Bayanin Fasaha na SiC Schottky Diode TO-252-3L - Kunshin 6.6x9.84x2.3mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 650V - Halin Yanzu 6A - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken ƙayyadaddun bayanai don babban aikin Silicon Carbide (SiC) Schottky Barrier Diode. Na'urar an ƙera ta a cikin kunshin TO-252-3L (wanda aka fi sani da DPAK) mai hawa a saman, yana ba da ingantaccen mafita don da'irori na canza wutar lantarki mai girma da inganci. Ba kamar na'urorin diode na silicon PN-junction na al'ada ba, wannan SiC Schottky diode yana amfani da haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe da semiconductor, wanda ke kawar da cajin dawowa baya, babban tushen asarar sauyawa da katsalandan na lantarki (EMI) a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki.

Babban fa'idar wannan ɓangaren yana cikin kaddarorin kayan sa. Silicon Carbide yana ba da faɗin bandgap mafi girma, mafi girman yanayin zafi, da mafi girman ƙarfin filin lantarki idan aka kwatanta da silicon. Waɗannan fa'idodin kayan suna fassara kai tsaye zuwa aikin diode: yana iya aiki a mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki, mafi girman yanayin zafi, kuma tare da ƙarancin asarar sauyawa sosai. Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya don wannan na'urar sune aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani inda inganci, girman wutar lantarki, da aminci suka fi muhimmanci.

1.1 Muhimman Siffofi da Fa'idodi

Na'urar ta haɗa da sassa da yawa na ci-gaba waɗanda ke ba da fa'idodi daban-daban a cikin ƙirar tsarin:

• Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF = 1.5V na al'ada):Wannan yana rage asarar gudanarwa, yana inganta ingancin matakin wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya. Ƙarancin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki kuma yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa zafi.
• Sauyin Sauyi Mai Sauri tare da Sifili Halin Yanzu na Komawa Baya:Ka'idar shinge ta Schottky tana nufin babu adana mai ɗaukar ƙarancin. Saboda haka, diode yana kashewa kusan nan take ba tare da ƙarar halin yanzu na komawa baya ba. Wannan yana rage asarar sauyawa, yana rage damuwa akan maɓallin sarrafawa (misali, MOSFET), da rage samuwar EMI.
• Aiki Mai Girman Mita:Rashin dawowa baya yana ba da damar amfani da diode a cikin da'irori masu aiki a ɗaruruwan kHz ko ma MHz, yana ba da damar amfani da ƙananan sassan maganadisu (inductors, transformers) da capacitors, don haka ƙara girman wutar lantarki.
• Babban Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu na Ƙarfafawa (IFSM = 11.8A):Na'urar na iya jure halin yanzu mai yawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar waɗanda ake fuskanta yayin farawa ko canje-canjen nauyi, yana inganta ƙarfin tsarin.
• Babban Yanayin Zafi na Junction (TJ,max = 175°C):Faɗin bandgap na SiC yana ba da damar aiki mai aminci a manyan yanayin zafi, yana ba da babban gefen aminci a cikin ƙira mai zafi ko ƙunƙuntacce.
• Aiki Layi Daya:Kyakkyawan coefficient na zafi na faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana taimakawa tabbatar da raba halin yanzu tsakanin diodes da yawa da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya, yana hana guduwar zafi.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'auni na lantarki da na zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanai. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Komawa Baya (VRRM): 650V- Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na komawa baya na ɗan lokaci wanda za a iya maimaita shi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na da'ira, gami da duk wani ƙara ko wuce gona da iri, dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da wannan ƙimar.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Komawa Baya na Ƙarfafawa (VRSM): 650V- Wannan ƙimar ce da ba za a maimaita ba don yanayin ƙarfafawa. Yawanci yayi daidai da VRRM don diodes na Schottky.
• Halin Yanzu na Ci gaba (IF): 6A- Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda diode zai iya gudanar da ci gaba. Wannan ƙimar tana iyakance ta hanyar matsakaicin yanayin zafi na junction da aka yarda da shi da juriyar zafi daga junction zuwa harsashi (Rth(JC)). Halin yanzu na ainihin da za a iya amfani da shi a aikace yana dogaro sosai akan ƙirar zafi (sanyaya zafi, yankin tagulla na PCB).
• Halin Yanzu na Ƙarfafawa da ba za a Maimaita ba (IFSM): 11.8A na tsawon 10ms rabin igiyar sine- Wannan ƙimar tana nuna ikon diode na ɗaukar nauyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar halin yanzu na shiga. Faɗin bugun jini na 10ms shine yanayin gwaji na gama-gari wanda ke wakiltar rabin zagaye na AC na 50Hz.
• Yanayin Zafi na Junction (TJ): -55°C zuwa +175°C- Yankin aiki da adanawa na kanta na semiconductor die.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na aiki na al'ada da matsakaicin/ƙarancin garantin ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 1.5V a IF=6A da TJ=25°C, tare da matsakaicin 1.85V. Yana ƙaruwa da zafi, yana kaiwa kusan 1.9V a TJ=175°C. Wannan kyakkyawan coefficient na zafi yana da mahimmanci don aiki layi ɗaya.
• Halin Yanzu na Yaudara na Komawa Baya (IR):Muhimmin ma'auni don inganci, musamman a manyan yanayin zafi. Yawanci 0.8µA ne a VR=520V da TJ=25°C, amma yana iya ƙaruwa zuwa 9µA a TJ=175°C. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da wannan ɓarna a cikin aikace-aikacen babban zafi da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Jimlar Capacitance (C) da Cajin Capacitive (QC):Diode yana nuna capacitance na junction. Takardar bayanai tana nuna yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na komawa baya (daga 173pF a 1V zuwa 15pF a 400V).Jimlar Cajin Capacitive (QC)ma'auni ne mafi amfani don lissafin asarar sauyawa, wanda aka bayar a matsayin 10nC na al'ada a VR=400V. Dole ne a watsar da wannan cajin a kowane zagayowar sauyawa, yana ba da gudummawar ƙaramin asarar sauyawa na capacitive.

