LTP-15801KD Na'urar Nuni ta LED mai Lambobi da Haruffa 16-Segment - Tsawon Lamba 1.5-inch - Ja Mai Karfi (650nm) - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTP-15801KD na'urar nuni ce ta LED mai lamba ɗaya, mai sassa 16 (16-segment) don nuna lambobi da haruffa. Aikin ta na farko shi ne samar da fitarwa mai tsabta, mai iya gani sosai na lambobi da ƴan haruffa don na'urorin lantarki da kayan aikin ma'auni. Fasahar cibiyar ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken Ja Mai Karfi, wanda aka sani da ingantaccen aiki da ƙarfin haske. Na'urar tana da fuskar baƙi tare da alamun sassa (segments) fari, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na haske. An rarrabe ta bisa ga ƙarfin haskenta, wanda ke ba da damar daidaiton haske a cikin rukunin samarwa don aikace-aikacen da daidaiton bayyanar yake da mahimmanci.

2. Fassarar Ma'ana Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na Gani

An ayyana aikin gani a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C da wutar lantarki ta gaba (IF) na 20mA a kowane sashi (segment). Babban ma'auni, Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), yana da ƙimar al'ada na 27.3 millicandelas (mcd). Wannan ƙimar tana wakiltar hasken da ake gani na sassan da aka kunna. Na'urar tana fitar da haske a Tsawon Tsawon Tsinkayar Fitowa (λp) na 650 nanometers (nm), wanda ke cikin ɓangaren ja mai zurfi na bakan haske da ake iya gani. Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (λd) an ƙayyade shi a 639 nm. Ramin Rabin Faɗin Bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko kunkuntar band ɗin hasken da aka fitar. An ƙayyade Matsakaicin Daidaiton Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Matching Ratio) na 2:1 (matsakaici), ma'ana bambancin haske tsakanin mafi haske da mafi duhu a cikin na'ura guda ɗaya bai kamata ya wuce wannan rabo ba, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayi don amfani mai dogaro. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar (Absolute Maximum Ratings) ya saita iyakoki: matsakaicin Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Power Dissipation) na 70 mW a kowane sashi, Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (Peak Forward Current) na 90 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki), da kuma matsakaicin Ci gaba da Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (Continuous Forward Current) na 25 mA a kowane sashi a 25°C, wanda ke raguwa a layi daya da 0.33 mA/°C sama da wannan zafin jiki. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Baya (VR) a kowane sashi shine 5V. A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada (IF=20mA), Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (VF) na al'ada a kowane sashi shine 2.6V, tare da matsakaicin 5.2V. Wutar Lantarki ta Baya (IR) matsakaici shine 100 µA a VR=5V. Waɗannan ma'auni suna da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar iyakance wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da cewa LED ba a fuskantar yanayin da zai iya haifar da gazawa da wuri ba.

2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Yanayin Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Operating Temperature Range) na -35°C zuwa +85°C da kuma daidaitaccen Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Storage Temperature Range). Wannan faɗin kewayon yana sa ya dace don amfani a cikin muhallin masu amfani da na masana'antu. Muhimmin ƙayyadaddun sarrafawa shine matsakaicin Zafin Solder na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na 3 seconds, wanda aka auna a wuri 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da matakin zaunar daɗaɗɗun sashi. Yin bin wannan bayanin reflow soldering yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga guntu na LED, haɗin gwiwar ciki, da kuma kunshin filastik.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Takardun bayanan ya nuna cewa na'urar "An Rarrabe ta don Ƙarfin Haske." Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarraba samfuran da aka kera, inda ake raba su (binning) bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin wutar lantarki. Ko da yake ba a cika bayyana lambobin rarrabuwa (bin codes) a cikin wannan takardar ba, irin wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da cewa masu ƙira za su iya samun na'urorin nuni masu daidaitaccen matakin haske. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin na'urorin nuni masu lambobi da yawa ko samfuran da ake amfani da na'urori da yawa a gefe da gefe, domin hana bambance-bambancen haske da za a iya gani tsakanin lambobi ko na'urori daban-daban.

4. Bincike akan Lissafin Ayyuka (Performance Curves)

Takardun bayanan ya ambaci "Lissafin Halayen Lantarki / Na Gani na Al'ada" waɗanda suka zama ma'auni ga sassan LED. Ko da yake ba a sake fitar da takamaiman zane-zanen a cikin rubutun da aka bayar, waɗannan lissafin yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin wutar lantarki ta gaba (IF) da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba (VF), alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin haske (Iv) da wutar lantarki ta gaba (IF), da kuma bambancin ƙarfin haske tare da yanayin zafin muhalli. Waɗannan lissafin suna da matuƙar amfani ga masu ƙira. Lissafin VF-IF yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar daidaitaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai turawa da kuma resistor na jerin. Lissafin Iv-IF yana nuna yadda haske ke ƙaruwa tare da wutar lantarki, amma kuma yana nuna ma'anar raguwar amfani da ƙarin zafi. Lissafin Iv-Ta yana nuna ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau na LED, inda fitowar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa (junction temperature) ya tashi, wanda ke ba da bayanai game da yanke shawara kan sarrafa zafi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girma da Tsari

Kunshin nau'in nuni ne mai rami (DIP). An ba da duk mahimman girma a cikin milimita, tare da juzu'in gabaɗaya na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade wani abu. Siffar mahimmanci ita ce tsawon lamba 1.5-inch (38 mm), wanda ke ayyana girman zahirin harafin da ake nunawa. Zanen ya cika bayani game da tsarin sassa (A1, A2, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G1, G2, H, I, J, K, L, M) da kuma gabaɗayan ƙafar na'urar akan allon da'ira (PCB).

