Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTP-2157AKY LED Display - Tsayin Matrix 2.0-inch (50.8mm) - AlInGaP Amber Yellow - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar 35mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTP-2157AKY na'urar nuni ce ta LED mai matrix 5 x 7, mai tsayin harafi 2.0-inch (50.8 mm). An ƙera wannan na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna bayanai masu bayyanawa, masu haske, ko lambobi ko alamomi. Fasahar cikinta tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken rawaya. Bayyanar gani tana da fuskar launin toka tare da launin farin ɗigo, wanda ke ƙara bambanci da karantawa. An gina na'urar a matsayin tsari na gama-gari-cathode, yana buƙatar na'urar tuƙi mai yawa (multiplexing) na waje don aiki.

Yankunan aikace-aikacen farko na wannan nuni sun haɗa da kayan aikin masana'antu, mu'amalar na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, na'urori na siyarwa, nunin kayan aikin likita, da kowane tsarin da aka haɗa (embedded system) da ke buƙatar karatun da ya dace, mai aminci, kuma mai haske. Ginin sa mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rayuwar aiki idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin nuni kamar na'urorin fluorescent na vacuum ko na incandescent.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Ciki da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin LTP-2157AKY sun samo asali ne daga fasahar LED ta AlInGaP da ƙirar da aka yi la'akari da su. Tana ba da haske mai ƙarfi da bambanci mai ƙarfi, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin hasken muhalli daban-daban, gami da wuraren cikin gida masu haske. Ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi ko waɗanda ke kula da makamashi. Kyakkyawan bayyanar harafi ana samun shi ta hanyar daidaitaccen tsari na matrix 5x7, wanda shine ma'auni don nuna haruffan ASCII a sarari.

Kasuwar da ake nufi tana da faɗi, tana haɗawa da OEMs (Masu Kera Kayan Asali) da injiniyoyin ƙira waɗanda ke aiki akan na'urori waɗanda ke buƙatar mafita mai sauƙi, mai tsada, kuma mai ƙarfi. Ƙayyadaddun sa sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai yuwuwa inda manyan nunin zane-zane masu rikitarwa ba su da buƙata ko kuma sun yi tsada sosai.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken ma'auni na lantarki da na gani yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen ƙirar da'ira da haɗa nunin LTP-2157AKY.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Matsakaicin Ragewar Wutar Lantarki Kowane ɗigo:35 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da za a iya zubar da shi ta hanyar sashin LED guda ɗaya (ɗigo) ba tare da haifar da lalacewar zafi ba.
• Kololuwar Halin Gaba Kowane ɗigo:60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na lokaci-lokaci da aka yarda yayin aikin bugun jini, yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin tsare-tsaren tuƙi masu yawa (multiplexed).
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba Kowane ɗigo:13 mA a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa a layi daya a 0.17 mA/°C sama da 25°C. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka yarda zai kasance kusan: 13 mA - (0.17 mA/°C * (85°C - 25°C)) = 13 mA - 10.2 mA = 2.8 mA. Wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Juya Baya Kowane ɗigo:5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya karya haɗin LED.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ma'ajiyar Zazzabi:-35°C zuwa +85°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
• Zazzabin Solder:Matsakaicin 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon dakika 3, ana auna shi 1.6mm ƙasa da farantin zama. Wannan daidaitaccen jagorar solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kunnawa ne don hana lalacewar fakitin.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki da aka auna a yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):2100 μcd (Min), 3600 μcd (Typ). Yanayin Gwaji: I_p=32mA, 1/16 Duty cycle. Wannan babban haske siffa ce mai mahimmanci. Aunin yana amfani da tacewa wanda ya kusanta da lanƙwan amsawar ido na CIE photopic don daidaito.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λ_p):595 nm (Typ). Wannan shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa wanda ƙarfin gani ya fi girma, yana ayyana launin rawaya.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (Typ). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan; ƙunƙuntar faɗi yana nufin launi guda ɗaya.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):592 nm (Typ). Wannan shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa da idon ɗan adam ke gani, yana dacewa da tsayin kololuwar wannan nau'in LED.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba Kowane Sashi (V_F):2.05V (Min), 2.6V (Typ). Yanayin Gwaji: I_F=20mA. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da wannan ƙarfin lantarki.
• Halin Juya Baya (I_R):100 μA (Max). Yanayin Gwaji: V_R=5V. Wannan shine halin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da LED ke karkatar da baya.
• Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V-m):2:1 (Max). Yanayin Gwaji: I_F=2mA. Wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin nunin; hasken mafi ƙarancin sashin zai kasance aƙalla rabin na mafi haske.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Takardar bayanin ba ta bayyana dalla-dalla tsarin binning mai matakai da yawa don tsawon raƙuman ruwa ko kwarara ba. Duk da haka, ƙayyadaddun ma'auni suna nuna tsarin masana'antu da aka sarrafa. Matsakaicin kewayon don Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (592 nm Typ) da Ƙarfin Hasken (2100-3600 μcd) suna nuna cewa an zaɓi sassa don cika waɗannan mafi ƙanƙanta da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi la'akari da ƙananan ƙimomi (I_Vmin 2100 μcd, V_Fmax 2.6V) don mafi munin yanayin ƙirar da'ira don tabbatar da bayyanar nunin da daidaitaccen ƙa'idar halin yanzu a duk raka'o'i.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Takardar bayanin tana nuni zuwa lanƙwan halaye na yau da kullun. Duk da yake ba a bayar da su a cikin rubutun ba, ana iya ƙididdige lanƙwan LED na yau da kullun kuma suna da mahimmanci don ƙira.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)