3. Halayen Zafi

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ƙimar halin yanzu na na'urar da amincin dogon lokaci.

• Juriyar Zafi, Junction-zuwa-Harsashi (Rth(JC)): 4.2°C/W na al'ada.Wannan shine juriya ga kwararar zafi daga silicon die zuwa filin ƙarfe da aka fallasa (harsashi) na kunshin. Ƙananan ƙimar yana nufin zafi yana sauƙin canzawa daga cikin die. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige hawan yanayin zafi na junction sama da yanayin zafi na harsashi: ΔTJ = PD * Rth(JC).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (PD): 36W.Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda, wanda aka haɗa shi da Rth(JC) da matsakaicin TJ. A aikace, ƙarfin ɓarnawar da za a iya samu yana iyakance ta ikon tsarin na sanyaya harsashi.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Ginshiƙan aiki na al'ada suna ba da hangen nesa na gani game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

4.1 Halayen VF-IF

Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na gaba a yanayin zafi na junction daban-daban. Muhimman abubuwan lura: Lanƙwasa yana da layi mai layi a cikin yankin aiki, yana tabbatar da halayen Schottky. Faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa da halin yanzu da zafi. Ana amfani da wannan jadawali don ƙididdige asarar gudanarwa (Pcond = VF * IF).

4.2 Halayen VR-IR

Wannan jadawali yana zana halin yanzu na ɓarna na komawa baya akan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na komawa baya, yawanci a yanayin zafi da yawa. Yana nuna haɓakar haɓakar halin yanzu na ɓarna tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da zafi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tantance asarar jiran aiki da kwanciyar hankali na zafi a cikin jihohin toshe babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

4.3 Matsakaicin Halayen IF-TC

Wannan lanƙwasa rage ƙima yana nuna yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi na harsashi (TC) ya ƙaru. An samo shi daga dabarar: IF(max) = sqrt((TJ,max - TC) / (Rth(JC) * VF)). Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan jadawali don zaɓar sanyaya zafi ko shimfidar PCB da ya dace don kiyaye yanayin zafi na harsashi mai ƙasa da isa ga halin yanzu da ake buƙata.

4.4 Juriyar Zafi na ɗan Lokaci

Wannan jadawali yana nuna juriyar zafi (Zth) a matsayin aikin faɗin bugun jini. Don gajerun bugun jini na halin yanzu, ingantacciyar juriyar zafi tana ƙasa da Rth(JC) na tsayayye saboda zafi ba shi da lokacin yaduwa cikin dukan tsarin. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don kimanta martanin zafi na diode ga halin yanzu na sauyawa mai maimaitawa ko abubuwan ƙarfafawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Tsarin Kunshi da Girma

An sanya na'urar a cikin kunshin TO-252-3L (DPAK) mai hawa a saman. Muhimman girma daga takardar bayanai sun haɗa da:

• Girman Kunshi Gabaɗaya (D x E): 6.10mm x 6.60mm (na al'ada).
• Tsayin Kunshi (A): 2.30mm (na al'ada).
• Tazarar Jagora (e): 2.28mm (asali).
• Tsawon Jagora (L): 1.52mm (na al'ada).
• Girman Filin da aka Fallasa (D1 x E1): 5.23mm x 4.83mm (na al'ada).

