EL3H4-G Jerin Takardar Bayanin Mai Haɗa Hasken AC - Kunshin SSOP Mai Filaye 4 - Shigarwar AC - Keɓewa 3750Vrms - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin EL3H4-G wani rukuni ne na masu haɗa hasken AC waɗanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar keɓewar lantarki da watsa sigina daga tushen AC ko DC mara sanannen ƙarfi. Ana ajiye na'urar a cikin ƙaramin kunshin da ake hawa a saman allo (SSOP) mai filaye 4, wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙirar PCB masu ƙarancin sarari.

Babban ɓangaren ya ƙunshi diodes guda biyu masu fitar da hasken infrared (LEDs) waɗanda aka haɗa a jere a saba da juna. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar shigarwa don karɓar siginonin alternating current (AC), saboda ɗaya diode yana gudana a kowane rabin zagaye na siginar shigarwa. Hasken infrared da aka fitar ana haɗa shi da haske zuwa phototransistor na silicon, wanda ke ba da siginar fitarwa mai keɓewa. Ana rufe dukan taron da wani koren abu mara sinadarin halogen.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Ƙarfin Shigarwar AC:Tsarin LED na saba da juna yana ba da damar haɗa kai tsaye da tushen siginonin AC ba tare da buƙatar da'irar gyara na waje ba.
• Babban Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Keɓewa:Yana ba da keɓewa mai ƙimar aminci na 3750 V_rmstsakanin bangaren shigarwa da na fitarwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don kare da'irori masu hankali daga sauye-sauyen babban ƙarfin lantarki.
• Siffar Siffa Mai Ƙarfi:Kunshin SSOP yana ba da ƙaramin matakin ƙafa, wanda ya dace da ƙungiyoyin lantarki na zamani masu yawa.
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Na'urar ba ta da sinadarin halogen kuma tana bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa kamar RoHS da REACH.
• Amincewar Aminci:Samfurin yana ɗauke da amincewa daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya ciki har da UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO, da CQC.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da aka Yi niyya

An ƙera wannan mai haɗa hasken don amfani a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban na masana'antu da sadarwa inda ake buƙatar keɓewa mai aminci da gano siginonin AC.

• Saka idanu kan Layin AC:Gano kasancewar ko rashin kasancewar ƙarfin lantarki na AC a cikin wadatar wutar lantarki, kayan aiki, da kayan masana'antu.
• Masu Sarrafa Logic da aka Shirya (PLCs):Samar da tashoshi na shigarwar dijital mai keɓewa don gano siginonin AC daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da masu canzawa.
• Mahaɗin Layin Waya:Keɓe da'irori na gano ƙararrawa ko kashe waya a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa.
• Gano DC mara Sanannen Ƙarfi:Haɗawa da siginonin DC inda ƙarfin ba a ƙayyade ko sanin shi a gaba ba.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a yi niyya don yanayin aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Ƙarfin Gaba na Shigarwa (I_F):±50 mA (ci gaba). Alamar ± tana nuna ƙarfin AC/ bi-directional.
• Ƙarfin Gaba na Kololuwa (I_FM):1 A na ɗan gajeren lokaci na 10 µs. Wannan ƙimar tana da mahimmanci don jure ɗan gajeren ƙarfin guguwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (V_CEO):80 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin phototransistor na fitarwa.
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Ragewa (P_TOT):200 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar ƙarfin da na'urar za ta iya tarwatsa daga bangarorin shigarwa da fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Keɓewa (V_ISO):3750 V_rmsna minti 1. Wannan babban ƙimar jure ƙarfin lantarki shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na aminci.
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_OPR):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin yanayi mai wuya.
• Zafin Solder (T_SOL):260°C na dakika 10, wanda ya dace da yanayin solder na reflow mara gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin lantarki da na haske na na'urar a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (yawanci a T_a= 25°C).