Dangantakar I-V ba ta layi daya ba. Yawan V_Fna 2.6V a 20mA shine mahimmin batu na ƙira. Lanƙwan yana nuna juyi mai kaifi a kusa da ƙarfin lantarki na bandgap na LED (~2V don AlInGaP), bayan haka halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfin lantarki. Saboda haka, ana ba da shawarar tuƙi LEDs tare da tushen halin yanzu akai-akai fiye da tushen ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai don hana guduwar zafi da tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Gaba

Ƙarfin haske yana daidai da halin gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (misali, har zuwa matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ƙidaya). Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a manyan halayen yanzu saboda dumama. Ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi a 32mA aikin bugun jini an inganta shi don nunin da aka haɗa (multiplexed).

4.3 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Halayen LED suna da hankali ga zazzabi. Ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F) yawanci yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin haɗin gwiwa (mummunan ma'aunin zafin jiki). Ƙarfin haske shima yana raguwa yayin da zazzabi ya tashi. Ƙayyadaddun ƙimar raguwar halin yanzu (0.17 mA/°C) kariya ce kai tsaye ta ƙira don hana waɗannan tasirin, yana hana dumama da lalacewar haske da wuri.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Bakan watsawa yana tsakiya a kusa da 595 nm (rawaya) tare da matsakaicin rabin faɗi na 15 nm. Wannan ƙunƙuntar band ne, sifa na semiconductor III-V na kai tsaye-bandgap kamar AlInGaP, yana haifar da kyakkyawan jikewa launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

5.1 Girman Jiki

Zanen fakitin yana nuna girman gabaɗayan jiki na na'urar nuni. Duk girmansu suna cikin millimeters tare da matsakaicin juriya na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB (Allon Da'ira da aka Buga) da kayan ɗaki.

5.2 Saitin Fil da Da'irar Ciki

LTP-2157AKY yana da saitin fil 14. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna tsari na gama-gari-cathode don matrix 5x7. Ginshiƙai (layukan tsaye) sune cathodes, kuma layuka (layukan kwance) sune anodes. Takamaiman bayanin kula yana nuna haɗin ciki: Fil 4 & Fil 11 suna haɗe (duka Cathode ne don Ginshiƙi 3), kuma Fil 5 & Fil 12 suna haɗe (duka Anode ne don Layi 4). Wannan haɗin ciki mai yiwuwa yana sauƙaƙa tsarin shimfidar waya na ciki. Dole ne a bi teburin fitar da fil daidai don aikin nunin daidai.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin gama-gari-cathode. Fil ɗin cathode don ginshiƙai ne (1-5), kuma fil ɗin anode don layuka ne (1-7). Yin amfani da karkatar da gaba yana buƙatar haɗa filin layin da ake so zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau (ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba) da filin ginshiƙin da ake so zuwa ƙasa (ko direba mai nutsewa a gefen ƙasa).

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga ya ƙayyade bayanin solder: matsakaicin zazzabi na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon dakika 3, ana auna shi 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da farantin zama. Wannan ya dace da daidaitattun hanyoyin sake kunnawar solder marasa gubar (misali, bin daidaitaccen bayanin martaba na IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Yakamata a kula don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan filayen yayin sarrafawa. Don ajiya, ana ba da shawarar ƙayyadadden kewayon -35°C zuwa +85°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mai hana tashin hankali don hana ɗaukar danshi (wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake kunnawa) da lalacewar fitar da tashin hankali.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