5.2 Tsarin Ƙafafu da Gano Polarity

Na'urar tana da tsarin ƙafafu 17. An gano ƙafa 1 a matsayin COMMON ANODE. Wannan muhimmin mai gano polarity ne; duk sauran ƙafafu (2 zuwa 17) CATHODES ne don sassa daban-daban ko ma'anar goma. Zanen da'ira na ciki ya tabbatar da tsarin anode gama gari, ma'ana duk anodes na sassan LED an haɗa su a ciki zuwa ƙafar gama gari (Ƙafa 1). Don kunna wani sashi, dole ne a haɗa ƙafar anode gama gari zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau (ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki), kuma dole ne a ja ƙafar cathode da ta dace zuwa ƙasa (ƙananan dabaru). Teburin haɗin ƙafa a sarari yana taswirar kowane lambar ƙafar cathode zuwa sashi da ta dace (misali, Ƙafa 2 = G1, Ƙafa 3 = E, da sauransu). Ma'anar goma na hannun dama kuma an haɗa shi cikin kunshin.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Umarnin haɗawa na farko ya shafi tsarin solder. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar (Absolute Maximum Ratings), ɓangaren zai iya jure matsakaicin zafin solder (reflow) na 260°C na tsawon lokaci bai wuce 3 seconds ba. Wannan bayanin al'ada ne don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko reflow ta amfani da solder mara gubar. Yana da mahimmanci a sarrafa lokaci da zafin jiki yayin haɗawa don hana gidan filastik daga karkacewa, canza launi, ko fashewa, da kuma kare haɗin waya na ciki da guntu na semiconductor daga damuwa na zafi. Solder na hannu tare da gwangwani kuma ya kamata a yi shi da sauri kuma tare da sarrafa zafi don guje wa zafi mai yawa a wuri guda.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Takamaiman lambar sashi ita ce LTP-15801KD. Prefix "LTP" mai yiwuwa yana nuna dangin samfur (nuni na LED), "15801" na iya nuna girman 1.5-inch da nau'in 16-segment, kuma "KD" na iya zama ƙari mai nuna launi (Ja Mai Karfi) kuma watakila tsarin anode gama gari. Takardun bayanan bai ba da cikakkun bayanai kan kunshin yawa (misali, bututu, tire, ko reels) ko ƙananan adadin oda ba. Don samarwa, mutum zai buƙaci tuntuɓar ƙayyadaddun kunshin mai kera ko mai rarrabawa.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan nuni ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar lamba ɗaya ko harafi mai iya gani sosai. Amfanin gama gari sun haɗa da: mitoci na panel don karatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki, ko zafin jiki; agogon dijital ko na'urorin ƙidayar lokaci; allunan sarrafa masana'antu; kayan aikin gwaji da ma'auni; da kayan amfani na mabukaci kamar tanda microwave ko amplifier na sauti inda ake nuna ma'auni guda ɗaya.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Ƙira

Da'irar Turawa:Nuni na anode gama gari yana buƙatar direba mai nutsewa wutar lantarki. Dole ne a haɗa kowane cathode na sashi zuwa direba mai iya nutse wutar lantarki da ake buƙata (misali, 20mA) lokacin da yake aiki. Anode gama gari yawanci ana haɗa shi zuwa samar da wutar lantarki mai kyau ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki. A madadin, ana iya amfani da direba IC na wutar lantarki akai-akai don mafi kyawun daidaiton haske da kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki.
Haɗawa da Yawa (Multiplexing):Duk da yake wannan nuni ne mai lamba ɗaya, ƙa'idar ta shafi idan an yi amfani da lambobi da yawa. Ana iya haɗa sassan duk lambobi a layi daya, kuma ana turawa anode gama gari na kowane lamba a jere a babban mitar. Wannan yana rage adadin ƙafafun direba da yawa sosai.
Iyakance Wutar Lantarki:Resistor na waje a cikin jerin tare da anode gama gari ya zama dole don saita wutar lantarki ta gaba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (Vcc - VF) / IF, inda Vcc shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki, VF shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don aminci), kuma IF shine wutar lantarki ta gaba da ake so (misali, 20mA).
Kusurwar Dubawa:Takardun bayanan ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Kusurwar Duba Mai Faɗi," wanda ke da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da za a iya duba nuni daga wuraren da ba su da axis.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Babban abin da ya bambanta LTP-15801KD shine amfani da fasahar AlInGaP don fitar da Ja Mai Karfi. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED ja na al'ada na GaAsP, LED na AlInGaP suna ba da ingantaccen aiki na haske sosai, ma'ana suna samar da ƙarin haske (mafi girman mcd) don adadin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. Su ma gabaɗaya suna da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki da kuma tsawon rayuwar aiki. Ƙirar 16-segment, sabanin nuni mai sauƙi na 7-segment, tana ba da damar wakiltar cikakkiyar saitin haruffa da lambobi (A-Z, 0-9, da wasu alamomi), yana ƙara yawan amfaninta akan nunin lambobi kawai.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Tsinkaya (650nm) da Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye (639nm)?
A: Tsawon Tsinkaya shine tsawon tsinkaya inda bakan fitowa yake da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Rinjaye shine tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda zai samar da launi iri ɗaya da ake gani kamar fitowar bakan mai faɗi na LED na ainihi. Don LED ja, tsawon tsinkaya mai rinjaye sau da yawa yana ɗan gajarta fiye da tsawon tsinkaya.

