Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na LTD-323JF - Tsawon Lamba 0.3-inch (7.62mm) - AlInGaP Rai-Rai - Ƙarfin Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 70mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Duba na Samfur

Na'urar ita ce nunin LED mai lamba da haruffa mai tsawon lamba 0.3-inch (7.62 mm). An ƙera ta don samar da bayanan lambobi ko iyakantattun haruffa masu haske, masu bayyana a cikin ƙaramin siffa. Fasahar ainihin ta yi amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da fitarwa mai launin rawaya-rai-rai. Nunin yana da fuskar baki don babban bambanci da fararen sassa don mafi kyawun watsa haske da kamanni. An rarraba shi azaman nunin anode gama gari biyu, ma'ana lambobi biyu suna raba haɗin anode gama gari, wanda shine tsarin gama gari don haɗawa a cikin da'irori masu tuƙi don rage adadin ƙarfe.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa, na mahimman ma'auni na wutar lantarki da na gani da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardun bayanin.

2.1 Halayen Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nunin. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)an ƙayyade daga 320 μcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 800 μcd (na al'ada) a ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 1 mA. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna hasken da ake gani na sassan da aka haskaka. Masu ƙira ya kamata su lura da Matsakaicin Daidaita Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv-m)na 2:1 matsakaici. Wannan rabo yana ayyana bambancin haske da aka yarda tsakanin sassa daban-daban na lamba ɗaya ko tsakanin lambobi, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani. Ƙaramin rabo yana nuna mafi kyawun daidaito.

Halayen launi an ayyana su ta hanyar tsayin zango. Matsakaicin Tsayin Zango na Fitowa (λp)shi ne 611 nm (na al'ada), yayin da Tsayin Zango Mai Girma (λd)shi ne 605 nm (na al'ada) a IF=20mA. Tsayin zango mai girma shine tsayin zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda ke ayyana launin (launin rawaya-rai-rai a wannan yanayin). Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ)na 17 nm (na al'ada) yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko kunkuntar band ɗin hasken da aka fitar; ƙaramin ƙima yana nuna mafi yawan tushen haske mai launi ɗaya.

2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki

Ma'auni na wutar lantarki suna ayyana yanayin aiki da buƙatun wutar lantarki. Ma'auni mai mahimmanci shine Ƙarfin Gaba kowane Sashe (VF), wanda shine 2.6V (na al'ada) a ƙarfin gaba na 20 mA. Wannan ƙimar tana da mahimmanci don ƙira resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin da ke jere tare da kowane sashe. Ƙarfin Baya kowane Sashe (IR)an ƙayyade shi azaman matsakaicin 100 μA a Ƙarfin Baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna halayen ɗigon na'urar a cikin yanayin kashewa.

2.3 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Ba don aikin al'ada ba ne.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki kowane Sashe:70 mW. Wannan yana iyakance haɗakar tasirin ƙarfin gaba da faɗuwar wutar lantarki a cikin sashe.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba kowane Sashe:25 mA a 25°C, tare da ƙimar ragewa na 0.33 mA/°C. Wannan yana nufin matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi (Ta) ya ƙaru sama da 25°C.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba kowane Sashe:60 mA, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Wannan yana da alaƙa da tsare-tsaren tuƙi masu haɗawa.
• Ƙarfin Baya kowane Sashe:5 V. Wuce wannan na iya rushe haɗin LED.
• Kewayon Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-35°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zazzabi na Solder:Maximum 260°C for a maximum of 3 seconds, measured 1.6mm below the seating plane. This is critical for wave or reflow soldering processes.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Takardun bayanin ta bayyana a sarari cewa na'urar "An Rarraba don Ƙarfin Hasken."Wannan yana nuna kasancewar tsarin rarraba. A cikin kera LED, bambance-bambance suna faruwa. Rarraba shine tsarin raba LED zuwa ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa mahimman ma'auni kamar ƙarfin haske kuma wani lokacin ƙarfin gaba ko tsayin zango. Ta hanyar siyan samfurin da aka rarraba, masu ƙira suna tabbatar da mafi girman daidaito a cikin haske a duk nunin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin taro, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ingancin samfur. Kewayon Iv da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardun bayanin (320-800 μcd) mai yiwuwa yana wakiltar yaduwa a cikin kwantena daban-daban da ake samu.