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.2V, tare da matsakaicin 1.4V a ƙarfin gaba na ±20 mA. Wannan ƙaramin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki yana da amfani ga da'irori masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Shigarwa (C_in):Yawanci 50 pF, matsakaicin 250 pF. Wannan ma'auni yana shafar amsawar babban mitar na bangaren shigarwa.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa

• Ƙarfin Duhu na Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (I_CEO):Matsakaicin 100 nA a V_CE=20V tare da I_F=0. Wannan shine ƙarfin ɓarna na phototransistor lokacin da babu haske.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Rushewar Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (BV_CEO):Mafi ƙarancin 80V. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa fitarwa na iya sarrafa matakan logic na yau da kullun ko matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Cikar Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (V_CE(sat)):Yawanci 0.1V, matsakaicin 0.2V a I_F=±20mA da I_C=1mA. Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na cikewa yana da kyau ga matakan fitarwa waɗanda ke tuka shigarwar logic.

2.2.3 Halayen Canja wuri

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana inganci da ingancin canja wurin sigina daga shigarwa zuwa fitarwa.

• Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Ƙarfi (CTR):Wannan shine rabon ƙarfin tattarawa na fitarwa (I_C) zuwa ƙarfin gaba na shigarwa (I_F), wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi. Shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don riba. Ana ba da jerin EL3H4-G a cikin matakan CTR daban-daban:
  • EL3H4:CTR mafi ƙanƙanta 20% zuwa matsakaicin 300% a I_F= ±1 mA, V_CE= 5V.
  • EL3H4A:CTR mafi ƙanƙanta 50% zuwa matsakaicin 150%.
  • EL3H4B:CTR mafi ƙanƙanta 100% zuwa matsakaicin 300%.
  Zaɓin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ribar da ta dace don aikace-aikacensu, daidaita hankali da yuwuwar cikewa.
• Daidaiton CTR:Matsakaicin CTR da aka auna tare da I mai kyau_Fzuwa CTR da aka auna tare da I mara kyau_F. An ƙayyade tsakanin 0.5 da 2.0. Ƙimar da ke kusa da 1.0 tana nuna kyakkyawan daidaito a cikin amsawar AC na LEDs na shigarwa guda biyu.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Keɓewa (R_IO):Mafi ƙanƙanta 5×10¹⁰Ω, na yau da kullun 10¹¹Ω a 500V DC. Wannan babban juriya yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin keɓewa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Iyo (C_IO):Yawanci 0.6 pF, matsakaicin 1.0 pF. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki yana rage haɗin ƙarfin lantarki a kan shingen keɓewa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙin ƙarar sautin mitar gama gari.
• Lokutan Sauya:Duk lokacin tashi (t_r) da lokacin faɗuwa (t_f) suna da matsakaicin ƙimar 18 µs a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (V_CE=2V, I_C=2mA, R_L=100Ω). Waɗannan lokutan suna bayyana saurin na'urar da dacewa ga siginonin mitar daban-daban.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Grading

Jerin EL3H4-G yana amfani da tsarin grading da ya dogara da farko akan Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Ƙarfi (CTR).

• Matsakaicin Matsayi (Babu kari):Yana ba da mafi faɗin kewayon CTR (20-300%), wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen gama gari inda riba ta musamman ba ta da mahimmanci.
• Matsayi A (Kari 'A'):Yana ba da CTR mai ƙarfi, tsaka-tsaki (50-150%), yana ba da ƙarin aikin da ake iya hasasawa.
• Matsayi B (Kari 'B'):Yana ba da ƙayyadaddun kewayon CTR mai girma (100-300%), wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar hankali da riba mai girma, kamar gano raunannun siginoni.