An ƙayyade duk ƙimar, kuma dole ne masu ƙira su koma zuwa cikakken zane don ƙirar sawun PCB.

5.2 Saitin Fil da Polarity

Kunshin yana da haɗin waje guda uku: jagora biyu da filin zafi da aka fallasa.

• Fil 1: Cathode.
• Fil 2: Anode.
• Harsashi (Filin da aka Fallasa): Cathode.Filin da aka fallasa an haɗa shi da lantarki zuwa cathode. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga haɗin da'irar lantarki da sarrafa zafi. Dole ne a siyar da filin zuwa yanki mai isasshen tagulla mai haɗin cathode akan PCB don yin aiki azaman sanyaya zafi da ba da ƙarfin injiniya.

  5.3 Shimfidar Filin PCB da aka Shawarta

  Takardar bayanai tana ba da shawarar sawun sawun don hawa a saman. An inganta wannan shimfidar don amincin haɗin gwiwar solder da aikin zafi. Yawanci ya haɗa da babban fili, wanda ke tsakiya don cathode da aka fallasa, tare da haɗin kai na thermal idan an buƙata don yin solder, da filaye masu girman da ya dace don anode da jagororin cathode. Bin wannan shimfidar da aka ba da shawara yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen yawan samarwa da amincin aiki.

  6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

  Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman bayanan sake kwarara a cikin wannan takardar bayanai ba, daidaitattun jagororin taron SMT maras gubar (Pb-free) suna aiki.

  • Solder na Sake Kwarara:Yi amfani da daidaitaccen bayanin sake kwarara maras gubar (misali, IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na jikin kunshi bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba. Babban girman zafi na filin da aka fallasa na iya buƙatar daidaita bayanin da kyau don tabbatar da ingantaccen sake kwararar solder a ƙarƙashin filin ba tare da yin zafi da sauran sassa ba.
  • Sarrafawa:Ku kiyaye ƙa'idodin ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na al'ada, saboda na'urorin SiC na iya zama masu hankali ga ESD.
  • Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, maras aiki kamar yadda ƙa'idodin matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) na al'ada suka tanada don kunshin SMT. Na'urar tana da ƙima MSL 3 ko makamancin haka, ma'ana dole ne a gasa ta kafin amfani idan an fallasa ta ga iskar yanayi fiye da rayuwarta ta bene.

  7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

  7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

  Wannan SiC Schottky diode ya dace da kyau ga waɗannan aikace-aikace masu zuwa:

  • Diode na Haɓaka Haɓaka Factor Factor (PFC):A cikin matakan PFC na yanayin gudanarwa na ci gaba (CCM), dole ne diode ya canza a mitar layi (50/60Hz) da babban mita (mitar sauyawa, misali, 100kHz). Halayen sifili dawowa baya yana kawar da asarar kashewa da EMI masu alaƙa, yana mai da shi mafi girma fiye da diodes na silicon ultrafast.
  • Mai Gyara Fitar DC-DC Converter:A cikin masu haɓakawa, masu raguwa, ko masu juyawa, musamman waɗanda ke aiki a manyan mitoci don rage girman maganadisu.
  • Diodes na Freewheeling/Toshe na Inverter na Rana:Ana amfani da su don sarrafa kwararar halin yanzu daga allunan hasken rana ko a cikin matakan wutar lantarki na inverter.
  • Da'irorin Tuƙi na Motoci:A cikin matakan inverter don sarrafa motocin DC ko AC maras goga.
  • Masu Canza AC/DC da DC/AC Masu Inganci:Don sabobin, wayar tarho, da wutar lantarki na masana'antu.

