Takardun Bayani na LTP-7357KS LED Dot Matrix Display - Tsawon 0.678-inch (17.22mm) - AlInGaP Yellow - 2.6V Forward Voltage - 70mW Power Dissipation - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LTP-7357KS ƙaramin tsari ne na'urar nuni LED mai tsarin 5x7. Babban aikinsa shine nuna haruffa da alamomi, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar bayyanannen bayanai a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar yana cikin amfani da fasahar semiconductor Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don guntun LED, wanda ke ba da ingantaccen fitar da haske a cikin bakan rawaya. Na'urar nuni tana da fuskar launin toka da launin farar ɗigo, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci don ingantaccen karantawa. Zanen sa yana nufin tsarin da aka haɗa, na'urorin sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da duk wani aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin na'urar nuni haruffa mai aminci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hasken Gani da Na'urar Gani

Ayyukan gani shine tsakiyar aikin na'urar nuni. Na'urar tana fitar da haske a yankin tsawon rawaya. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λp) shine 588 nm, tare da babban tsayin tsayi (λd) na 587 nm, yana nuna launin rawaya mai tsabta. Rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ) shine 15 nm, wanda ke bayyana tsabtar hasken da aka fitar. Babban ma'auni don haske shine matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken gani (Iv), wanda ke tsakanin mafi ƙanƙanta na 630 μcd zuwa mafi girma na 1650 μcd a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na igiyar bugun jini na 32mA da cikakken aiki na 1/16. An ƙayyade ma'aunin daidaiton ƙarfin hasken gani na 2:1 (matsakaici zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta) don LED ɗin da ke cikin kwanta "yankin haske mai kama", yana tabbatar da ingantaccen daidaito a cikin matrix na nuni.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Ma'auni

Fahimtar iyakokin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai aminci. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni yana bayyana iyakokin da bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki a kowane ɗigon LED bai kamata ya wuce 70 mW ba. Matsakaicin igiyar gaba ta kowane ɗigo yana iyakance zuwa 60 mA, yayin da matsakaicin igiyar gaba ta kowane ɗigo aka ƙididdige shi a 25 mA a 25°C, yana raguwa a layi daya da 0.28 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi ke ƙaruwa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi ga kowane sashi shine 5 V. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) don kowane ɗigo, wanda aka auna a igiyar gaba (If) na 20 mA, yawanci yana tsakanin 2.05 V da 2.6 V. An tabbatar da cewa igiyar baya (Ir) ta kasance ƙasa da ko daidai da 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) na 5 V.

2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Yanayin Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙera na'urar don aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin kewayon zafi mai faɗi. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki daga -35°C zuwa +105°C, kuma kewayon zafin ajiya iri ɗaya ne. Wannan faɗin kewayon ya sa ya dace da yanayin kasuwanci da na masana'antu. Lanƙwasa don raguwar matsakaicin igiyar gaba shine muhimmin abin tunani na zane don hana guduwar zafi; yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 25°C, dole ne a rage izinin ci gaba da igiyar ruwa daidai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Takardun bayani ta nuna cewa samfurin "An Rarraba shi don Ƙarfin Hasken Gani." Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarraba (binning) inda ake raba LED ɗin da aka kera bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna (luminous intensity) zuwa rukuni daban-daban ko "kwantena." Ƙayyadaddun kewayon ƙarfin haske daga 630 μcd zuwa 1650 μcd mai yiwuwa ya ƙunshi kwantena da yawa. Masu zane na iya zaɓar sassa daga takamaiman kwanta don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin na'urori masy nuni da yawa a cikin tsarin. Bayanin game da daidaita ma'aunin epoxy don "ƙuntata matakin kwanta" a cikin tarihin bita yana nuna an yi ƙoƙari don inganta daidaito da rage yaduwar ma'auni na gani a cikin rukunin samarwa.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da abin da aka fitar na PDF ya ambaci "Lanƙwasa Halayen Lantarki / Gani na Yau da Kullun" a shafi na ƙarshe, takamaiman jadawali ba a haɗa su a cikin abun cikin rubutu ba. Yawanci, irin waɗannan lanƙwasa don na'urar nuni LED za su haɗa da:

• Igya ta Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin igiyar ruwa da ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar turawa mai iyakance igiyar ruwa.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Igya ta Gaba (Lanƙwasa L-I):Yana kwatanta yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da igiyar ruwa, yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin turawa don haske da inganci da ake so.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna raguwar fitar da haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi a aikace-aikacen da ke da zafi sosai.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin dangi akan tsawon tsayi, yana nuna kololuwa da siffar fitar da rawaya.

Ya kamata masu zane su tuntubi cikakken takardun bayani tare da jadawali don yin ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci don takamaiman yanayin aiki.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Jiki da Tolerances

Na'urar nuni tana da tsayin matrix na 0.678 inches (17.22 mm). Zanen kunshin (wanda aka ambata amma ba a cikakke ba a cikin rubutu) zai nuna tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, tazarar jagora, da jirgin saman wurin zama. Muhimman bayanan girma daga takardun bayani sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin millimeters tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Wani takamaiman bita ya sabunta iyakar faɗi daga 12.6mm ±0.1mm zuwa 12.6mm +0.18/-0.25mm. Iyakar motsin ƙarshen fil ɗin shine ±0.4 mm. Ƙarin bayanan inganci suna iyakance abubuwan waje akan sassan, gurɓataccen tawada, lanƙwasa, da kumfa a cikin epoxy.

5.2 Zanen Pinout da Haɗin kai

Na'urar tana da tsarin fil ɗin 12 don magana X-Y (matrix). Haɗin fil ɗin kamar haka ne: Pin 1: Cathode Column 1, Pin 2: Anode Row 3, Pin 3: Cathode Column 2, Pin 4: Anode Row 5, Pin 5: Anode Row 6, Pin 6: Anode Row 7, Pin 7: Cathode Column 4, Pin 8: Cathode Column 5, Pin 9: Anode Row 4, Pin 10: Cathode Column 3, Pin 11: Anode Row 2, Pin 12: Anode Row 1. Zanen da'irar ciki (wanda aka ambata a shafi na 3) yana wakiltar matrix 5x7 a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ginshiƙan cathode 5 da layukan anode 7 suke haɗa ɗigon LED 35 ɗaya.

5.3 Polarity da Jagora

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin cathode na gama gari a kowane ginshiƙi. Kowane ginshiƙi biyar yana da haɗin cathode na gama gari, kuma kowane layin anode bakwai yana da haɗin anode na gama gari. Don haskaka takamaiman ɗigo, dole ne a tuƙa ginshiƙin cathode ɗin da ya dace ƙasa (ƙasa), kuma dole ne a tuƙa layin anode ɗin da ya dace sama tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai iyakance igiyar ruwa. Ingantaccen jagora yayin hawan PCB yawanci ana nuna shi ta hanyar tsaga, bevel, ko mai nuna fil ɗin 1 akan kunshin.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Takardun bayani tana ba da takamaiman yanayin solder: za a iya sanya jagororin zuwa zafin gwangwani na solder na 260°C na dakika 3, wanda aka auna 1/16 inch (kusan 1.6 mm) ƙasa da jirgin saman wurin zama na kunshin. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga epoxy na ciki, haɗin waya, da guntun semiconductor yayin solder na hannu ko sake aiki. Don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko reflow, ya kamata a yi amfani da daidaitaccen bayanin martaba mara gubar (mai bin RoHS) tare da matsakaicin zafin da bai wuce matsakaicin ma'auni ba. Na'urar da kanta an tabbatar da ita a matsayin kunshin mara gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Lambar sashi ita ce LTP-7357KS. Maɗaukakin "KS" na iya nuna takamaiman rarraba (binning) ko halayen gani. Daidaitaccen kunshin don irin waɗannan sassan yawanci yana cikin bututu masu hana wutar lantarki ko trays don kare jagororin da taga daga lalacewa da fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ya kamata a tabbatar da adadin reel ko bututu tare da mai kera ko mai rarrabawa. Alamun kan kunshin za su haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar kwanan wata don bin sawu.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan na'urar nuni ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sauƙaƙan karatun haruffa mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Misalai sun haɗa da: alamomin yanayi akan kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, na'urorin nuni na ma'auni akan wutar lantarki ko kayan aikin gwaji, sauƙaƙan bayanan saƙo akan na'urori, karatun agogo, da rukunin mu'amala mai amfani na asali a cikin sarrafa masana'antu. Siffar sa ta horizontal mai tara juna tana ba da damar sassa da yawa a gefe da gefe don samar da saƙonni masu tsayi ko manyan na'urorin nuni na lambobi.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane da Tsarin Turawa (Driver Circuitry)

