CNY17-X CNY17F-X Optocoupler Datasheet - 6-Pin DIP Package - Isolation Voltage 5000Vrms - Current Transfer Ratio 40-320% - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

The CNY17-X and CNY17F-X series are families of 6-pin dual in-line package (DIP) optocouplers (also known as opto-isolators). Each device consists of a gallium arsenide infrared light-emitting diode (LED) optically coupled to a silicon NPN phototransistor. Its primary function is to provide electrical isolation between two circuits while allowing signal transmission via light. The main difference between the two series is: the CNY17-X series provides an external base connection pin (pin 6), while the CNY17F-X series does not have this connection (NC), resulting in lower noise sensitivity for the latter.

1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market

These devices are designed for applications requiring reliable signal isolation. Their core advantages include a high isolation voltage of up to 5000 V_rms, a compact DIP form factor suitable for through-hole mounting, and sorted current transfer ratio (CTR) groups for design consistency. They are certified by major international safety standards bodies (UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, etc.), making them well-suited for a wide range of industrial, consumer electronics, and power supply applications with stringent safety and noise immunity requirements.

2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Absolute Maximum Ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the device. These are not recommended operating conditions.

• Input Side (LED Terminal):Maximum Continuous Forward Current (I_F) is 60 mA. A short-time (10 µs) peak forward current (I_FM). The maximum reverse voltage (V_R) across the LED is 6 V. At 25°C, the input power dissipation (P_D) is 100 mW, derated by 3.8 mW/°C above 100°C.
• Output side (phototransistor side):Collector-emitter voltage (V_CEO) and collector-base voltage (V_CBO, CNY17-X only) are rated at 80 V. Emitter-collector (V_ECO) and emitter-base (V_EBO) voltage is 7 V. At 25°C, the output power dissipation (P_C) is 150 mW, derated at 9.0 mW/°C above 100°C.
• Total devices:Total device power dissipation (P_TOT) must not exceed 200 mW.
• Isolation and Environment:Isolation voltage (V_ISO) is 5000 V_rms(AC, 1 minute). Operating temperature range (T_OPR) is -55°C to +110°C. Maximum soldering temperature is 260°C for 10 seconds.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters define the performance of the device under typical operating conditions (unless otherwise specified, T_a= 25°C).

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa (Infrared LED)

• Forward Voltage (V_F):At I_F= 60 mA, the maximum value is 1.65 V. This is the voltage drop when the LED is conducting.
• Reverse Current (I_R):At V_RWhen = 6 V, the maximum value is 10 µA. This is the leakage current when the LED is reverse biased.
• Input capacitance (C_in):Typical value is 18 pF. This affects the high-frequency switching performance on the input side.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa (Phototransistor)

• Dark current:When the LED is off (I_F=0), there is leakage current. I_CEO(collector-emitter) at V_CETypical value is 50 nA at V=10V. I_CBO(Collector-Base, only CNY17-X) at V_CBMaximum value is 20 nA at V=10V.
• Breakdown voltage: BV_CEOand BV_CBOMinimum value is 80 V. BV_ECOMinimum value is 7 V.
• Output capacitor (C_CE):Typical value is 8 pF. This affects the output switching speed.

2.3 Halayen Watsawa

These are the most critical parameters in signal coupling applications.

• Current Transfer Ratio (CTR):This is the output collector current (I_C) to the input LED forward current (I_FThe ratio, expressed as a percentage. Devices are divided into four distinct CTR ranges:
  • CNY17-1 / CNY17F-1:CTR = 40% to 80% (at I_F=10mA, V_CE=5V conditions)
  • CNY17-2 / CNY17F-2:CTR = 63% to 125%
  • CNY17-3 / CNY17F-3:CTR = 100% to 200%
  • CNY17-4 / CNY17F-4:CTR = 160% to 320%
• CTR at low current:At I_FAt I = 1mA, a minimum CTR is specified (e.g., 13% for -1 grade, 56% for -4 grade), which is important for low-power or analog sensing applications.
• Saturation voltage (V_CE(sat)):At I_F=10mA, I_C=2.5mA, maximum is 0.3 V. This is the voltage across the transistor when it is fully "on".
• Isolation resistance (R_IO):Minimum value is 10¹¹Ω. This indicates that the DC resistance between the input and output sides is extremely high.
• Input-output capacitance (C_IO):Typical value is 0.5 pF. This small capacitance is key to achieving high common-mode transient immunity (CMTI).

2.4 Halayen Sauya

Dynamic performance is defined by turn-on/turn-off times and rise/fall times, which depend on test conditions.

• Condition 1 (V_CC=10V, I_C=2mA, R_L=100Ω):
  • Turn-on time (t_on): Typical 10 µs, Maximum 12 µs.
  • Turn-off time (t_off): Typical value 9 µs, maximum value 12 µs.
  • Rise time (t_r): Typical value 6 µs, maximum value 10 µs.
  • Fall time (t_f): Typical value 8 µs, maximum value 10 µs.
• Condition 2 (V_CC=5V, I_F=10mA, R_L=75Ω):
  • Rise time (t_r): Typical value 2 µs, maximum value 10 µs.
  • Fall time (t_f): Typical value 3 µs, maximum value 10 µs.