4. Binciken Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da ba a yi cikakken bayani game da lankwasan takamaiman ba a cikin rubutun da aka bayar, takardun bayanin LED na al'ada sun haɗa da jadawali masu mahimmanci don ƙira.

4.1 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin ƙarfin da ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin gaba yana ƙaruwa da logarithmic tare da ƙarfin. Ƙimar VF ta al'ada da aka bayar (2.6V @ 20mA) wani batu ne akan wannan lankwasa. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan don tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki, musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi inda VF ke ƙaruwa.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan jadawali yana nuna yadda haske ke aunawa tare da ƙarfin. Gabaɗaya yana layi ne a cikin faɗi amma zai cika a manyan ƙarfi sosai. Yana taimakawa wajen tantance ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata don cimma matakin haske da ake so.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Fitowar hasken LED tana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ya tashi. Wannan lankwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafi. Idan an kunna nunin a cikin yanayi mai zafi ko tare da rashin isasshen kawar da zafi, hasken zai yi ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun a 25°C.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin dangi a tsawon tsayin zango zai nuna kololuwa (611 nm) da rabin faɗi (17 nm), yana tabbatar da wurin launin rawaya-rai-rai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Na'urar tana da takamaiman ƙafar ƙafa ta zahiri da tsari na ƙarfe. Girman Marufizane (wanda aka ambata amma ba a nuna a rubutu ba) yana ba da duk mahimman ma'auni na injiniya a cikin milimita, tare da matsakaicin juriya na ±0.25 mm. Wannan zane yana da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB, yana tabbatar da cewa an ƙera ƙafar ƙafa da wuraren kiyayewa daidai.

5.1 Haɗin Ƙarfe da Da'irar Ciki

An ba da Haɗin Ƙarfetebur. Na'urar ce mai ƙarfe 10. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna tsarin anode gama gari biyu. Ƙarfe 5 da 10 sune anode gama gari don Lamba 2 da Lamba 1, bi da bi. Sauran ƙarfe (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9) sune cathodes na sassa ɗaya (G, A, F, D, E, C, B). Ƙarfe 2 an lura da shi a matsayin "Babu Ƙarfe," mai yiwuwa yana nufin wurin ajiye injiniya ne ba tare da haɗin wutar lantarki ba. Alamar sashe (A-G) tana bin ka'idar nunin sassa 7 na al'ada.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Babban jagora da aka bayar shine Zazzabi na Solderƙimar: matsakaicin 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, an auna 1.6mm ƙasa da farfajiyar zama. Wannan ƙima ce ta al'ada don solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara. Yin biyayya yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga guntu LED, kayan rufi na epoxy, ko haɗin waya na ciki. Tsawaita bayyanar da yanayin zafi mai girma na iya haifar da rabuwa, canza launi, ko gazawar bala'i.

Bayanan Kulawa Gabaɗaya:Ko da yake ba a bayyana a sarari ba, ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Fitowar Wutar Lantarki na Tsaye) yayin kulawa da taro, saboda haɗin LED yana da hankali ga wutar lantarki. Ajiya ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki da ɗanɗano don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin solder.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Lambar sashi an bayyana ta a sarari a matsayin LTD-323JF. Wannan tsarin suna mai yiwuwa yana ɓoye mahimman halaye: "LTD" na iya nuna nau'in nunin, "32" na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da girman 0.32-inch (kusan 0.3-inch), kuma "JF" na iya nuna launi (rawaya-rai-rai) da marufi. Maganar takardun bayanin ita ce Lambar Spec: DS30-2001-410. Don yin oda, dole ne a yi amfani da ainihin lambar sashi. Cikakkun bayanai game da marufin reel, faɗin tef, ko karkata yawanci ana samun su akan takardun ƙayyadaddun marufi daban.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan nunin ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaramin, mai haske, kuma amintaccen nuni na lambobi. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da:

• Kayan aikin gwaji da aunawa (ma'auni masu yawa, ƙididdiga mitar).
• Kwamitun sarrafa masana'antu da karatun kayan aiki.
• Kayan amfani na mabukaci (mikrowave, kayan aikin sauti).
• Nunin dashboard na mota bayan kasuwa.
• Tashoshin siyarwa.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Yi amfani da tushen ƙarfin akai-akai ko tushen wutar lantarki tare da resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin jere don kowane sashe cathode. Ƙimar resistor an ƙididdige ta kamar R = (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki - VF) / IF. Don samar da wutar lantarki 5V da ƙarfin da aka yi niyya na 20mA: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.02A = 120 Ω.
• Haɗawa:Tsarin anode gama gari ya dace da haɗawa. Ta hanyar kunna anode gama gari ɗaya (lamba) a lokaci guda da tuƙi daidai cathodes sassa, ana iya sarrafa lambobi da yawa tare da ƙarancin ƙarfe na I/O. Ƙimar ƙimar kololuwa (60mA) tana ba da damar ƙarin ƙarfin bugun jini don rama ƙarancin aikin aiki, yana kiyaye hasken da ake gani.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Takardun bayanin ta yi iƙirarin cewa "Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa," wanda yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da za a iya duba nunin daga wuraren da ba su da axis.
• Bambanci:Fuskar baki tana ba da babban bambanci a cikin wurare masu haske da duhu.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin nunin LED da ake samu a lokacin fitowarsa (2001), tsarin kayan AlInGaP da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin LTD-323JF ya ba da fa'idodi daban-daban fiye da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide):

• Mafi Girman Hasken & Ingantacciyar Aiki:LED na AlInGaP sun fi haske da inganci fiye da LED na GaAsP, musamman a cikin bakan ja zuwa rawaya-rai-rai.
• Mafi Kyawun Kwanciyar Yanayin Zafi:AlInGaP gabaɗaya yana nuna ƙarancin raguwar ƙarfin haske tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da GaAsP.
• Mafi Girman Amincewa:Da'awar "Amincewar Yanayin Ƙarfi" tana goyan bayan ƙarfin guntu na AlInGaP da fasahar marufi mai girma.
• Idan aka kwatanta da madadin zamani kamar nunin fluorescent na vacuum (VFDs), wannan nunin LED yana da sauƙin tuƙi, yana da tsawon rayuwa, kuma yana aiki a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, amma yana iya samun ƙarancin haske a wasu yanayi.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Wane resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don tuƙi sashe a 20mA daga samar da wutar lantarki 5V?

A: Ta amfani da VF na al'ada na 2.6V, R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima mafi kusa (misali, 120 Ω ko 150 Ω) kuma duba ainihin ƙarfin.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan nunin tare da microcontroller na 3.3V?

A: Mai yiwuwa, amma dole ne ku duba ƙarfin gaba. A 20mA, VF shine 2.6V na al'ada, yana barin 0.7V kawai don resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin. Wannan yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙimar resistor (35 Ω), yana sa ƙarfin ya zama mai hankali ga bambance-bambance a cikin VF. Yana da kyau a yi aiki a ƙaramin ƙarfin (misali, 5-10mA) ko kuma a yi amfani da takamaiman IC mai tuƙi na LED tare da na'urar haɓakawa.

Q: Me ma'anar Matsakaicin Daidaita Ƙarfin Hasken 2:1?

A: Yana nufin sashe/lamba mafi haske bai kamata ya fi haske sau biyu fiye da mafi duhun sashe/lamba a cikin na'urar nunin ɗaya. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara rage ƙimar don Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba?

A: Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba yana raguwa da 0.33 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius sama da 25°C. A 85°C (matsakaicin zafin aiki), ragewa shine (85-25)*0.33mA ≈ 19.8 mA. Saboda haka, matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aka yarda a 85°C shine 25 mA - 19.8 mA = 5.2 mA kowane sashe.

11. Harka na Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar karatun ma'aunin voltmeter mai lamba 2 ta amfani da microcontroller.

1. Ƙirar Da'ira:Haɗa anode gama gari biyu (ƙarfe 5 & 10) zuwa ƙarfe I/O daban-daban na microcontroller waɗanda aka tsara azaman maɓalli na buɗe-ɗari/ƙananan gefe. Haɗa duk cathodes sassa bakwai (ƙarfe 1,3,4,6,7,8,9) zuwa wasu ƙarfe I/O bakwai ta hanyar resistors masu iyakancewar ƙarfin 120 Ω (don tsarin 5V).
2. Software (Haɗawa):A cikin tsarin katse lokaci (misali, a 100Hz):
   
   a. Kashe duka ƙarfe na anode gama gari biyu (saita babban juriya ko babban dabaru idan ana amfani da transistor PNP).
   
   b. Saita ƙarfe na cathode sassa zuwa tsarin Lamba 1.
   
   c. Kunna (tuƙi ƙasa) anode gama gari don Lamba 1 (ƙarfe 10).
   
   d. Jira ɗan jinkiri (misali, 5ms).
   
   e. Kashe anode na Lamba 1.
   
   f. Saita ƙarfe na cathode sassa zuwa tsarin Lamba 2.
   
   g. Kunna anode gama gari don Lamba 2 (ƙarfe 5).
   
   h. Jira 5ms.
   
   i. Maimaita. Idon ɗan adam yana ganin duka lambobi a matsayin mai haske akai-akai.
3. Ƙididdigar Ƙarfin:Kowane sashe yana kan aikin aiki na 50% (lamba ɗaya a lokaci guda). Don cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin 10mA kowane sashe, ƙarfin bugun jini yayin lokacin aikinsa ya kamata ya zama 20mA. Wannan yana cikin ƙimar kololuwa 60mA.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescencea cikin haɗin p-n semiconductor. Kayan aiki shine AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar ginin haɗin, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. A can, sun sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, rawaya-rai-rai (~605-611 nm). Fuskar baki tana shan hasken yanayi don inganta bambanci, yayin da kayan sashe na fari ke taimakawa wajen watsawa da rarraba hasken da aka fitar daga guntu LED na ƙasa daidai.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Yayin da wannan samfurin gado ne, fahimtar mahallinsa yana nuna trends a cikin fasahar nunin. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da shi, an sami wasu mahimman trends:

• Canzawa zuwa Marufi na SMD (Na'urar Mount Surface):Daidaitattun zamani kusan nau'ikan SMD ne kawai, suna ba da damar taro na zaɓi da wuri ta atomatik, ƙananan ƙafafu, da ƙananan bayanai idan aka kwatanta da nunin ta hanyar rami kamar LTD-323JF.
• Mafi Girman Yawa & Cikakken Launi:Nunin sun matsa zuwa mafi girman yawan pixel (matrix ɗigo, OLED) da ikon cikakken launi (LED na RGB), suna ba da damar zane-zane da faɗin launi.
• Ingantaccen Aiki:Sabbin kayan LED da tsarin phosphor (kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin LED na fari) suna ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske (lumens kowace watt), suna rage amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya.
• Masu Tuƙi Haɗe:Yawancin ƙirar nunin na zamani suna zuwa tare da haɗaɗɗun IC masu tuƙi (I2C, SPI interface), suna sauƙaƙe mu'amalar microcontroller da rage adadin ƙarfe na I/O da ake buƙata.
• Madadin Fasahohi:Don ƙananan nunin lambobi, ƙananan wutar lantarki, sassan da aka yi da fasahar OLED (Organic LED) suna ba da bayanai masu siriri sosai, babban bambanci, da faɗin kusurwar dubawa, ko da yake rayuwa da la'akari da farashi sun bambanta.

LTD-323JF yana wakiltar amintaccen mafita mai girma don aikace-aikacen da takamaiman siffarsa, haske, da sauƙin mu'amala suka dace daidai, musamman a cikin ƙira masu hankali ko tsawon rayuwa.