Takardun Bayani na LTP-2157AKD LED Dot Matrix Display - Tsawon 2.0 Inch - Tsarin 5x7 - Hyper Red (650nm) - 40mW/Dot - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LTP-2157AKD wani kayan aiki ne na nuni na haruffa da lambobi, wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitar da bayani mai haske, mai tsabta, kuma mai dogaro. Babban aikinsa shine nuna haruffa da alamomi ta amfani da grid na fitilun LED masu haskakawa waɗanda ake iya sarrafa su kai tsaye. Yankunan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da allunan sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urori na siyarwa, na'urorin nuni na likitanci, da kuma nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci inda nuni mai sauƙi na haruffa kawai ya isa.

Ka'idar aiki ta asali ta dogara ne akan tsarin dot matrix 5x7. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane harafi yana samuwa ta hanyar haskaka wani tsari na musamman a cikin grid na ginshiƙai 5 da layuka 7 na pixels na LED. Ta hanyar zaɓin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (anode) ga layin layi da kuma layin cathode na ginshiƙi da ya dace da kowane pixel da ake so, ana kunna ɗigoɗigo na musamman don ƙirƙirar siffofi masu ganuwa kamar haruffa da lambobi. Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin tuƙi mai yawa (multiplexing), inda ake kunna kowane layi na 7 a jere cikin sauri, wanda ke haifar da ganin harafi mai tsayayye, cikakken haske yayin da ake rage yawan fil ɗin tuƙi da amfani da wutar lantarki.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Bayani Mai zurfi da Haƙiƙa

2.1 Halayen Hasken Gani da Na'urar Gani

Ana ayyana aikin gani a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Babban ma'auni, Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), yana da ƙimar al'ada na microcandelas 3500 (µcd) lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da ƙarfin halin yanzu na kololuwa (Ip) na 32mA a cikin zagayowar aiki 1/16. Wannan yana nuna fitarwa mai ƙarfin haske wanda ya dace da wuraren da ke da haske mai kyau. Mafi ƙarancin ƙimar da aka ƙayyade shine 1650 µcd, wanda ke ayyana iyakar ƙasa na aikin samfurin.

Halayen launi ana ƙaddara su ta hanyar kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λp) yawanci yana nanomita 650 (nm), yana sanya shi a cikin yankin hyper-red na bakan gani. Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λd) an ƙayyade shi a 639 nm. Bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayi da tsayin tsayi, tare da Rabin Faɗin Bakan (Δλ) na 20 nm, suna bayyana tsaftar bakan da kuma inuwar ja da aka fitar. An ƙayyade Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Hasken Hasken na 2:1 (max), ma'ana hasken mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren a cikin harafi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da rabin hasken mafi haske a ƙarƙashin yanayin tuƙi iri ɗaya ba, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Zafi

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin aiki waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Matsakaicin Ragewar Wutar Lantarki a kowane ɗigo an ƙididdige shi a milliwatts 40 (mW). Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba na kowane ɗigo zai iya kaiwa 90mA don aikin bugun jini, yayin da Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba na kowane ɗigo yana da ƙimar tushe na 15mA a 25°C, yana raguwa a layi daya da 0.2 mA/°C yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi da dogon lokacin dogaro. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Koma Baya a kowane ɗigo shine 5V.

A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada (Ƙarfin Gaba IF=20mA), Ƙarfin Gaba a kowane Bangare (VF) yana kewayo daga 2.1V (min) zuwa 2.6V (max). Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar iyakancewa halin yanzu a cikin direba. Ƙarfin Koma Baya (IR) yana da ƙasa sosai, yawanci microamperes 2.3 zuwa 2.8 (µA) a matsakaicin ƙarfin koma baya na 5V, yana nuna kyakkyawan halayen diode.

An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Zafin Aiki na -35°C zuwa +85°C, tare da Kewayon Zafin Ajiya iri ɗaya. Wannan faɗin kewayon ya sa ya dace da wurare masu tsauri. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin solder a matsayin 260°C na tsawon lokaci mai tsayi na dakika 3, wanda aka auna 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da matakin zama, wanda ke ba da cikakkun jagorori don hanyoyin haɗa PCB.

3. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Na'urar nuni tana da tsayin matrix da aka bayyana na inci 2.0 (50.8 mm). Ana ba da girman fakitin a cikin cikakken zane tare da duk ma'auni a cikin milimita. Ƙimar ƙira gabaɗaya ±0.25 mm (0.01 inches) sai dai idan an lura da hakan akan zane. Fakitin jiki yana da fuskar launin toka tare da launin ɗigo fari, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci lokacin da LED ɗin ya kashe kuma yana yada haske lokacin da suka kunna.

Zanen haɗin fil yana da mahimmanci don haɗin kai daidai. Na'urar tana da tsarin fil 14. Da'irar ciki tsari ne na gama-gari na gama-gari don ginshiƙai, tare da anodes na layuka 7 ana fitar da su zuwa fil ɗin kowane mutum. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da haɗin ciki: Fil 4 da Fil 11 suna haɗe a ciki (duka Cathode ne na Ginshiƙi na 3), kuma Fil 5 da Fil 12 suna haɗe a ciki (duka Anode ne na Layi na 4). An yi waɗannan haɗin don sauƙaƙa haɗin ciki kuma ba sa shafar dabaru na tuƙi na waje.

4. Bincike akan Lissafin Aiki

Takardun bayani yana nuni zuwa lissafin halayen lantarki da na gani na al'ada. Duk da yake ba a yi cikakken bayani game da zane-zane na musamman a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, lissafin daidaitattun na irin waɗannan na'urori gabaɗaya za su haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lissafin I-V):Wannan jadawalin yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, mai mahimmanci don ƙayyade ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don wani ƙarfin tuƙi.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Ƙarfin Gaba:Wannan lissafin yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin alaƙar kusa da layi a cikin kewayon aiki kafin inganci ya faɗi a ƙaramin ƙarfin halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zafin Yanayi:Wannan yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitarwar LED ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan shine maɓalli don aikace-aikacen da ke da babban zafin yanayi ko rashin ingantaccen zafi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali na ƙarfin dangi da tsawon zango, yana nuna tattara fitar da haske a kusa da kololuwar 650nm tare da rabin faɗin 20nm da aka ayyana.

Waɗannan lissafin suna ba masu zane damar inganta aiki da fahimtar ciniki tsakanin haske, inganci, ƙarfin tuƙi, da sarrafa zafi.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Dole ne haɗawa ya bi ƙayyadaddun bayanan solder don hana lalacewa. Matsakaicin zafin solder da aka yarda shine 260°C, kuma ya kamata a fallasa kayan aikin zuwa wannan zafin na ƙasa da dakika 3. Yawanci ana samun wannan ta amfani da tsarin solder na sake kunnawa mai sarrafawa tare da bayanin martaba wanda ke haɓaka zafin jiki, yana riƙe a kololuwa, kuma yana sanyaya a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakoki. Solder na hannu tare da ƙarfe yana buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani don daidaita zafi da kuma guje wa wuce waɗannan ma'auni.

Don ajiya, ya kamata a ajiye na'urar a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki na -35°C zuwa +85°C a cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin zafi. Ana ba da shawarar amfani da abubuwan a cikin lokacin rayuwarsu kuma a bi ƙa'idodin ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa don kare mahaɗan semiconductor masu mahimmanci.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Hankali

6.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LTP-2157AKD yana buƙatar da'irar direba ta waje. Zane na gama-gari yana amfani da microcontroller tare da isassun fil ɗin I/O ko kuma na'urar tuƙi ta LED ta musamman (kamar MAX7219 ko makamantansu). Dole ne direba ya aiwatar da multiplexing: yana kunna kowane layin anode na layuka 7 a jere yayin samar da bayanan cathode na ginshiƙi don wannan layin na musamman. Dole ne ƙimar sabunta ta zama mai girma sosai (yawanci >100Hz) don guje wa flicker mai ganuwa. Masu iyakancewa halin yanzu suna tilas ga kowane layin ginshiƙi (ko haɗa su cikin direba) don saita ƙarfin gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20mA don haske na al'ada). Lissafin ƙimar resistor shine R = (Vcc - Vf - Vdriver_sat) / If, inda Vcc shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki, Vf shine ƙarfin gaba na LED (~2.6V max), Vdriver_sat shine ƙarfin jikewa na direba, kuma If shine ƙarfin gaba da ake so.

