Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ƙayyadaddun Bayanan Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 2.2 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma
- 3. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin
- 3.1 Girman Jiki da Jurewa
- 3.2 Haɗin Ƙugiya da Da'ira ta Ciki
- 4. Jagororin Yin Gwaiduwa da Taro
- 5. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 5.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 5.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 6. Bincike Kan Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 9. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
- 9.1 Asalin Ka'idar Aiki
- 9.2 Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
LTP-4823JD ƙaramin kayan aiki ne mai nuni na lambobi da haruffa guda biyu, wanda aka ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar bayyana lambobi, haruffa, da alamomi a sarari. Babban aikinsa shi ne ya ba da hanyar ganin bayanan lambobi, haruffa, da wasu alamomi na musamman, wanda ya sa ya dace da nau'ikan kayan aikin gwaji, na'urorin sarrafawa, da na'urorin lantarki na gida da yawa.
Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar ta ta'allaka ne a yadda take amfani da fasahar guntu na LED mai suna AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). Wannan tsarin kayan yana da suna wajen samar da LED masu haske ja da rawaya masu inganci. An ƙera guntun a kan wani abu marar gani (GaAs substrate), wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta bambanci ta hanyar rage tarwatsar haske da kuma tunani a ciki. Nuni yana da fuskar launin toka tare da sassuna fari, haɗin da ke ƙara iya karantawa da kyan gani lokacin da LED ɗin ba ya kunne. An rarraba na'urar bisa ƙarfin haskenta kuma an ba da ita a cikin kayan da ba su da gubar, wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin RoHS (Hana Abubuwa Masu Illa).
1.1 Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
Nuni yana da siffofi da yawa waɗanda suke sa masu ƙira suke sha'awar shi:
- Tsawon Lamba:0.4 inches (10 mm), yana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin girma da iya gani.
- Ingancin Sashe:Sassuna masu ci gaba daidai suna tabbatar da haske mai daidaito da kuma bayyanar ƙwararru.
- Ingancin Wutar Lantarki:Ƙaramin buƙatar wutar lantarki, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar tsarin da ke da ingancin makamashi.
- Ayyukan Gani:Hasken haske mai girma da bambanci mai girma suna tabbatar da ingantaccen gani ko da a cikin wurare masu haske.
- Kusurwar Dubawa:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana ba da damar karantawa daga matsayi daban-daban.
- Amincewa:Ginin ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki yana ba da dogon rayuwar aiki da juriya ga girgiza da rawar jiki.
Kasuwar da ake nufi ta haɗa da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin gwaji da aunawa, na'urorin likitanci, allunan motoci (nuni na biyu), na'urorin siyarwa, da kayan aikin gida inda ake buƙatar bayyananniyar amsa ta lambobi da haruffa mai aminci.
2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ƙayyadaddun Bayanan Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
An ayyana aikin LTP-4823JD a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a yanayin zafi (Ta) na 25°C. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 320 µcd zuwa mafi girma na 975 µcd a gaba mai gudana (IF) na 1 mA. Ƙimar ta yau da kullun tana cikin wannan kewayon. Wannan ma'auni yana ayyana hasken kowane sashe da aka haskaka.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λp):650 nanometers (nm). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin gani, yana ayyana launinsa na \"ja mai tsanani\".
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):639 nm. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda zai iya bambanta kaɗan daga tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko kuma yadda hasken da aka fitar ya bazu a kusa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba a Kowane Sashe (VF):Yawanci 2.6 Volts, tare da matsakaicin 2.6V a IF=20mA. Mafi ƙanƙanta shine 2.1V. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'irar iyakancewar gudanarwa.
- Gudanar da Baya a Kowane Sashe (IR):Matsakaicin 100 µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.
- Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken:2:1 mafi girma ga sassuna a cikin yanki mai haske iri ɗaya a IF=1mA. Wannan yana ƙayyade matsakaicin bambancin haske da aka yarda tsakanin sassuna don tabbatar da bayyanar daidaito.
Ana yin ma'aunin ƙarfin haske ta amfani da firikwensin da tacewa waɗanda aka daidaita su don kusantar da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙimar suna da alaƙa da hangen nesa na ɗan adam.
2.2 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a waje da waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Matsakaicin Ragewar Wutar Lantarki a Kowane Sashe:70 mW.
- Matsakaicin Gudanar da Gaba a Kowane Sashe:90 mA (mai yiwuwa don aikin bugun jini).
