Takardar Bayani na LTP-2057AKY LED Dot Matrix Display - Tsawon 2.0 Inch (50.8mm) - AlInGaP LED Mai Launin Raɗaɗi - 2.6V Farashin Gaba - 70mW Watsawar Wutar Lantarki - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTP-2057AKY wani nau'in nuni ne na dot matrix mai launi ɗaya wanda aka tsara don gabatar da haruffa da lambobi. Babban aikinsa shine samar da nuni mai tsabta, mai iya karantawa na haruffa da alamomi a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban. Babban fasahar da ke bayan wannan nuni shine amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don ƙananan LED, wanda aka sani da samar da haske mai inganci a cikin bakan launin raɗaɗi. Na'urar tana da fuskar launin toka da launin farin ɗigo, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da iya karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban.

An gina nuni a matsayin matrix na ginshiƙai 5 da layuka 7, wanda ya haifar da jimillar ɗigogi 35 waɗanda za'a iya magance su daban. Wannan tsari daidai ne don nuna haruffan ASCII da alamomi masu sauƙi. Ƙayyadaddun "2.0 inch" yana nufin tsawon harafin, wanda shine milimita 50.8, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar karanta bayanai daga matsakaicin nisa. Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'idar zaɓin X-Y (layi-ginshiƙi), yana ba da damar turawa da yawa don sarrafa ɗigogi ɗaya cikin inganci.

2. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na Gani

Babban ma'aunin haske shine Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), wanda yake da ƙimar al'ada na microcandelas 3600 (µcd) a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na igiyar bugun jini na 32mA da cikakken aiki na 1/16. Wannan yana nuna matakin haske mai girma wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen cikin gida da yawa na waje. Babban Tsawon Tsawon (λd) an ƙayyade shi azaman nanomita 592 (nm), yana tabbatar da sanya hasken da aka fitar a yankin launin raɗaɗi na bakan gani. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) shine 15 nm, wanda ke bayyana tsaftar bakan ko kunkuntar band ɗin tsawon hasken da aka fitar; ƙaramin ƙima yana nuna tushen haske mai launi ɗaya. Na'urar tana ba da kyakkyawan bayyanar haruffa saboda babban haske da babban bambanci, kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin siffofinta.

2.2 Ma'auni na Wutar Lantarki

Halayen wutar lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da yanayi don nuni. Farashin Gaba (Vf) kowane sashe yawanci 2.6V ne a lokacin igiyar gaba (If) na 20mA. A mafi girman igiyar bugun jini na 80mA, Vf yana ƙaruwa zuwa na al'ada 2.8V. Wannan ingantaccen ma'aunin zafin jiki na al'ada ne don halayen LED. Juyawar Juyawa (Ir) don kowane ɗigo matsakaicin microamperes 100 (µA) ne lokacin da aka yi amfani da juyawar juzu'i (Vr) na 5V, yana nuna igiyar zubewa a cikin yanayin kashewa. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken an ƙayyade shi azaman 2:1 matsakaici, wanda ke nufin bambancin haske tsakanin mafi haske da mafi duhu ɗigo a cikin jeri bai kamata ya wuce wannan rabo ba, yana tabbatar da bayyanar iri ɗaya.

2.3 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙima da La'akari da Zazzabi

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ƙayyade iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Matsakaicin Watsawar Wutar Lantarki kowane ɗigo bai kamata ya wuce milliwatts 70 (mW) ba. Matsakaicin Igawar Gaba kowane ɗigo an ƙididdige shi a 60mA, yayin da Matsakaicin Igawar Gaba kowane ɗigo yake 25mA a 25°C. Mahimmanci, wannan matsakaicin ƙimar igiyar ruwa yana raguwa da layi ta 0.33 mA a kowace digiri Celsius sama da 25°C. Wannan lanƙwan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafin jiki; yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin igiyar ci gaba da aka yarda don hana yin zafi da kuma tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci. Kewayon Yanayin Aiki da Ajiya daga -35°C zuwa +85°C, yana ayyana yanayin muhalli don amfani da rashin aiki. Matsakaicin zafin solder shine 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 3, wanda shine daidaitaccen buƙatun bayanin reflow solder.

3. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

An ba da girman jiki na fakitin nuni a cikin zane mai cikakken bayani (wanda aka ambata a cikin takardar bayani). Duk ma'auni an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Wannan ya haɗa da jimillar tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar tsakanin fil, da matsayin yankin matrix ɗigo dangane da gefuna na fakitin. Fakitin yana ɗauke da jerin LED 5x7 kuma yana samar da tsarin injiniya da haɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar fil.