Wannan binning yana ba masana'antun damar inganta ƙirar su don daidaito ko zaɓar sassa don takamaiman buƙatun hankali.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa halayen lantarki-haske na yau da kullun. Duk da yake ba a bayyana takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, yawanci sun haɗa da waɗannan, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙira:

• CTR vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):Yana nuna yadda rabon canja wuri ke canzawa tare da matakin ƙarfin shigarwa. CTR sau da yawa yana raguwa a I mai girma sosai_Fsaboda raguwar ingancin LED.
• CTR vs. Zazzabi:Yana kwatanta dogaron zafin jiki na hankalin na'urar. CTR gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F) vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):Lanƙwasa halayen IV na diode.
• Ƙarfin Tattarawa na Fitarwa (I_C) vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (V_CE):Halayen fitarwa na phototransistor don matakan haske daban-daban na shigarwa (I_F).
• Lokacin Sauya vs. Juriyar Lodi (R_L):Yana nuna yadda lokutan tashi da faɗuwa ke shafar zaɓaɓɓen resistor na lodi akan fitarwa.

Ya kamata masu ƙira su tuntubi waɗannan lanƙwasa don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na daidaito ba kuma don inganta ma'auni kamar ƙarfin shigarwa da juriya na lodi don saurin da ake so da karkatarwa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Tsarin Fil

Kunshin SSOP mai filaye 4 yana da fil ɗin mai zuwa:

1. Fil 1:Anode na ɗaya LED / Cathode na ɗayan (saboda haɗin saba da juna).
2. Fil 2:Cathode na farkon LED / Anode na na biyu.
3. Fil 3:Mai fitarwa na phototransistor.
4. Fil 4:Mai tattarawa na phototransistor.

Wannan tsari yana nufin ana amfani da shigarwar AC tsakanin Fil 1 da 2, kuma ana ɗaukar fitarwa daga Fil 3 da 4 (yawanci tare da Fil 3 a matsayin gama gari/ƙasa).

5. Girman Kunshi da Tsarin PCB

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya don kunshin SSOP. Manyan girma sun haɗa da girman jiki, matakin jagora, da tsayin tsayawa. An kuma ba da shirin pad ɗin da aka ba da shawarar don hawa saman, tare da bayanin cewa don tunani ne kuma ya kamata a gyara shi bisa takamaiman hanyoyin samar da PCB da buƙatun zafi. Ƙirar pad ɗin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don solder mai aminci da ƙarfin injiniya.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Solder Reflow

Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin solder reflow mara gubar. Shawarar matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki ya dogara ne akan IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D:

• Preheat:150°C zuwa 200°C sama da 60-120 seconds.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (T_L=217°C):60-100 seconds.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi (T_P):260°C matsakaicin.
• Lokaci a cikin 5°C na Kololuwa:30 seconds matsakaicin.
• Matsakaicin Zangon Reflow: 3.

Bin wannan bayanin yana hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da haɗin waya na ciki.

6.2 Tsararraki

• Kauce wa fallasa na'urar zuwa yanayin zafi da ya wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yayin sarrafawa da solder.
• Tabbatar cewa shingen keɓewa bai lalace ba ta hanyar gurɓataccen abu (misali, juzu'i, tarkace) tsakanin bangarorin shigarwa da fitarwa na kunshin.
• Bi ka'idodin ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa, saboda LEDs na ciki da transistors suna da hankali ga lantarki.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Dokar Lambar Model

Lambar ɓangaren tana bin tsari:EL3H4(Y)(Z)-VG

• EL3H4:Lambar asali na ɓangare.
• Y:Matsayi na CTR (A, B, ko fanko don daidaitawa).
• Z:Zaɓin tef da reel (TA, TB, EA, EB, ko fanko don bututu). Reels na TA/TB sun ƙunshi raka'a 5000; reels na EA/EB sun ƙunshi raka'a 1000. Bambanci tsakanin zaɓuɓɓukan A da B yawanci yana da alaƙa da faɗin tef ko alkiblar ciyarwa.
• V:Kari na zaɓi wanda ke nuna ɓangaren yana ɗauke da amincewar VDE.
• G:Yana nuna kayan Halogen-Free.

Misali: EL3H4A-TA-VG ɓangare ne na matakin 'A', wanda aka kawo akan reel na TA na raka'a 5000, tare da amincewar VDE, kuma ba shi da sinadarin halogen.