Turawa matrix 5x7 yana buƙatar tsarin haɗa kai (multiplexing). Microcontroller tare da isassun fil ɗin I/O ko takamaiman IC mai turawa LED (kamar MAX7219 ko makamantansu) yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne mai turawa ya zagaya cikin ginshiƙai biyar cikin sauri, yana ƙarfafa layukan anode bakwai masu dacewa don kowane ginshiƙi. Cikakken aiki na 1/16 da aka ambata a cikin yanayin gwaji shine ma'auni na haɗa kai (multiplexing ratio) na gama gari (1/5 ga ginshiƙai * wasu abubuwan dagewa). Dole ne mai turawa ya ba da igiyar bugun jini, ba ci gaba da DC ba, ga kowane LED. Matsakaicin igiyar ruwa ta kowane ɗigo na iya zama mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin ma'auni don cimma hasken da ake so a cikin cikakken aikin haɗa kai (multiplexing duty cycle), amma bai kamata ya wuce 60mA cikakken matsakaici ba. Ana buƙatar lissafin ƙididdiga na masu iyakance igiyar ruwa bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da igiyar bugun jini da ake so. Wurin zafi na iya zama dole idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ma'auni ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin banbanta na LTP-7357KS shine amfani da fasahar AlInGaP don fitar da rawaya. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), AlInGaP yana ba da inganci mafi girma, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki, da mafi daidaitaccen fitar da launi. Haɗin fuskar toka/farin ɗigo yana ba da babban bambanci, bayyanar mara haske lokacin da ya kashe, wanda ya fi dacewa a yawancin aikace-aikacen ƙwararru da na mabukaci fiye da fuskar baƙar fata ko bayyananne. Faɗin kewayon zafin aiki da ingantaccen ginin ƙwaƙƙwaran yana ba shi fa'ida a cikin aminci akan sauran fasahohin nuni kamar na'urorin nuni na fluorescent na vacuum (VFDs) ko na'urorin nuni na ruwa mai ruwa (LCDs) a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ko da yake ba shi da sassaucin matrix pixel na hoto.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin kololuwa da babban tsayin tsayi?

A: Tsayin kololuwa (λp) shine tsayin tsayin da bakan fitarwa yake da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Babban tsayin tsayi (λd) shine tsayin tsayin haske guda ɗaya wanda zai dace da launin da ake gani na LED. Don ƙunƙuntaccen bakan kamar wannan, suna kusa sosai (588nm vs. 587nm).

Q: Zan iya turawa wannan na'urar nuni tare da igiyar DC akai-akai akan kowane LED?

A: A zahiri i, amma ba shi da inganci sosai kuma zai buƙaci da'irori masu iyakance igiyar ruwa 35 ɗaya. Haɗa kai (multiplexing/scanning) shine daidaitaccen hanya mai amfani, yana ba da damar sarrafa LED 35 tare da fil ɗin 12 kawai.

Q: An gwada ƙarfin hasken gani a cikin cikakken aiki na 1/16. Menene wannan ke nufi ga zanena?

A: Wannan shine yanayin gwaji da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙayyade haske. A cikin zanen haɗa kai (multiplexing design), za ku sami irin wannan cikakken aiki (misali, 1/5 a kowane ginshiƙi). Don cimma ƙayyadaddun haske, igiyar bugun jini ta mai turawa yayin lokacin aiki ya kamata a saita shi zuwa 32mA (igiyar yanayin gwaji). Matsakaicin igiyar ruwa zai yi ƙasa sosai.

Q: Ana buƙatar wurin zafi (heat sink)?

A: Don aiki na yau da kullun a cikin ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin igiyar ruwa da iyakokin zafin jiki, ba a yawanci buƙatar takamaiman wurin zafi (heat sink) don na'urar nuni da kanta. Duk da haka, ingantaccen shimfidar PCB tare da isassun yanki na tagulla don igiyoyin wutar lantarki da ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen tarwatsa zafi. Idan ana turawa a matsakaicin ma'auni a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, ana ba da shawarar binciken zafi.

11. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar mai sarrafa zafin jiki mai sauƙi tare da saitin wuri da ainihin karatun zafin jiki. Ana iya amfani da na'urorin nuni LTP-7357KS guda biyu a gefe da gefe. Microcontroller yana karanta firikwensin zafin jiki, yana aiwatar da lissafin PID, kuma yana turawa relay mai dumama. Hakanan yana turawa na'urorin nuni LED guda biyu ta hanyar da'irar mai turawa ta haɗa kai (multiplexing driver circuit) don nuna saitin wuri da zafin jiki na yanzu. Launin rawaya yana bayyana cikin sauƙi a cikin yanayin haske daban-daban. Dole ne zanen ya haɗa da masu iyakance igiyar ruwa akan layukan anode. Dole ne firmware ya aiwatar da taswirar font ɗin haruffa (canza lambobin ASCII zuwa tsarin 5x7 don lambobi, 'C' don Celsius, da sauransu) da tsarin bincike don sabunta na'urorin nuni a ƙimar da ta isa don guje wa flicker (yawanci >60 Hz).

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

LTP-7357KS ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence na semiconductor. Tsarin guntun AlInGaP ya ƙunshi yadudduka da yawa na epitaxial da aka girma akan substrate na GaAs. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman haɗin gawa na Aluminium, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphide yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yayi daidai da tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, rawaya. Matrix 5x7 an kafa shi ta 35 daga cikin waɗannan guntun LED ɗaya, an haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki a cikin tsarin grid na layuka da ginshiƙai don ba da damar sarrafa su ta hanyar haɗa kai (multiplexing).

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Yayin da na'urorin nuni masu tsarin ɗigo kamar LTP-7357KS suka kasance masu dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace, masu hankali ga farashi, ko ƙarancin bayanai, babban trend a fasahar nuni yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma da sassauci. Module na OLED na hoto da TFT-LCD suna zama mafi araha kuma suna ba da hotuna masu iya magana da pixel. Duk da haka, don sauƙaƙan, haske, ƙaƙƙarfan, da na'urorin nuni haruffa kawai masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki, matrix ɗin LED suna riƙe da fa'idodi. Amfani da AlInGaP yana wakiltar ci gaba akan tsofaffin kayan LED, yana ba da ingantaccen aiki. Ci gaba na gaba a cikin wannan ƙaramin yanki na iya mayar da hankali kan ma fi girma inganci, mafi faɗin kusurwar kallo, masu turawa da aka haɗa, da kuma kunshin hawan saman don sauƙin haɗawa, ko da yake ainihin tsarin matrix na haɗa kai (multiplexed matrix approach) an kafa shi sosai.