- Matsakaicin Gudanar da Gaba a Kowane Sashe:25 mA a 25°C. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa da layi ta 0.33 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya a Kowane Sashe:5 V.
- Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki:-35°C zuwa +105°C.
- Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya:-35°C zuwa +105°C.
3. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin
3.1 Girman Jiki da Jurewa
An ba da girman kunshin a cikin millimita. Muhimman jurewa sun haɗa da ±0.25 mm ga yawancin girma da ±0.4 mm ga motsin ƙugiya. Cikakkun zane-zane masu girma suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar ƙafar PCB (Allon Da'ira da aka Buga) don tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitawa. Nuni na'urar ce ta rami tare da ƙugiyoyin da aka ƙera don yin gwaiduwa.
3.2 Haɗin Ƙugiya da Da'ira ta Ciki
LTP-4823JD na'urar ƙugiya 20 ce wacce aka saita azamangama gari anode, nuni mai sau biyu. Wannan yana nufin yana da lambobi masu zaman kansu guda biyu (Hali 1 da Hali 2), kowannensu yana da haɗin anode gama gari. An fitar da katod ɗin sashe ɗaya zuwa ƙugiyoyi daban-daban.
Taƙaitaccen Bayanin Ƙugiya:Ƙugiyoyi 4 da 10 sune gama gari anode na lamba 1 da lamba 2, bi da bi. Sauran ƙugiyoyi (1-3, 5-9, 11-13, 15-20) sune katod na sassuna daban-daban (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, D.P.). An lura ƙugiya 14 a matsayin \"Babu Haɗi\" (N/C). Zanen da'ira na ciki yana nuna tsarin waɗannan LED ɗin tare da haɗin anode gama gari.
Wannan tsarin anode gama gari yana buƙatar da'irar tuƙi don fitar da gudana zuwa ƙugiyar anode gama gari da kuma nutsar da gudana ta ƙugiyoyin katod ɗaya ɗaya don haskaka wani sashe na musamman.
4. Jagororin Yin Gwaiduwa da Taro
Takardar bayanan ta ƙayyade yanayin yin gwaiduwa don hana lalacewa mai zafi yayin taro. Yanayin da aka ba da shawarar shine yin gwaiduwa a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, wanda aka auna a wani batu 1/16 inch (kusan 1.6 mm) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama na kunshin. Yana da mahimmanci kada a wuce matsakaicin ƙididdiga na zafin na'urar a kowane ɓangare na tsarin taro. Ya kamata a koyi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD (Fitowar Lantarki Mai Tsanani) don abubuwan LED.
5. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
5.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
Don tuƙi LTP-4823JD, ana amfani da tsarin haɗawa da yawa saboda tsarinsa na anode gama gari. Ana amfani da microcontroller ko na'urar tuƙi ta nuni ta musamman. An haɗa anode gama gari (ƙugiyoyi 4 da 10) zuwa fitarwa na tushen gudana ko kuma wutar lantarki da aka canza ta hanyar transistors. Ƙugiyoyin katod na sashe an haɗa su zuwa tuƙi masu nutsar da gudana (kamar jerin transistor ko tuƙi IC tare da fitarwa na buɗaɗɗen mai tarawa/ magudanar ruwa).
Ana haɗa nuni ta hanyar saurin canza (bugun jini) wutar lantarki zuwa anode gama gari na kowane lamba yayin gabatar da bayanan sashe masu dacewa akan layukan katod. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙimar sabunta da ta isa don guje wa ƙyalli mai gani (yawanci >60 Hz kowace lamba). Dole ne a yi amfani da resistors masu iyakancewar gudana ga kowane katod na sashe (ko watakila ga kowane anode gama gari, dangane da ƙirar tuƙi) don saita gudanar da gaba da ake so, yawanci tsakanin 1 mA da 20 mA bisa ga buƙatun hasken aikace-aikacen.
5.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Iyakancewar Gudanarwa:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistors na jerin don sarrafa gudanar da sashe. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF, inda VFshine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga takardar bayanan (yi amfani da ƙimar matsakaici don ƙira mai aminci).
- Ragewar Wutar Lantarki:Tabbatar cewa matsakaicin gudana a kowane sashe bai wuce ƙimar 25 mA ba, la'akari da raguwa tare da zafin jiki. Dole ne a sarrafa jimillar wutar lantarki ga duk sassunan da aka haskaka.