7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

Ana iya samar da na'urar a cikin bututu (raka'a 150) ko akan tef da reel. An ba da cikakkun girma na tef (girman aljihu, tsalle, faɗin tef) don dacewa da kayan aikin zaɓe da wuri mai sarrafa kansa.

7.3 Alamar Na'ura

An yiwa saman kunshin alama da lambar:EL 3H4 RYWWV

• EL:Lambar masana'anta.
• 3H4:Lambar na'urar.
• R:Matsayi na CTR (A, B, ko fanko).
• Y:Lambar shekara mai lamba 1.
• WW:Lambar mako mai lamba 2.
• V:Alamar amincewar VDE (idan akwai).

8. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Shigarwa

Don aikin AC, dole ne a sanya resistor mai iyakancewa a jere tare da filayen shigarwa (1 da 2). Ya kamata a ƙididdige ƙimarsa bisa ga matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwa da ƙarfin gaba da ake so (I_F), tabbatar da cewa I_Fbai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ci gaba na 50 mA ba. Misali, don tuka shigarwa daga layin AC na 120V_rms, dole ne resistor ya iyakance matsakaicin ƙarfin (≈170V / R). Yi la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki da ƙarfin jure ƙarfin lantarki na wannan resistor.

8.2 Ƙirar Da'irar Fitarwa

Ana iya amfani da phototransistor na fitarwa a cikin tsarin mai fitarwa na gama gari (resistor na lodi tsakanin V_CCda Mai Tattarawa, Mai Fitarwa zuwa ƙasa) ko azaman mai canzawa. Ƙimar resistor na lodi (R_L) yana shafar:

Jujjuyawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Fitarwa:Mafi girma R_Lyana ba da babban raguwar ƙarfin lantarki don wani I_C.

Saurin Sauya:Mafi girma R_Lyana ƙara ƙimar lokacin RC, yana rage saurin tashi da faɗuwa (kamar yadda aka nuna ta t_r/t_fƙayyadaddun tare da R_L=100Ω).

Sau da yawa ana buƙatar resistor na ja sama idan ana tuka shigarwar logic. Tabbatar cewa ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa a cikin yanayin 'kunna' (V_CE(sat)) yana da ƙasa sosai don a gane shi azaman logic '0'.

8.3 Tabbatar da Keɓewa Mai Aminci

Don kiyaye ƙayyadaddun keɓewa na 3750V_rms, tsarin PCB yana da mahimmanci. Kiyaye isasshen nisa na creepage da ƙetare akan allo tsakanin alamun tagulla da pad ɗin da ke da alaƙa da bangaren shigarwa (Fil 1,2) da bangaren fitarwa (Fil 3,4). Wannan sau da yawa yana nufin samar da ramin jiki ko faɗin rabuwa a cikin PCB ƙarƙashin jikin na'urar. Kauce wa gudanar da alamun shigarwa da fitarwa a layi daya kusa da juna.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Manyan fasalulluka masu banbanta na jerin EL3H4-G idan aka kwatanta da masu haɗa hasken DC na yau da kullun sune:

• Shigarwar AC na Ciki:Yana kawar da buƙatar masu gyara gada na waje ko masu haɗa haske biyu don sarrafa siginonin AC, yana adana sararin allo da ƙidaya na ɓangare.
• Daidaiton CTR:Ƙayyadadden ma'auni wanda ke tabbatar da daidaiton amsa akan duka rabin zagayen AC, wanda ba damuwa ga na'urorin shigarwar DC ba.
• Ginin Halogen-Free:Yana cika ƙa'idodin muhalli masu tsauri waɗanda ƙila duk tsofaffin samfuran mai haɗa haske ba za su magance su ba.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu haɗa hasken shigarwar AC, fa'idodinsa suna cikin haɗuwa da babban ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa, ƙaramin kunshin SSOP, da samun matakan CTR da yawa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q1: Zan iya amfani da wannan don gano layin wutar lantarki na 230V AC kai tsaye?