Lambar sashi ita ce LTP-2157AKY. Duk da yake ba a jera cikakkun bayanan fakitin (reel, tire, bututu) a cikin abubuwan da aka bayar ba, irin waɗannan nunin yawanci ana samar da su a cikin bututu ko tire masu hana tashin hankali don kare filayen da fuskar nuni. "Spec No.: DS-30-99-106" da "BNS-OD-FC001/A4" lambobin sarrafa takardu ne na ciki.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LTP-2157AKY yana buƙatar da'irar direba ta waje. Ƙirar gama gari tana amfani da microcontroller tare da software mai yawa (multiplexing). Tashoshin I/O na microcontroller, sau da yawa ba su isa don fitar da/ɗaukar halin yanzu da ake buƙata kai tsaye ba, ana haɗa su zuwa transistors masu tuƙi na layi (misali, PNP ko P-channel MOSFETs don fitar da halin yanzu zuwa anodes) da transistors masu tuƙi na ginshiƙi ko ƙwararrun direbobin nutsewa (misali, NPN, N-channel MOSFETs, ko LED driver ICs kamar ULN2003 don nutse halin yanzu daga cathodes). Tsarin multiplexing yana zagayawa cikin sauri ta kowane layi (1-7), yana kunna madaidaicin cathodes na ginshiƙi don wannan layin don samar da harafin da ake so. 1/16 duty cycle da aka ambata a cikin yanayin gwaji matsakaicin rabo ne na multiplexing (misali, 1 layi a lokaci guda daga yuwuwar 7+? firam; daidaitaccen lokaci ya dogara da ƙirar direba).

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Mahimmanci ga kowane sashin LED. Yi amfani da resistors ko direbobin halin yanzu akai-akai. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC), ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED (V_F), da halin gaba da ake so (I_F). Don aikin multiplexed, yi amfani da kololuwar halin yanzu (I_p). Misali: Don V_CC=5V, V_F=2.6V, I_p=32mA, R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.032A ≈ 75 Ohms.
• Mita Mai Yawa:Dole ne ya yi girma sosai don guje wa kyan gani (yawanci > 60 Hz ƙimar firam). Dagewar hangen nesa zai haɗa layukan da ke zagayawa cikin sauri zuwa cikin hoto mai tsayi.
• Zubar da Zafi:Ku bi lanƙwan raguwar halin yanzu a manyan yanayin zafi na yanayi. Tabbatar da isasshen iska idan an yi amfani da shi a cikin wuraren da aka rufe.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Duk da yake ba a ƙayyade ba, matrices na LED na yau da kullun suna da faɗin kusurwar dubawa. Ƙirar fuskar toka/farin ɗigo tana inganta bambanci don duban gaba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin nuni na zamani da ake samu a lokacin sakin sa (2002), LTP-2157AKY ya ba da fa'idodi daban-daban:

• vs. Nunin Incandescent ko Vacuum Fluorescent (VFDs):Nunin LED yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki sosai, yana samar da ƙarancin zafi, yana ba da lokacin amsa mai sauri, kuma yana da tsawon rayuwa sosai. Haka nan yana da ƙarfi sosai a injiniya saboda ba shi da filaments masu rauni ko ambulaf ɗin gilashi.
• vs. LCDs na Farko:Nunin LED yana haskaka kansa, yana samar da haske mafi girma da kyakkyawan bayyani a cikin ƙarancin haske ko yanayin hasken rana kai tsaye ba tare da hasken baya ba. Haka nan yana da faɗin kewayon aikin zazzabi kuma babu matsalolin amsa a hankali a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
• vs. Sauran Launukan LED (misali, GaAsP Ja):Fasahar AlInGaP da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wannan LED rawaya tana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace naúrar wutar lantarki) da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci fiye da tsofaffin LEDs ja na GaAsP.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nuni tare da samar da 5V akai-akai akan anodes?

A1: A'a. LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ba zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu, yana iya lalata LED. Koyaushe yi amfani da tsarin iyakance halin yanzu.

Q2: Me yasa akwai filaye biyu don Ginshiƙi 3 da Layi 4?

A2: Fil 4 & Fil 11 duka an haɗa su zuwa Cathode Ginshiƙi 3 a ciki, kuma Fil 5 & Fil 12 duka an haɗa su zuwa Anode Layi 4. Wannan mai yiwuwa an yi shi don ingantaccen tsarin shimfidar waya na ciki ko don samar da madadin wuraren haɗi akan PCB don sauƙin hanyar sadarwa. A lantarki, su ne kumburi ɗaya.

Q3: Me yake nufi da "1/16 Duty" a cikin yanayin gwaji na ƙarfin haske?

