin zuwa fil ɗin ginshiƙi, da 5) kunna (sinking current akan) cathode na layin yanzu. Wannan jeri yana maimaitawa a babban mitar, yana haifar da harafi mai tsayayye, mara ƙyalli.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Tushen ka'idar aiki ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna na diode, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki (tsarin rijiyar quantum na AlInGaP). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin zango (launi) na hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda aka ƙera a cikin AlInGaP don samar da hasken ja. Tsarin matrix 5x7 tsarin magana ne. Ta hanyar tsara LEDs a cikin grid, ana iya sarrafa adadi mai yawa na pixels (35) tare da ƙananan layukan sarrafawa (12). Ana cimma wannan ta hanyar multiplexing, inda layi ɗaya kawai ke samun wutar lantarki a lokaci guda, amma binciken yana faruwa da sauri har idon ɗan adam yana ganin duk LEDs a cikin harafi a matsayin mai ci gaba da haske saboda dagewar gani.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Yayin da keɓaɓɓun nunin matrix digo 5x7 kamar LTP-1457AKR ke ci gaba da kasancewa masu dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace masu hankali da farashi, ana bayyana ƙarin trends na fasahar nuni. Akwai motsi zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, kamar nunin tare da guntu na sarrafawa a ciki (misali, jerin HDSP-2112) waɗanda ke sarrafa samar da haruffa da multiplexing, suna sauƙaƙe aikin microcontroller mai masaukin baki. Don sabbin ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar fiye da ƴan haruffa, ƙirar OLED ko TFT LCD suna zama mafi gasa a farashi kuma suna ba da ƙwarewa mafi girma don zane-zane da kafofin al'ada. A cikin fasahar LED kanta, amfani da AlInGaP yana wakiltar ci gaba akan tsofaffin LEDs ja na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), yana ba da ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Ci gaba da ci gaba a duk aikace-aikacen LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen ƙarfin haske (ƙarin fitarwa ta haske a kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), wanda aka motsa ta hanyar inganta girma na epitaxial, ƙirar guntu, da marufi.