A: I, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor na iyakancewa na waje da ya dace a jere tare da shigarwa don kiyaye ƙarfin gaba a cikin iyakar 50mA. Dole ne kuma a ƙididdige resistor don babban ƙarfin lantarki da tarwatsewar wutar lantarki.

Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin matakan daidaitawa, A, da B?

A: Bambancin shine tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Ƙarfi (CTR). Matsayi na B yana da mafi girman mahimmanci na mahimmanci (100%), yana sa ya dace don gano raunannun siginoni. Matsayi na A yana ba da kewayon mai matsakaici, wanda ake iya hasasawa. Matsayin daidaitawa yana da mafi faɗin kewayon, yana ba da amfani mai tsada na gama gari.

Q3: Yaya saurin wannan na'urar? Za a iya amfani da ita don sadarwa?

A: Tare da lokutan tashi/faɗuwa na yau da kullun har zuwa 18 µs, bandwidth yana iyakance ga kusan dubunnan kHz. Ya dace don gano mitar wutar lantarki na AC (50/60 Hz), siginonin dijital masu sauri, ko gano yanayi a cikin PLCs, amma ba a ƙera shi don babban saurin sadarwar bayanai kamar masu keɓewa na dijital ba.

Q4: Me yasa juriyar keɓewa yake da yawa (10^11 Ω)?

A: Wannan babban juriya yana rage ƙarfin ɓarna a kan shingen keɓewa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aminci, hana ƙarfin lantarki mai haɗari daga gudana tsakanin da'irori masu keɓewa, da kuma ga ingancin sigina a aikace-aikacen ma'auni na daidaito.

11. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi: Na'urar Gano Kasancewar Layin AC na 120V mai Keɓewa.

Manufa:Samar da siginar logic-ƙasa na 3.3V zuwa microcontroller lokacin da 120V AC ya kasance.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Ƙididdigar Resistor na Shigarwa:Don 120V_rms, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki shine ~170V. Don iyakance I_Fzuwa aminci 10mA (da ƙasa da 50mA), R_iyaka= 170V / 0.01A = 17kΩ. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen 18kΩ, 1/2W ko mafi girma resistor mai ƙima.

2. Da'irar Fitarwa:Haɗa Mai Tattarawa na phototransistor (Fil 4) zuwa wadatar 3.3V na microcontroller ta hanyar resistor na ja sama (misali, 10kΩ). Haɗa Mai Fitarwa (Fil 3) zuwa ƙasa. Kullin Mai Tattarawa yana haɗawa da filin shigarwar dijital akan microcontroller.

3. Aiki:Lokacin da AC ya kasance, fitarwa na mai haɗa haske yana kunna yayin kowane rabin zagaye, yana ja ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Tattarawa kusa da V_CE(sat)(~0.2V), wanda ake karant

. Operating Principle

The EL3H4-G operates on the principle of optoelectronic coupling. An electrical signal applied to the input side causes the infrared LEDs to emit light proportional to the current. This light traverses a transparent isolation barrier within the package. On the output side, the light strikes the base region of a silicon phototransistor, generating electron-hole pairs. This photocurrent acts as base current, causing the transistor to conduct a much larger collector current, thereby replicating the input signal on the isolated output side. The inverse-parallel LED configuration allows current to flow and light to be emitted during both polarities of an AC input signal.

. Technology Trends

Photocouplers like the EL3H4-G represent a mature and reliable isolation technology. Current trends in the field of signal isolation include:

Integration:Combining multiple isolation channels or integrating additional functions (like drivers or protection) into a single package.

Higher Speed:Development of photocouplers with faster switching times for digital communication applications, though they are generally slower than technologies based on capacitive or magnetic coupling.

Enhanced Safety Standards:Continuous evolution of international safety standards (UL, VDE, IEC) driving requirements for higher working voltages, reinforced isolation, and improved reliability metrics.

Material Science:Development of new encapsulation compounds with better thermal stability, moisture resistance, and optical clarity to improve performance and longevity.