6.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka a Hankali na Zane

• Wutar Lantarki:Tabbatar cewa wutar lantarki na iya isar da ƙarfin halin yanzu na kololuwa da ake buƙata. Tare da ginshiƙai 5 da za a iya haskakawa a kowane layi kuma ƙarfin halin yanzu na kololuwa har zuwa 20mA a kowane ɗigo, layi ɗaya zai iya ja 100mA. Dole ne wadatar ta iya ɗaukar wannan nauyin bugun jini.
• Rage Zafi:Duk da yake ɗigoɗigo ɗaya suna watsar da 40mW kawai max, ci gaba da aiki na ɗigoɗigo da yawa na iya haifar da zafi mai mahimmanci. Tabbatar da isassun iska ko heatsinking idan ana aiki a babban zafin yanayi ko matsakaicin ƙima.
• Kusurwar Kallo da Bambanci:Zanen fuskar toka/ɗigo fari yana ba da kyakkyawan bambanci a lokacin kashewa. Yi la'akari da kusurwar kallo da aka yi niyya lokacin hawa na'urar nuni; hasken LED yawanci yana da mafi girma akan-axis.
• Software:Firmware na microcontroller yana buƙatar haɗa taswirar font (teburin nemo wanda ke ayyana tsarin 5x7 na kowane harafi) da kuma tsarin multiplexing.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambance-bambancen wannan nuni shine amfani da fasahar LED Hyper Red ta AlInGaP. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED ja na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da mafi girma haske don ƙarfin tuƙi iri ɗaya, ko daidai haske a ƙaramin wutar lantarki. Hakanan yana ba da mafi kyawun tsaftar launi da kwanciyar hankali akan zafi da lokaci.

Idan aka kwatanta da nuni mai sauƙi na sassa 7, matrix ɗigo 5x7 yana ba da sassauƙa mai yawa, yana iya nuna cikakken saitin haruffa na haruffa da lambobi (AZ, 0-9, alamomi) har ma da zane-zane masu sauƙi, yayin da nuni na sassa 7 yana iyakance da farko ga lambobi da ƴan haruffa. Ciniki shine ƙara rikitarwa a cikin kayan aiki (ƙarin fil ɗin direba) da software (samar da halayen).

8. Tambayoyi na Kowa Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nuni tare da ƙarfin halin yanzu na DC ba tare da multiplexing ba?

A: A fasaha, i, amma ba shi da inganci kuma ba a ba da shawarar ba. Tuƙi duk ɗigo 35 lokaci ɗaya a 20mA zai buƙaci ja 700mA kuma yana haifar da zafi mai yawa. Multiplexing shine daidaitaccen hanyar da aka yi niyya, yana rage wutar lantarki da adadin fil.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (650nm) da Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (639nm)?

A: Tsawon tsayi shine mafi girman ƙarfi a cikin fitarwar bakan. Tsawon tsayi shine tsayin zango guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam. Bambancin ya taso saboda LED yana fitar da bakan haske (faɗin 20nm), ba tsayin zango guda ɗaya ba.

Q: Pinout yana nuna fil biyu don Ginshiƙi na 3 da fil biyu don Layi na 4. Shin ina buƙatar haɗa duka biyun?

A: A'a, waɗannan fil ɗin suna haɗe a ciki. Haɗawa zuwa ko ɗaya ya isa. Wannan haɗin ciki wani abu ne na masana'antu don sauƙaƙa haɗin mutu. Haɗawa duka biyun ba ya haifar da lahani amma ba dole ba ne.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige matsakaicin amfani da wutar lantarki?