Q: Me yasa matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta ci gaba 25mA amma matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta bugun jini 90mA?
A: Wutar lantarki ta ci gaba tana iyakance ta ikon na'urar na rage zafi. A 25mA, ragewar wutar lantarki (VF * IF) yana cikin iyakar 70mW. Wutar lantarki ta bugun jini (90mA a 1/10 aikin aiki) tana ba da damar mafi girman haske nan take (kamar yadda ƙarfin haske ya kusan daidaita da wutar lantarki) saboda matsakaicin wutar lantarki akan lokaci ya yi ƙasa, yana hana yin zafi sosai. Haɗin gwiwar LED yana da lokaci don yin sanyi tsakanin bugun jini.

Q: Ta yaya zan haɗa wannan nuni zuwa microcontroller?
A: Ba za ku iya haɗa ƙafafu 17 kai tsaye zuwa daidaitaccen MCU ba saboda adadin ƙafafu da iyakokin wutar lantarki. Dole ne ku yi amfani da da'irar direba ta waje. Hanyar gama gari ita ce amfani da takamaiman direba IC tare da nutsewar wutar lantarki akai-akai (kamar MAX7219 ko makamantansu) ko tarin transistor arrays (kamar ULN2003) wanda ƙafafun GPIO na MCU ke sarrafa su. Direba yana sarrafa nutsewar wutar lantarki don cathodes, yayin da ake samar da wutar lantarki ga anode gama gari ta hanyar resistor.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Ƙira na Mitocin DC mai Lamba Daya:Aikace-aikace na aiki shine gina mitocin wutar lantarki na 0-9.9V. LTP-15801KD zai iya nuna lambar goma (0-9). Za a turawa shi ta hanyar microcontroller (misali, Arduino ko PIC). MCU yana karanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki na analog ta hanyar ADC ɗinsa, yana auna shi, kuma yana ƙayyade waɗanne sassa za a kunna don samar da daidaitaccen lamba. Sassan 16 suna ba da damar bayyana lambobi a sarari. Da'irar direba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, tana haɗa fitarwa na dijital na ƙananan wutar lantarki na MCU zuwa buƙatun mafi girman wutar lantarki na LED. Launin Ja Mai Karfi yana ba da kyakkyawar gani. Dole ne a yi taka-tsan-tsan a cikin shimfidar PCB don sanya resistors masu iyakance wutar lantarki kusa da nuni da kuma tabbatar da layukan samar da wutar lantarki masu tsabta don guje wa hayaniya da ke shafar karatun analog.

12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba (VF) a kan anode da cathode, electrons daga kayan semiconductor na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki (haɗin gwiwa). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon tsinkaya (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlInGaP yana da bandgap wanda yayi daidai da hasken ja/lemu/rawaya. A cikin wannan nuni na 16-segment, an ɗora guntu na LED na AlInGaP da yawa a cikin kunshin, kowanne yana samar da sashi ɗaya na harafin. An haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki a cikin tsarin anode gama gari don sauƙaƙe turawa.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Duk da yake nunin rami kamar LTP-15801KD sun kasance masu dacewa don ƙirar samfuri, ayyukan masu sha'awar, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, babban trend a fasahar nuni yana zuwa ga kunshin na'urar da aka ɗora a saman (SMD). LED na SMD suna ba da ƙafafu ƙanana, ƙananan bayyanar, kuma sun fi dacewa don haɗawar karba da sanyawa ta atomatik, yana rage farashin samarwa. Don nunin haruffa da lambobi, allunan dot-matrix (ta amfani da ƙananan LED da yawa a cikin grid) sun zama mafi yawa yayin da suke ba da mafi yawan sassauci wajen nuna zane-zane da kuma faɗaɗa saitin haruffa. Bugu da ƙari, nunin OLED (Organic LED) yanzu ya zama gama gari a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, suna ba da mafi kyawun bambanci, kusurwoyin dubawa, da siriri, ko da yake sun bambanta sosai a fasaha da aikace-aikace daga nunin sassan LED daban-daban. Tsarin kayan AlInGaP da kansa yana wakiltar ci gaba akan tsofaffin kayan LED, yana ba da ingantaccen aiki da aminci.