4. Haɗin Pin da Da'irar Ciki

Na'urar tana da tsarin fil 14. An ƙayyade pinout a sarari: An sanya fil a matsayin anodes don takamaiman ginshiƙai da cathodes don takamaiman layuka. Misali, Pin 1 shine cathode na Layi 5, Pin 3 shine anode na Ginshiƙi 2, da sauransu. Wannan tsari na musamman yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar turawa ta waje. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna cewa an tsara ɗigogi na LED a cikin tsarin matrix na cathode gama gari. An haɗa anode na kowane LED zuwa layin ginshiƙi, kuma an haɗa cathode ɗinsa zuwa layin layi. Don haskaka takamaiman ɗigo, dole ne a tuƙi layin ginshiƙi ɗin da ya dace sama (anode tabbatacce), kuma dole ne a tuƙi layin layin ƙasa (cathode ƙasa).

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Takardar bayani tana ba da ma'auni mai mahimmanci don tsarin haɗawa: zafin solder. Na'urar na iya jure matsakaicin zafin 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon dakika 3, wanda aka auna a 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da wurin zama na fakitin. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don saita bayanin tanda na reflow solder. Daidaitaccen bayanin reflow mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki kusan 250°C yawanci ya dace. Tsawaita bayyanar da yanayin zafi sama da wannan iyaka na iya lalata haɗin waya na ciki, ƙananan LED, ko kayan fakitin filastik.

6. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan nuni na dot matrix 5x7 ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karantawar haruffa da lambobi masu sauƙi, masu tsayayyen rubutu. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da fale-falen sarrafa masana'antu don nuna saiti, lambobin matsayi, ko saƙonnin kuskure. Ana iya samun shi a cikin kayan aikin gwaji da ma'auni, kayan lantarki na mabukaci kamar tsofaffin kayan aikin sauti ko na'urori, da fale-falen kayan aikin daban-daban. Ana zaɓen launin raɗaɗi sau da yawa saboda kyakkyawan ganuwa da ƙarancin ƙarfin haske da ake gani a cikin yanayi mara haske idan aka kwatanta da kore ko shuɗi mai tsabta.

6.2 Abubuwan da ake La'akari da su a Zane

Zane tare da wannan nuni yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau ga da'irar turawa. Tunda matrix ce mai yawa, microcontroller ko keɓaɓɓen direban nuni IC ya zama dole don bin layuka da ginshiƙai a jere. Masu iyakancewar yanzu sun zama dole ga kowane layin ginshiƙi (anode) don saita igiyar gaba don LEDs, yawanci zuwa shawarwarin 20mA na matsakaici. Dole ne a mutunta lanƙwan lanƙwasa don igiyar gaba dangane da tsammanin matsakaicin yanayin yanayi a cikin akwatin samfur. Hutu ko iska na iya zama dole idan ana aiki kusa da iyakar zafin sama. Tsarin haɗakarwa kuma yana shafar bayyanar haske; ana iya amfani da mafi girman cikakken aiki ko matsakaicin igiyar ruwa don rama ƙarancin lokacin kunna kowane LED, amma koyaushe a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙima.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Babban abin da ya bambanta LTP-2057AKY shine amfani da fasahar LED ta AlInGaP. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun Gallium Phosphide (GaP) LEDs da ake amfani da su don raɗaɗi/rawaya, AlInGaP yana ba da inganci mai haske sosai. Wannan yana fassara zuwa mafi girman haske don igiyar turawa iri ɗaya ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don matakin haske iri ɗaya. Siffar "babban haske & babban bambanci" sakamako ne kai tsaye na wannan fa'idar kayan. Fuskar launin toka tare da farin ɗigogi yana ƙara haɓaka rabon bambanci, yana sa haruffa su bayyana da kaifi da ƙayyadaddun bayani, musamman a cikin yanayin haske mai haske.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Menene manufar cikakken aiki na 1/16 a cikin yanayin gwajin ƙarfin haske?
A: Ana amfani da cikakken aiki na 1/16 (misali, bugun jini) saboda an tsara nuni don aiki da yawa. A cikin matrix 5x7, tsarin haɗakarwa na gama gari zai iya duba layi ɗaya a lokaci guda. Idan an duba duk layuka 7 daidai, kowane layi (don haka kowane LED) yana aiki na kusan 1/7 na lokaci. Cikakken aiki na 1/16 a cikin gwajin yanayin daidaitacce ne don auna matsakaicin haske na LED guda ɗaya lokacin da aka kunna shi a taƙaice, wanda ke da alaƙa da hasken da ake gani a cikin tsarin da yawa.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara ƙayyadaddun Farashin Gaba yana da ƙimar igiyoyi daban-daban guda biyu?
A: Farashin Gaba (Vf) ba tsayayye ba ne; yana ƙaruwa tare da yanzu. Takardar bayani tana ba da maki bayanai guda biyu: ƙimar al'ada a daidaitaccen igiyar aiki (20mA) da wani a mafi girman igiyar bugun jini (80mA) wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin tsarin da yawa don cimma mafi girman haske da ake gani. Dole ne masu zane su tabbatar da cewa da'irar direbansu na iya samar da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata, musamman lokacin amfani da igiyoyin bugun jini mafi girma.

Q: Me yasa raguwar yanzu sama da 25°C ya zama dole?
A: LEDs suna samar da zafi a ciki. Haɗin semiconductor yana da matsakaicin yanayin zafin aiki. Yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi, ikon fakitin na watsar da wannan zafin ciki yana raguwa. Don hana yanayin haɗin ya wuce iyakarsa ta aminci, wanda zai rage tsawon rayuwa ko haifar da gazawar nan take, dole ne a rage matsakaicin igiyar ci gaba da aka yarda. Abin da aka rage na 0.33 mA/°C yana ba da jagora don wannan raguwa.

9. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar mai sarrafa zafin jiki mai sauƙi tare da karatun lambobi. Microcontroller zai karanta firikwensin zafin jiki, aiwatar da algorithm na sarrafawa, da kuma turawa nuni na LTP-2057AKY don nuna zafin jiki na yanzu (misali, "23 C"). Tashoshin I/O na microcontroller, waɗanda aka tsara tare da damar da suka dace na nutsewa da samun yanzu, za a haɗa su zuwa layuka da ginshiƙai na nuni ta hanyar masu iyakancewar yanzu. Firmware zai aiwatar da tsarin duba: zai saita layin layi ɗaya ƙasa (mai aiki) yayin sanya tsarin wannan layi akan layukan ginshiƙai biyar, jira ɗan gajeren lokaci, sannan ya matsa zuwa layi na gaba. Wannan zagayowar yana maimaitawa cikin sauri, yana haifar da hoto na gani mai dorewa. Launin raɗaɗi yana ba da ganuwa a sarari akan panel ɗin sarrafawa. Dole ne mai zane ya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor dangane da wutar lantarki da igiyar LED da ake so (misali, 20mA), la'akari da raguwar Vf da fitarwar wutar lantarki na microcontroller.

10. Gabatarwar Ka'idoji

Ka'idar aiki ta dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta gaba wacce ta wuce kofa ta diode a kan ɗigon LED na AlInGaP, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda yayi daidai da tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, raɗaɗi mai launin raɗaɗi a 592 nm. Substrate na GaAs mai bayyana yana ba da damar ƙarin haske ya tsere, yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi girman inganci na waje. Tsarin matrix 5x7 hanya ce mai amfani don samar da haruffa ta hanyar haskaka wani yanki na ɗigogi 35 da ake da su.

11. Hanyoyin Ci Gaba

Yayin da keɓaɓɓun nunin dot matrix 5x7 kamar LTP-2057AKY ke ci gaba da amfani da su don takamaiman aikace-aikace, babban yanayin fasahar nuni ya koma zuwa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da LCDs (Nunin Crystal Liquid) da OLEDs (Diodes masu fitar da haske na Organic) waɗanda ke ba da cikakken zane-zane masu iya magance ɗigo, mafi girman ƙuduri, da ikon nuna ƙarin bayanai masu rikitarwa. Don nunin haruffa na LED, fakitin na'urar da aka haɗa (SMD) da ƙungiyoyi masu lambobi da yawa tare da haɗaɗɗun masu sarrafawa sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, suna sauƙaƙa ƙira da haɗawa. Duk da haka, fa'idodin asali na LEDs—babban haske, dogon rayuwa, da ƙarfi—suna tabbatar da cewa suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu dacewa, musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi ko inda ake buƙatar ganuwa a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Tsarin kayan AlInGaP da kansa ya ga ci gaba da haɓaka inganci kuma an yi nasara da shi sosai ta hanyar ƙarin ingantattun kayan kamar InGaN don shuɗi/kore/fari da AlInGaP don ja/raɗaɗi, amma yana wakiltar muhimmin mataki na tarihi a cikin haɓakar LED mai haske mai haske.