A: Don nuni mai yawa, matsakaicin halin yanzu yana kusan (Adadin ɗigoɗigo da aka haskaka a cikin cikakken harafi / Jimlar adadin ɗigoɗigo) * Halin yanzu a kowane ɗigo * Zagayowar Aiki. Misali, don harafi da ke amfani da ɗigo 24 da aka haskaka a 20mA tare da zagayowar aiki 1/7 (layuka 7): Matsakaicin Halin yanzu ≈ (24/35) * 20mA * (1/7) ≈ 2mA a kowane harafi. Ninka da adadin haruffa don jimlar kaya.

9: Nazarin Aikace-aikace na Ainihi

Yanayi: Zane na sauƙi na karatun zafin jiki na harafi ɗaya don tanda masana'antu.

Abin da ake buƙata shine nuna zafin jiki daga 0 zuwa 199°C. Microcontroller yana karanta firikwensin zafin jiki. Ana amfani da nuni ɗaya na LTP-2157AKD. Microcontroller yana da ƙayyadaddun fil, don haka yana amfani da rijistar motsi a cikin jeri/ a waje (kamar 74HC595) don tuƙi ginshiƙai 5 na cathode kuma yana amfani da 7 daga cikin fil ɗin I/O ɗinsa don tuƙi anodes na layi ta hanyar maɓallan transistor (don ɗaukar mafi girman halin yanzu na layi).

Firmware ya haɗa da font 5x7 don lambobi 0-9 da alamar digiri. Tsarin multiplexing yana gudana akan katsewar timer. Nuni yana nuna lambobi masu tsayayye, ja mai haske waɗanda ake iya karantawa daga ƙafa da yawa a cikin saitin masana'antu. Faɗin kewayon zafin aiki na nuni (-35°C zuwa +85°C) yana tabbatar da dogaro ko da murfin waje na mai sarrafa tanda ya yi zafi. Babban bambancin fuskar toka yana hana wankewa ƙarƙashin hasken masana'antu mai haske.

10. Ka'idar Fasaha da Trends

10.1 Ka'idar Fasaha ta Asali

Samar da haske ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin mahaɗar p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga Layer AlInGaP na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga Layer p-type. Wannan taron sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman bandgap na kayan AlInGaP yana ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na photons ɗin da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, hasken ja a kusa da 650nm. Tushen GaAs mara kyau yana ɗaukar duk wani haske da aka fitar ƙasa, yana inganta inganci gabaɗaya ta hanyar nuna ƙarin haske daga saman na'urar. An ƙirƙiri tsarin 5x7 ta hanyar ajiya da ƙirƙira ƙananan ƙwayoyin LED da yawa ko kuma mutu ɗaya da aka ƙirƙira akan tushe gama gari, tare da haɗin layukan anode da cathode.

10.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Duk da yake nunin matrix ɗigo 5x7 mai hankali kamar LTP-2157AKD sun kasance masu dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci na farashi, mafi faɗin trends na masana'antu suna matsawa zuwa mafita haɗe-haɗe. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

- Tsarin Surface-Mount Device (SMD):Ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa, sauƙin haɗawa ta atomatik.

- Nuni Mai Sarrafa/Direba Haɗe:Modules tare da sarrafawa na cikin gida waɗanda ke sadarwa ta SPI ko I2C, suna rage nauyin albarkatun microcontroller sosai.

- Mafi Girman Ƙuduri da Launi:Motsi zuwa matrices mafi kyau da nunin RGB mai cikakken launi don ƙarin cikakkun zane-zane.

- Madadin Fasahohi:A wasu aikace-aikace, nunin OLED (Organic LED) suna ba da mafi kyawun bambanci da kusurwoyin kallo, ko da yake sau da yawa a farashi mai tsada kuma tare da halayen rayuwa daban-daban.

Fa'idodin dindindin na matrices na LED masu hankali kamar wannan sune tsananin ƙarfi, dogon rayuwa, babban haske, sauƙi, da ƙaramin farashi don ayyukan nuni na haruffa masu launi ɗaya, suna tabbatar da ci gaba da amfani da su a cikin tsarin masana'antu da na haɗe.