3. Grading System Description

Babban rarrabuwar waɗannan na'urorin haɗin haske ya dogara ne akanCurrent Transfer Ratio (CTR). Matakai huɗu (1, 2, 3, 4) suna ba da ƙananan da manyan ƙimar CTR waɗanda ke haɓaka sannu a hankali. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar na'urar da ta dace da ribar siginar da ake buƙata, kuma ya tabbatar da daidaiton rukuni na samarwa. Misali, da'irar shigarwar dijital da ke buƙatar sigina mai ƙarfi da bayyananne na iya amfani da darajar -3 ko -4, yayin da da'irar da ke da hankali ga canje-canje na iya ƙayyadad da ƙaƙƙarfan darajar -1 mai ƙarancin riba.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Takardar bayanai ta ambaci "Lankwila na Halayen Hasken Lantarki na Al'ada". Ko da yake ba a cikin rubutun da aka bayar cikakken bayani game da takamaiman jadawali, lankwila na al'ada na irin waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa da:

• CTR vs. Forward Current (I_F):yana nuna yadda rabon watsawa ke canzawa tare da ƙarfin koriyar LED, yawanci yana kaiwa kololuwa a wani takamaiman ƙarfi.
• CTR vs. Temperature:Explain how CTR decreases with increasing ambient temperature, which is crucial for high-temperature operation.
• Collector Current (I_C) vs. Collector-Emitter Voltage (V_CE):Output characteristics of a phototransistor, showing the saturation region and the active region.
• Forward Voltage (V_F) vs. Forward Current (I_F):IV characteristics of an infrared LED.

These curves are essential for understanding device behavior under non-standard conditions and for optimizing circuit design.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

These devices are available in standard 6-pin DIP packages and offer multiple pin form options.

5.1 Package Dimensions and Options

• Standard DIP:The default through-hole package.
• Option M:Features "wide pin bending," providing a pin pitch of 0.4 inches (approximately 10.16 mm) for compatibility with wider PCB packages.
• Option S:Surface mount pin form. Designed specifically for reflow soldering process.
• Option S1:Surface mount pin form with a "low profile", suitable for applications with height restrictions.

Detailed dimension drawings (in millimeters) are provided for each option, specifying body dimensions, pin length, pin pitch, and mounting plane.

5.2 Pin Configuration and Polarity

Clear pin identification is crucial for proper installation.

• CNY17-X (with base pin):
  1. Anode (LED +)
  2. Cathode (LED -)
  3. No Connection
  4. Emitter (Phototransistor)
  5. Collector (Phototransistor)
  6. Base (Phototransistor, External Connection)
• CNY17F-X (Without Base Pin):
  1. Anode (LED +)
  2. Cathode (LED -)
  3. No Connection
  4. Emitter (Phototransistor)
  5. Collector (Phototransistor)
  6. No Connection

6. Soldering and Assembly Guide

The datasheet specifies a maximum soldering temperature of 260°C for 10 seconds. This typically applies to wave soldering or hand soldering for through-hole pins. For surface-mount options (S, S1), a standard infrared or convection reflow profile with a peak temperature not exceeding 260°C should be used. Precautions should be taken during handling to avoid excessive mechanical stress on the package. It should be stored in a dry, anti-static environment within the specified temperature range of -55°C to +125°C.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Model Numbering Rules

The part number follows the format:CNY17-XY(Z)-V或CNY17F-XY(Z)-V

• X:Part Number / CTR Grade (1, 2, 3, or 4).
• Y:Lead Form Option (S, S1, M, or leave blank for standard DIP).
• Z:Tape and Reel Packaging Option (TA, TB, or none). Applicable only for S and S1 options.
• V:Optional VDE certification mark.

7.2 Packaging Specifications

• Tube packaging:Standard DIP and option M are supplied in tubes, with 65 pieces per tube.
• Tape and reel packaging:Options S and S1 are available in tape and reel packaging. Options TA and TB contain 1000 pieces per reel.

8. Application Recommendations

8.1 Typical Application Circuit

The datasheet lists common uses: power supply regulators (for feedback isolation), digital logic inputs (for level shifting and noise isolation), and microprocessor inputs (for interfacing with noisy external signals). It shows a specific test circuit for switching times (Figure 11), which includes an input current-limiting resistor (R_IN), an optional base-emitter resistor for CNY17-X (R_BE), and a collector load resistor (R_L).

8.2 Design Considerations

• LED Current Limiting:Always use a series resistor to limit the I_Fto the desired value, typically between 1 mA and 20 mA, to balance speed, CTR, and power consumption.
• Load Resistor (R_L):The R on the collector_Lvalue affects switching speed, output swing, and power consumption. A smaller R_Lshortens the fall time but reduces the output voltage swing.
• Noise Immunity (CNY17F-X):The CNY17F-X series has no external base connection, making it less susceptible to noise injection into the phototransistor base, thus preferred in electrically noisy environments.
• Speed and Current Trade-off:Higher I_Ftypically increases switching speed but also raises power consumption. Please refer to the switching time specifications under different test conditions.
• CTR Degradation:CTR decreases over the device's lifetime, especially under high operating temperatures and high currents. For long-term reliability, design with appropriate derating.