- Yanayin Dubawa:Babban bambanci da faɗin kusurwar dubawa sun sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen inda za a iya duba nuni daga kusurwa. Fuskar launin toka tana rage tunanin hasken yanayi.
- Dushewa:Ana iya sarrafa haske ta hanyar daidaitawar faɗin bugun jini (PWM) na gudanar da tuƙi, wanda ya fi inganci da kwanciyar hankali na launi fiye da rage gudanar da analog.
6. Bincike Kan Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanan tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasan halayen lantarki da na gani na yau da kullun. Duk da yake ba a ƙididdige takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, irin waɗannan lanƙwasan gabaɗaya sun haɗa da:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Gudanar da Gaba (IVda IF):Yana nuna yadda haske ke ƙaruwa tare da gudana, yawanci a cikin yanayin ƙasa da layi, yana nuna ma'anar raguwar dawowa.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Gudanar da Gaba (VFda IF):Yana nuna halayen diode na I-V mai ma'ana.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafin Yanayi (IVda Ta):Yana kwatanta yadda fitarwar LED ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, yana mai da hankali kan mahimmancin sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen mai haske ko mai zafi.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zane wanda ke nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, wanda ke kewaye da 650 nm tare da rabin faɗin ~20 nm.
Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba da kuma don inganta da'irar tuƙi don inganci da tsawon rayuwa.
7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
LTP-4823JD ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar fasahar AlInGaP. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun LED ja na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da haske mafi girma don gudanar da tuƙi iri ɗaya ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya. Launin \"ja mai tsanani\" (650nm) sau da yawa yana da ban mamaki a gani kuma yana iya samun ingantaccen aiki a wasu tsarin firikwensin gani. Tsarin sassa 16 yana ba da damar lambobi da haruffa fiye da sauƙaƙan nunin lambobi na sassa 7, yayin da ginin lambobi biyu, na'ura guda ɗaya yana adana sararin allon idan aka kwatanta da raka'a guda ɗaya daban-daban guda biyu.
8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma (650nm) da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi rinjaye (639nm)?
A: Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma shine kololuwar jiki na bakan watsawa. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi rinjaye shine wurin launi da ake gani. Ƙaramin bambanci ya samo asali ne saboda siffar bakan watsawa da lanƙwasa hankalin ido na ɗan adam (CIE). Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi rinjaye ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙi wannan nuni tare da microcontroller 5V ba tare da wasu abubuwan da ke ciki ba?
A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistors na waje masu iyakancewar gudana ga kowane katod na sashe. Haɗa LED kai tsaye zuwa ƙugiyar microcontroller na iya lalata duka LED (daga wuce gona da iri) da kuma ƙugiyar microcontroller (daga wuce iyakar iyakar nutsarwa/tushen sa).
Q: Menene ma'anar \"an rarraba don ƙarfin haske\"?
A: Yana nufin an gwada nunin kuma an rarraba su bisa ga hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gudanar da gwaji. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa tare da matakan haske masu daidaito don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da bayyanar daidaito a cikin raka'a da yawa a cikin samfur.
Q: Ta yaya zan iya samun sarrafa maki goma?
A: Maƙasudin goma (D.P.) wani sashe ne na daban tare da haɗin katod ɗinsa (Ƙugiya 5). Ana sarrafa shi da kansa kamar kowane sashe (A, B, C, da sauransu).
9. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
9.1 Asalin Ka'idar Aiki
LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap ɗinsa, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Launin haske yana ƙaddara ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlInGaP yana da bandgap daidai da hasken ja/rawaya/rawaya. Substrate marar gani yana taimakawa wajen jagorantar mafi yawan hasken da aka samar daga saman na'urar, yana inganta inganci.
9.2 Trends na Masana'antu
Trend a cikin nunin lambobi da haruffa yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, kunshin fasahar haɗawa da fuska (SMT) don taron kai tsaye, kuma wani lokacin haɗa da tuƙi IC a cikin na'urar nuni da kanta. Duk da yake nunin rami kamar LTP-4823JD sun kasance sananne don ƙirar ƙira, ƙira masu dacewa da gyara, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, nau'ikan SMT suna zama mafi yadu a cikin manyan kayan lantarki na mabukaci. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba don ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin haske a kowace watt) da ingantaccen aminci a cikin faɗin yanayin zafi.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |