Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na LTD-322JS - Tsayin Lamba 0.3-inch - Rawaye - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 70mW - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTD-322JS na'urar nunin lamba ce mai ƙarfi da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karantawar lambobi masu haske, masu haske, kuma masu dogaro. Ta cikin rukunin nunin diode mai haskakawa (LED), musamman ta amfani da fasahar semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken rawaye. Babban aikin wannan sashi shine wakiltar lambobi (0-9) da wasu haruffa ta hanyar sassan da za'a iya kira su da kansu.

Yankunan aikace-aikacensa na asali sun haɗa da kayan aikin masana'antu, allunan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin gwaji da ma'auni, da kowane tsarin da aka haɗa wanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin nunin lamba mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Ana siffanta na'urar da tsayin lamba 0.3-inch (7.62 mm), wanda ke ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin karantawa da amfani da sararin allo. Nunin yana da fuskar baƙi tare da sassan fari, yana ba da bambanci mai girma don mafi kyawun bayyanar haruffa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban.

Fasahar da ke ƙasa tana amfani da guntu na LED na AlInGaP da aka ƙera akan wani abu marar wucewa na Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). Wannan tsarin kayan sananne ne don ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali wajen samar da tsayin rawaye da amber. An saita na'urar a matsayin nunin katodi gama gari mai sau biyu, ma'ana tana ƙunshe da lambobi biyu (ko raka'o'in nuni guda biyu masu zaman kansu) waɗanda ke raba haɗin katodi gama gari, wanda ke sauƙaƙa da'irar tuƙi mai yawa (multiplexing).

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Madaidaicin Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ko sama da waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guje su don ingantaccen aiki.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki kowane Sashe:70 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da za a iya ragewa ta hanyar sashe ɗaya mai haskakawa ba tare da haifar da lalacewar zafi ba. Wuce wannan iyaka yana haɗarin lalata tsarin rijiyar quantum na ciki na LED da igiyoyin haɗin kai.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba kowane Sashe:60 mA. Wannan ma'auni ya shafi yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini 0.1 ms. Yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren lokaci na wuce gona da iri don samun haske mai tsananin lokaci, mai amfani ga nunin da aka haɗa ko tasirin strobe, amma dole ne a sarrafa shi a hankali don guje wa wuce matsakaicin ma'aunin wutar lantarki.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba kowane Sashe:25 mA a 25°C. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC da aka ba da shawarar don ci gaba da aiki. An ƙayyade ma'aunin rage ƙimar layi na 0.33 mA/°C, ma'ana ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da aka halatta yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi (Ta) ya tashi sama da 25°C. Misali, a 50°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba zai kasance kusan 25 mA - (0.33 mA/°C * 25°C) = 16.75 mA.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya kowane Sashe:5 V. LEDs diode ne kuma suna da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya. Yin amfani da bambancin baya sama da 5V na iya haifar da rushewar avalanche, mai yuwuwar lalata sashen.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ma'ajiyar Zazzabi:-35°C zuwa +85°C. Wannan yana ayyana yanayin muhalli da na'urar za ta iya jurewa yayin aiki da ajiyar aiki. Ayyuka a cikin teburin halaye na lantarki/na gani yawanci ana ƙayyade su a 25°C.
• Zazzabin Solder:Matsakaicin 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, an auna 1.6mm ƙasa da filin zama. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don igiyar solder ko hanyoyin sake kwarara don hana lalacewa ga fakitin filastik da haɗin guntu na ciki.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C) kuma suna wakiltar aikin al'ada na na'urar.

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):320 μcd (Ƙarami), 800 μcd (Al'ada) a I_F=1mA. Ƙarfin haske ma'auni ne na ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a wani takamaiman shugabanci. Faɗin yanki (Ƙarami zuwa Al'ada) yana nuna tsarin rarraba (binning). Aunin yana amfani da tacewa wanda ya kusanci lanƙwan amsa ido na CIE photopic (V(λ)), yana tabbatar da ƙimar tana da alaƙa da hasken hasken ɗan adam.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Tsayin Fitowa (λ_p):588 nm (Al'ada) a I_F=20mA. Wannan shine tsayin tsayin da rarraba ikon hasken da aka fitar ya kai matsakaicinsa. Ga LED na rawaye na AlInGaP, wannan yawanci yana faɗuwa a cikin kewayon 585-595 nm.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (Al'ada) a I_F=20mA. Wannan ma'auni, wanda kuma ake kira Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici (FWHM), yana bayyana faɗin bakan da aka fitar. Ƙimar 15 nm tana nuna hasken rawaye mai launi ɗaya, wanda ke da halayyar semiconductors masu tazara kai tsaye kamar AlInGaP.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Tsayin (λ_d):587 nm (Al'ada) a I_F=20mA. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin shine tsayin tsayin guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya fahimta wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken. Yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud, amma ba koyaushe yake daidai da tsayin tsayin ba.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba kowane Sashe (V_F):2.05V (Ƙarami), 2.6V (Al'ada) a I_F=20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Masu ƙira dole ne su tabbatar da da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da isasshen wutar lantarki don shawo kan wannan faɗuwar, tare da duk wani faɗuwa a cikin resistors na jerin ko transistors masu tuƙi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya kowane Sashe (I_R):100 μA (Matsakaici) a V_R=5V. Wannan shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yoyo lokacin da diode ke da bambancin baya a matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfinsa.
• Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V-m):2:1 (Matsakaici) a I_F=1mA. Wannan yana ƙayyade matsakaicin rabo da aka halatta tsakanin mafi haske da mafi duhu sashe a cikin na'ura ɗaya ko tsakanin na'urori daga rukunin guda. Rabo na 2:1 yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin nunin.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Bayanin fasaha yana nuna cewa an "Rarraba don Ƙarfin Hasken." Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarraba ko tsarawa bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki.

• Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken:Ƙayyadadden ƙaramin (320 μcd) da na al'ada (800 μcd) don I_Vsuna nuna an tsara samfuran zuwa kwandon ƙarfi daban-daban. Wannan yana ba masu siye damar zaɓar sassan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haskensu, mai yiwuwa ya shafi farashi. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da ƙimar ƙima don tabbatar da ganuwa a aikace-aikacensu.
• Tsarar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba:Duk da yake ba a bayyana shi a fili a matsayin ma'aunin kwandon ba, kewayon da aka bayar don V_F(2.05V zuwa 2.6V) na al'ada ne don yaduwar samarwa. Don aikace-aikacen da daidaitaccen faɗuwar wutar lantarki ke da mahimmanci (misali, na'urorin da ke da wutar baturi tare da matsanancin sararin samaniya), masana'antun na iya ba da sassan da aka tsara wutar lantarki bisa buƙata.
• Daidaiton Tsayin Tsayin:Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun bayanai don λ_p(588 nm Al'ada) da λ_d(587 nm Al'ada) suna nuna ingantaccen sarrafa tsari, yana haifar da daidaitaccen launin rawaye a cikin rukunin samarwa. Muhimman rarraba don launi ba su da yawa ga LED masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan nau'in rawaye idan aka kwatanta da LED na fari.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Bayanin fasaha yana nuni da "Lanƙwan Halaye na Lantarki/Na Gani na Al'ada." Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, zamu iya ƙididdige abubuwan da suka dace da mahimmanci.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V):Wannan jadawali zai nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta al'ada na diode. Ga LTD-322JS, lanƙwan zai wuce ta wurin I_F=20mA, V_F=~2.6V. Gangaren lanƙwan a yankin aiki yana taimakawa tantance juriya mai ƙarfi, mai mahimmanci don duhu na analog ko aikin bugun jini.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-L):Wannan makircin yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ga LED, gabaɗaya yana da layi a cikin faɗi mai yawa ƙasa da jikewa. Lanƙwan zai nuna ƙarfi a 1mA (don I_Vspec) kuma ya kwatanta alaƙar har zuwa matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba (25mA).
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Wannan lanƙwan yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi. Fitowar hasken LED na AlInGaP yawanci tana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Fahimtar wannan rage ƙimar yana ba masu ƙira damar ramawa ta hanyar gani ko lantarki a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali da ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsayin tsayin, wanda ke tsakiya kusan 588 nm tare da FWHM na kusan 15 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da yanayin launi ɗaya na fitarwa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitawa

5.1 Girman Fakitin

An ayyana jikin na'urar a cikin zanen fakitin. Duk ma'auni suna cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.25 mm (0.01 inch) sai dai idan an lura daban. Muhimman ma'auni yawanci sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayin fakitin, tazarar lamba zuwa lamba (pitch), girman sashe da tazara, da tazarar jagora (fil) da ma'auni. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB, tabbatar da dacewa da tsari, da tsara abubuwan rufewa ko tagogi a cikin akwatin samfurin ƙarshe.

5.2 Haɗin Fil da Ƙa'idar Ƙarfafawa

LTD-322JS yana da tsarin fil 10. Yana da nau'inkatodi gama gari, ma'ana an haɗa katodi (tashoshi mara kyau) na LED na kowane lamba tare a ciki.

• Fil 1:Anode G (Sashe G)
• Fil 2:Babu Haɗi (N/C)
• Fil 3:Anode A (Sashe A)
• Fil 4:Anode F (Sashe F)
• Fil 5:Katodi Gama Gari don Lamba 2
• Fil 6:Anode D (Sashe D)
• Fil 7:Anode E (Sashe E)
• Fil 8:Anode C (Sashe C)
• Fil 9:Anode B (Sashe B)
• Fil 10:Katodi Gama Gari don Lamba 1

Jadawalin da'irar ciki yana nuna daidaitaccen tsari na sassa 7 tare da ƙari maki goma (DP) don kowane lamba, tare da anode na kowane sashe da katodi gama gari don kowane lamba. Wannan tsari yana da kyau don haɗawa da yawa (multiplexing).

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Bin ƙayyadadden bayanin solder yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi.

• Sake Kwarara/Igilar Solder:Matsakaicin zazzabin solder da aka halatta shine 260°C, an auna 1.6mm ƙasa da jikin fakitin (filin zama). Lokacin bayyanawa a wannan matsakaicin zazzabi bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Daidaitattun bayanan sake kwarara marasa gubar (SnAgCu) tare da matsakaicin zazzabi na 240-250°C gabaɗaya suna da aminci idan an sarrafa lokacin sama da ruwa.
• Solder da Hannu:Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zazzabi. Ya kamata a rage lokacin tuntuɓar kowane jagora, mafi kyau zuwa ƙasa da dakika 3, ta amfani da zazzabin ƙarshen da bai wuce 350°C ba.
• Tsaftacewa:Bayan solder, idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa, yi amfani da kaushi masu dacewa da kayan ruwan tabarau na epoxy na LED. Guji tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic, saboda girgizar mitar mai girma na iya lalata igiyoyin haɗin ciki.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin busasshiyar muhalli, mai hana tashin hankali a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zazzabi (-35°C zuwa +85°C). Ba a ƙayyade matakin hankali na Danshi (MSL) a cikin wannan bayanin fasaha amma ya kamata a tabbatar da shi tare da mai kera don hanyoyin haɗawa na zamani waɗanda suka haɗa da sake kwarara.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

An ƙera tsarin katodi gama gari don tuƙi mai yawa (multiplexed). Da'irar al'ada ta ƙunshi amfani da microcontroller ko takamaiman IC mai tuƙa nunin.

• Haɗawa da Yawa (Duba):An haɗa katodi gama gari biyu (fil 5 & 10) zuwa transistors na NPN ko NFETs (sun nutsar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki). An haɗa anode na sassa zuwa resistors masu iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki sannan zuwa fil na microcontroller ko fitarwar sassan IC mai tuƙi. Microcontroller yana kunna katodin lamba ɗaya a lokaci guda yayin da yake ƙarfafa madaidaicin anode na sashe don wannan lambar. Ƙimar sabuntawa na >60 Hz kowane lamba yana hana ƙyalli mai gani.
• Iyakance Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki:Resistor na jerin wajibi ne ga kowane anode na sashe (ko mai tuƙi mai daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki) don saita ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Don wadata na 5V da manufa I_Fna 20mA tare da V_F=2.6V, R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 Ω. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na resistor ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla I_F²* R = 0.048W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor 1/8W (0.125W) ya isa.
• Sarrafa Hasken:Ana iya daidaita haske ta hanyar bambanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (ta hanyar PWM akan resistor na jerin ko amfani da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai canzawa) ko ta hanyar bambanta aikin aiki a cikin tsarin haɗawa da yawa.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su na Ƙira

• Kusurwar Dubawa:Bayanin fasaha yana da'awar "Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa." Don mafi kyawun karantawa, ya kamata a ɗora nunin a kai tsaye zuwa babban shugabanin dubawa. Yi la'akari da rarraba ƙarfin kusurwa idan ana buƙatar duba daga kusurwa mai karkata.
• Haɓaka Bambanci:Ƙirar fuskar baƙi/sassan fari tana ba da bambanci na asali. Don amfani na waje ko hasken yanayi mai girma, ana iya buƙatar tacewa mai matsakaicin yawa ko takamaiman tacewa mai haɓaka bambanci.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake ragewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (matsakaicin 70mW kowane sashe), a cikin aikin haɗawa da yawa, matsakaicin wutar lantarki kowane sashe yana da ƙasa. Duk da haka, idan duk sassan lamba suna kunne lokaci guda a babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, tabbatar da isasshen iska ko sanyaya idan yanayin yanayi yana da zafi, girmama lanƙwan rage ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Kariya daga ESD:LED suna da saukin kamuwa da Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD). Yi amfani da shi tare da kariya daga ESD da ta dace. Haɗa diode na TVS ko resistors na jerin akan layukan I/O da aka haɗa zuwa nunin na iya inganta ƙarfin ESD na matakin tsarin.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTD-322JS, bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayananta, tana da fa'idodi da yawa da ciniki idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin nunin.

• vs. Manyan/Ƙananan Nunin LED:Lamba 0.3-inch zaɓi ne na matsakaicin girma. Manyan lambobi (misali, 0.5\

  Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED

  Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED

  Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

  Kalma	Naúrar/Wakilci	Bayanin Sauri	Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
  Ingancin Hasken Wuta	lm/W (lumen kowace watt)	Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari.	Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
  Gudun Hasken Wuta	lm (lumen)	Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske".	Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
  Kusurwar Dubawa	° (digiri), misali 120°	Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske.	Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
  Zafin Launi (CCT)	K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K	Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi.	Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
  CI / Ra	Ba naúrar, 0–100	Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau.	Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
  SDCM	Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki"	Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
  Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken	nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja)	Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi.	Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
  Rarraba Bakan Hasken	Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi	Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske.	Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

  Ma'auni na Lantarki

  Kalma	Alamar	Bayanin Sauri	Abubuwan ƙira
  Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	Vf	Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa".	Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
  Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	If	Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun.	Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
  Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini	Ifp	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya.	Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
  Ƙarfin lantarki na baya	Vr	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa.	Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
  Juriya na zafi	Rth (°C/W)	Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau.	Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
  Rigakafin ESD	V (HBM), misali 1000V	Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni.	Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

  Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

  Kalma	Ma'aunin maɓalli	Bayanin Sauri	Tasiri
  Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa	Tj (°C)	Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED.	Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
  Ragewar Lumen	L70 / L80 (sa'o'i)	Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko.	Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
  Kula da Lumen	% (misali 70%)	Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci.	Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
  Canjin Launi	Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam	Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani.	Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
  Tsufa na Zafi	Lalacewar kayan aiki	Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci.	Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

  Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

  Kalma	Nau'ikan gama gari	Bayanin Sauri	Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
  Nau'in Kunshin	EMC, PPA, Yumbu	Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi.	EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
  Tsarin Guntu	Gaba, Guntu Juyawa	Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu.	Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
  Rufin Phosphor	YAG, Silicate, Nitride	Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari.	Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
  Ruwan tabarau/Optics	Lefi, Microlens, TIR	Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske.	Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

  Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

  Kalma	Abun rarraba	Bayanin Sauri	Manufa
  Kwalin Gudun Hasken	Lambar misali 2G, 2H	An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
  Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki	Lambar misali 6W, 6X	An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.	Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
  Kwalin Launi	Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki	An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon.	Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
  Kwalin CCT	2700K, 3000K da sauransu	An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa.	Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

  Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

  Kalma	Matsakaicin/Gwaji	Bayanin Sauri	Muhimmanci
  LM-80	Gwajin kula da lumen	Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske.	Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
  TM-21	Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa	Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80.	Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
  IESNA	Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa	Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi.	Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
  RoHS / REACH	Tabbatarwar muhalli	Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury).	Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
  ENERGY STAR / DLC	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa.	Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.