9. Technical Comparison

The key internal difference within the series is the presence or absence of an external base pin (present in CNY17-X, absent in CNY17F-X). CNY17-X offers greater design flexibility; the base pin can be left floating, connected to the emitter via a resistor (to improve speed by clearing stored charge), or used for specific bias configurations. CNY17F-X offers superior noise immunity because the phototransistor's base is entirely internal and inaccessible, which is a significant advantage in noisy industrial environments. Both series share the same isolation, voltage, and CTR specifications.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What are the main differences between the -1, -2, -3, and -4 grades?
A: The difference lies in the guaranteed range of the Current Transfer Ratio (CTR). Grade -4 has the highest gain (160-320%), while Grade -1 has the lowest gain (40-80%). Please select based on the required signal amplification factor in your circuit.

Q: When should I use CNY17F-X instead of CNY17-X?
A: Use CNY17F-X when operating in environments with significant electrical noise (e.g., motor drives, industrial control). The lack of an external base connection makes it inherently less susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling into the sensitive base region.

Q: How do I calculate the input series resistor for the LED?
A: Use Ohm's Law: R_IN= (V_{CC_IN}- V_F) / I_F. Assume V_FTypical value ≈ 1.2V (max 1.65V). For example, using a 5V supply and expecting I_Fto be 10mA: R_IN= (5V - 1.2V) / 0.01A = 380Ω. Use a standard 390Ω resistor.

Q: Can I use it for AC signal isolation?
A: Yes, but with limitations. The phototransistor output is unidirectional (DC). To transmit an AC signal, typically two optocouplers are needed (one for each half-cycle), or additional circuitry is required to bias the output into its linear region for analog transmission, although linearity is not a specified parameter for this device.

11. Practical Design Examples

Scene:Isolate the 3.3V microcontroller GPIO pin from the 24V industrial sensor signal.

1. Device Selection:Select CNY17F-3 for good gain (100-200% CTR) and high noise immunity.
2. Input Side (Microcontroller):The GPIO pin drives the LED through a current-limiting resistor. Assuming V_{GPIO_HIGH}≈ 3.3V, target I_F= 5mA: R_IN= (3.3V - 1.2V) / 0.005A = 420Ω. Use 430Ω.
3. Output side (sensor interface):Connect the phototransistor collector to the 24V power supply via a pull-up resistor (R_L). The emitter is grounded. Select R_Lto ensure the output saturates when on and provides a valid logic high level when off. Assuming typical I_C≈ CTR * I_F= 150% * 5mA = 7.5mA, and the desired output logic high level when off is about 20V: R_L≤ (24V - 20V) / (I_CEO). Since I_CEOThe maximum value is approximately 50nA, making almost any resistance value suitable for leakage current. For switching speed, a 10kΩ resistor is a common starting point. The output (collector node) now provides an isolated, inverted copy of the input signal.

12. Working Principle

An optocoupler works by converting an electrical signal into light, transmitting it across an electrically insulating barrier, and then converting the light back into an electrical signal. In the CNY17-X/F-X series, current (I_F) flows through the infrared LED, causing it to emit photons. These photons pass through the transparent insulating molding compound and strike the base region of the silicon phototransistor. The photon energy generates electron-hole pairs in the base region, creating a base current that turns on the transistor, allowing collector current (I_C) to flow. The ratio I_C/I_F即为CTR。输入和输出之间没有电气连接，提供了由模塑化合物的介电强度和内部引脚间距（爬电距离>7.6mm）决定的电气隔离。

13. Technology Trends

Optocoupler technology continues to evolve. While traditional phototransistor-based couplers like the CNY17 series remain popular for their cost-effectiveness and general-purpose isolation, trends are moving towards:
Higher Speeds:Haɓaka ƙwararrun masu haɗa haske da na'urori masu ƙara haɗin gwiwa (misali masu keɓance na dijital) don saurin canja wurin bayanai na Mbps da yawa.
Haɗin kai mafi girma:Haɗa tashoshi masu keɓance da yawa a cikin fakit ɗaya, ko haɗa keɓancewa da wasu ayyuka (kamar tuƙi na ƙofar ko hanyar haɗin ADC).
Ƙarfin aminci da tsawon rai mafi girma:Mai da hankali kan kayan aiki da ƙira, don rage raguwar CTR akan lokaci da zafin jiki.
Ƙananan girma:Ƙaura zuwa ƙananan fakiti masu haɗawa da saman (SOIC, SSOP), tare da kiyayewa ko haɓaka matakin keɓancewa. Zaɓuɓɓukan S da S1 na jerin CNY17 suna nuna wannan yanayin zuwa haɗaɗɗun saman.