A3: Yana nufin LED an buga shi tare da aikin aiki na 1/16 (6.25%). Kololuwar halin yanzu (I_p=32mA) ya fi girma fiye da matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC zai kasance don fahimtar haske iri ɗaya a cikin tsarin multiplexed. Matsakaicin halin yanzu shine I_p* aikin aiki = 32mA * 0.0625 = 2mA. Wannan aikin bugun jini daidaitaccen gwaji ne don gwada nunin da aka haɗa (multiplexed).

Q4: Ta yaya zan nuna harafi kamar harafin "A"?

A4: Kuna buƙatar taswirar font ko teburin nemo wanda ke ayyana waɗanne ɗigogi (mahadar layi, ginshiƙi) don haskakawa ga kowane harafi. Don matrix 5x7, wannan yawanci tsararrun byte 5 ne a kowane harafi, inda kowane bit a cikin byte yana wakiltar wani abu na layi a cikin ginshiƙi ɗaya. Software ɗin microcontroller ɗinku yana amfani da wannan taswirar yayin binciken multiplexing.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yi la'akari da ƙirar ma'aunin zafi na dijital mai sauƙi tare da karatun lamba 3 ta amfani da nunin LTP-2157AKY guda uku. Tsarin zai buƙaci firikwensin zazzabi, microcontroller (misali, MCU 8-bit), da da'irar direba. Microcontroller yana karanta firikwensin, yana canza ƙimar zuwa BCD ko taswirar font na al'ada, kuma yana tuƙi nunin. Saboda adadin filaye (nuni 3 * filaye 14 = filaye 42 idan aka tuƙa kai tsaye), tsarin multiplexing ya zama dole. Ƙirar za ta ƙunshi: 1) Haɗa duk madaidaicin filayen layin (anodes) na nunin uku tare (ƙirƙirar layukan anode gama gari 7). 2) Haɗa filayen ginshiƙi (cathodes) na kowane nuni daban (ƙirƙirar nunin 3 * ginshiƙai 5 = layukan cathode 15). 3) Yin amfani da microcontroller tare da layukan I/O 7+15=22 (ko ƙasa da tare da rajista na canji na waje ko masu faɗaɗa tashar) don duba layukan gama gari da kunna madaidaicin ginshiƙai don kowane lamba a jere a babban mitar. Za a sanya resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu akan ko dai layukan anode gama gari ko kuma layukan cathode ɗaya.

12. Ƙa'idar Aiki

LTP-2157AKY ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar electroluminescence na haɗin gwiwar P-N semiconductor. Lokacin da aka karkatar da gaba, electrons daga Layer AlInGaP na N-type suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka daga Layer P-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan taron sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon raƙuman ruwa na 595 nm (rawaya) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin makamashi na bandgap na kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma na crystal. Substrate na GaAs mara kyau yana taimakawa haske yana nuna sama, yana inganta ingantaccen ingancin fitar da haske daga saman saman guntu.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Tun lokacin da aka fitar da wannan takardar bayanin (2002), fasahar nunin LED ta ci gaba sosai. Duk da yake tsarin matrix 5x7 ya kasance mai aiki don nunin mai sauƙi, fasahar da ke ƙasa ta samo asali. LEDs na AlInGaP sun ga haɓaka inganci da tsawon rai. Bugu da ƙari, sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan nuni sun zama ruwan dare: 1)Matrices Masu Girma:8x8, 16x16, da manyan matrices na zane-zane yanzu sun zama na yau da kullun kuma marasa tsada. 2)Na'urorin LED na Surface-Mount (SMD):Ƙirar zamani sau da yawa suna amfani da LEDs na SMD ɗaya ɗaya da aka sanya akan PCB don samar da matrix, suna ba da ƙarin sassauƙan ƙira. 3)Nunin LED na Organic (OLED):Suna ba da babban bambanci, faɗin kusurwar dubawa, da sifofi masu sassauƙa, ko da yake suna iya samun tsawon rai daban-daban da ƙuntatawa na muhalli. 4)Nunin Mai Sarrafa Haɗe:Modules na zamani sau da yawa sun haɗa da mai sarrafa da aka gina a ciki (kamar HD44780 don LCDs na harafi ko ƙwararrun direbobin matrix LED) wanda ke sauƙaƙa buƙatun mu'amala zuwa 'yan layukan bayanai da sarrafawa kawai. Duk da haka, ƙa'idodin ƙira na asali don tuƙa jerin LED da aka haɗa (multiplexed), kamar yadda aka yi dalla-dalla don LTP-2157AKY, sun kasance masu amfani kai tsaye ga yawancin ayyukan matrix LED na zamani na daban.