  7.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

  • Ƙirar Zafi:Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin al'amari. Dole ne a ƙera PCB tare da isasshen yanki na tagulla (a saman da ƙasan yadudduka, an haɗa su da vias) a ƙarƙashin filin da aka fallasa don yin aiki azaman sanyaya zafi. Yi amfani da Rth(JC), lanƙwasan rage ƙima, da kiyasin asarar wutar lantarki don ƙididdige aikin zafi da ake buƙata.
  • Zaɓin Ƙimar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki:Zaɓi ƙimar VRRM tare da isasshen gefen aminci. Don bas ɗin DC na 400V, diode 650V ya dace, yana ba da gefen aminci don ƙarar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙara.
  • Aiki Layi Daya:Sakamakon kyakkyawan coefficient na zafi na VF, ana iya haɗa waɗannan diodes layi ɗaya don ƙara ikon halin yanzu. Duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar yin shimfidar da kyau don tabbatar da raba halin yanzu mai daidaitawa ta hanyar daidaitaccen inductance da juriya.
  • Da'irorin Snubber:Duk da yake diode da kansa ba shi da dawowa baya, parasitics na da'ira (stray inductance) na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri na ƙarfin wutar lantarki yayin kashewa. RC snubber a kan diode na iya zama dole don rage waɗannan oscillations da kare diode da babban maɓalli.

  8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

  Babban bambance-bambancen wannan SiC Schottky diode shine akan madadin gama gari guda biyu:

  • vs. Silicon PN Fast/Ultrafast Recovery Diodes:SiC diode yana da sifili cajin dawowa baya (Qrr), yayin da diodes na silicon suna da mahimmanci Qrr (goma zuwa ɗaruruwan nC). Wannan yana kawar da asarar sauyawa na dawowa baya da hayaniyar da ke tattare da shi, yana ba da damar aiki mafi girma da mafi girman inganci.
  • vs. Silicon Schottky Diodes:Silicon Schottky diodes suma suna da ƙananan Qrr amma an iyakance su zuwa ƙananan ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki (yawanci ƙasa da 200V). Wannan na'urar SiC tana faɗaɗa fa'idodin ka'idar Schottky zuwa ajin 650V, kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda diodes na silicon PN masu asara suka mamaye.

  9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

  Q: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba shine 1.5V, wanda ya fi na al'ada silicon Schottky. Shin wannan ba fa'ida ba ce?
  
  A: Don da'irori masu ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (<100V), i, asarar gudanarwa zai kasance mafi girma. Duk da haka, a 650V, ceton asarar sauyawa daga sifili dawowa baya ya fi ɗan ƙaramin asarar gudanarwa. Ingantaccen tsarin tsarin yana da girma tare da diode na SiC.

  Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan diode don da'irar PFC shigar da 400V?
  
  A: I, ƙimar 650V tana ba da kyakkyawan gefen aminci sama da bas ɗin DC na al'ada na 400V, yana lissafin bambance-bambancen layi da ɗan lokaci.

  Q: Halin yanzu na ɓarna a 175°C shine 9µA. Shin wannan abin damuwa ne?
  
  A: Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen canza wutar lantarki, wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ɓarna (Pleak = V*I = 520V * 9µA ≈ 4.7mW) ba shi da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da jimlar wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, a cikin da'irori masu girman juriya ko daidaito, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi.

  Q: Me yasa filin da aka fallasa aka haɗa shi da cathode? Ta yaya zan sanyaya shi?
  
  A> Cathode yawanci shine kowane kumburi ko ƙasa a yawancin da'irori (misali, diode na haɓaka PFC). Haɗa filin zuwa cathode yana ba shi damar haɗawa zuwa babban filin ƙasa akan PCB don ingantaccen tarwatsa zafi ba tare da gabatar da rikitaccen keɓancewar lantarki ba. Kuna sanyaya shi ta hanyar siyar da shi zuwa yanki mai isasshen tagulla mai haɗin cathode akan PCB.

  10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira na Aiki

  Yanayi:Ƙirar matakin haɓaka PFC na CCM mai aiki a 100kHz mai fitar da 500W, 400V.
  
  Dalilin Zaɓi:Diode na silicon ultrafast mai kwatankwacin ƙima zai iya samun Qrr na 50nC. Asarar dawowa baya a kowane zagaye zai kasance Loss_rr = 0.5 * V * Qrr * fsw = 0.5 * 400V * 50nC * 100kHz = 1.0W. Wannan asara yana haifar da zafi da EMI. SiC Schottky diode yana da Qrr ~ 0nC, yana kawar da wannan asara na 1W gaba ɗaya. Ko da tare da ɗan ƙaramin VF, ribar ingancin tsarin na iya zama 0.5% ko fiye, wanda ke da mahimmanci a wannan matakin wutar lantarki. Ƙirar zafi kuma an sauƙaƙa ta saboda ƙarancin jimlar ɓarnawar.

  11. Ka'idar Aiki

  An kafa diode na Schottky ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe da semiconductor, ba kamar diode na haɗin PN wanda ke amfani da semiconductor-semiconductor ba. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau ga ƙarfe (anode) dangane da semiconductor (cathode), electrons suna gudana daga semiconductor zuwa cikin ƙarfe, suna ba da damar halin yanzu (bias na gaba). A ƙarƙashin bias na komawa baya, yuwuwar ginin shingen ƙarfe-semiconductor yana toshe kwararar halin yanzu. Babban bambance-bambance shine cewa halin yanzu yana ɗauke da manyan masu ɗauka kawai (electrons a cikin substrate na SiC na N-type). Babu ƙananan masu ɗauka (ramuka) da aka yi allura kuma aka adana a cikin yankin drift. Saboda haka, lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya koma baya, babu cajin da aka adana wanda ke buƙatar cirewa kafin diode zai iya toshe ƙarfin wutar lantarki—saboda haka,sifili dawowa baya.

  12. Trends na Fasaha

  Na'urorin wutar lantarki na Silicon Carbide suna wakiltar babban yanayi a cikin lantarki na lantarki, wanda buƙatun mafi girman inganci, mafi girman girman wutar lantarki, da aiki mafi girma na zafi suka motsa. Kasuwar diodes na SiC da transistors (MOSFETs) tana girma da sauri, musamman a cikin masu cajin motoci na lantarki, masu juyawa na jan hankali, tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa, da wadatar wutar lantarki na cibiyar bayanai. Yayin da yawan samarwa ya ƙaru da farashin ya ragu, SiC yana motsawa daga fasaha mai daraja zuwa cikin aikace-aikace na al'ada. Ci gaba na gaba na iya mayar da hankali kan ƙara rage takamaiman juriya (don MOSFETs), inganta amincin oxide na ƙofar, da haɗa na'urorin SiC tare da direbobi da kariya a cikin ingantattun sassa.

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  Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

  Kalma	Naúrar/Wakilci	Bayanin Sauri	Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
  Ingancin Hasken Wuta	lm/W (lumen kowace watt)	Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari.	Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
  Gudun Hasken Wuta	lm (lumen)	Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske".	Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
  Kusurwar Dubawa	° (digiri), misali 120°	Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske.	Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
  Zafin Launi (CCT)	K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K	Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi.	Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
  CI / Ra	Ba naúrar, 0–100	Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau.	Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
  SDCM	Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki"	Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
  Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken	nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja)	Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi.	Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
  Rarraba Bakan Hasken	Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi	Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske.	Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

  Ma'auni na Lantarki

  Kalma	Alamar	Bayanin Sauri	Abubuwan ƙira
  Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	Vf	Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa".	Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
  Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	If	Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun.	Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
  Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini	Ifp	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya.	Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
  Ƙarfin lantarki na baya	Vr	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa.	Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
  Juriya na zafi	Rth (°C/W)	Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau.	Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
  Rigakafin ESD	V (HBM), misali 1000V	Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni.	Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

  Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

  Kalma	Ma'aunin maɓalli	Bayanin Sauri	Tasiri
  Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa	Tj (°C)	Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED.	Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
  Ragewar Lumen	L70 / L80 (sa'o'i)	Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko.	Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
  Kula da Lumen	% (misali 70%)	Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci.	Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
  Canjin Launi	Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam	Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani.	Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
  Tsufa na Zafi	Lalacewar kayan aiki	Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci.	Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

  Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

  Kalma	Nau'ikan gama gari	Bayanin Sauri	Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
  Nau'in Kunshin	EMC, PPA, Yumbu	Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi.	EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
  Tsarin Guntu	Gaba, Guntu Juyawa	Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu.	Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
  Rufin Phosphor	YAG, Silicate, Nitride	Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari.	Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
  Ruwan tabarau/Optics	Lefi, Microlens, TIR	Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske.	Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

  Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

  Kalma	Abun rarraba	Bayanin Sauri	Manufa
  Kwalin Gudun Hasken	Lambar misali 2G, 2H	An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
  Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki	Lambar misali 6W, 6X	An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.	Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
  Kwalin Launi	Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki	An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon.	Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
  Kwalin CCT	2700K, 3000K da sauransu	An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa.	Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

  Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

  Kalma	Matsakaicin/Gwaji	Bayanin Sauri	Muhimmanci
  LM-80	Gwajin kula da lumen	Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske.	Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
  TM-21	Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa	Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80.	Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
  IESNA	Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa	Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi.	Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
  RoHS / REACH	Tabbatarwar muhalli	Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury).	Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
  ENERGY STAR / DLC	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa.	Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.