ALS-PD70-01C/TR7 Na'urar Gano Haske na Muhalli - Girman 4.4x3.9x1.2mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.5V zuwa 5.5V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ALS-PD70-01C/TR7 na'urar gano haske ce ta muhalli da ake haɗawa a saman. Ya ƙunshi photodiode da ke cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD, wanda aka yi da kayan da ba su da ruwa tare da saman lebur. An ƙera wannan na'urar gano a matsayin ingantaccen mafita don ceton wutar lantarki a cikin aikace-aikacen hasken baya na nuni don kayan aikin hannu, kamar wayoyin hannu da PDAs. Babban fasali shine babban ragin ragin radiyon infrared, wanda ke haifar da amsa na bakan haske wanda ya yi kama da na idon ɗan adam.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Kusa da amsa na bakan haske na idon ɗan adam.
• Ƙananan bambancin hankali a cikin nau'ikan haskoki daban-daban.
• Faɗin kewayon zazzabin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Faɗin kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai bayarwa daga 2.5V zuwa 5.5V.
• Girman ƙanƙanta: 4.4mm (L) x 3.9mm (W) x 1.2mm (H).
• Yana bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da Halogen-Free (Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, Br+Cl<1500 ppm).

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace da Ake Nufi

Ana nufin wannan na'urar gano da farko ga na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto da masu kula da makamashi. Babban aikace-aikacensa sun haɗa da:

• Gano hasken muhalli don sarrafa hasken baya na nunin TFT LCD don ceton wutar lantarki.
• Tsarin sarrafa hasken gida da na kasuwanci ta atomatik.
• Haɓaka bambanci ta atomatik don allunan alamar lantarki.
• Na'urorin sa ido kan hasken muhalli don yanayin hasken rana da na wucin gadi.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a waje da waɗannan yanayi ba.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Koma Baya (V_BR): 35 V (a I_R=100µA). Wannan yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na koma baya da photodiode zai iya jurewa kafin rushewa.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): 0.5 V zuwa 1.3 V (a I_F=10mA). Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan diode lokacin da aka yi masa fifiko, wanda ya dace da gwaji amma ba al'ada ba a cikin yanayin aikin photoconductive.
• Zazzabin Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zazzabin Ajiya (T_stq): -40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zazzabin Solder (T_sol): 260°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin solder na reflow.

2.2 Yanayin Aiki da Ake Shawarar

An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikin waɗannan yanayi don tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun aiki.

• Zazzabin Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C.

2.3 Halaye na Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a T_a=25°C kuma suna bayyana babban aikin na'urar gano.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Duhu (I_D): Typ. 2 nA, Max. 10 nA (a V_R=5V, E_V=0 Lux). Wannan shine ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yayyagewa lokacin da babu haske. Ƙananan ƙima ya fi kyau don hankali a cikin yanayi mara haske.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske (I_L1): Typ. 1.1 µA (a V_R=5V, E_V=100 Lux, Haske Mai Farin Fluorescent/LED). Wannan shine photocurrent da aka samar a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun haske.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske (I_L2): Typ. 9.5 µA (a V_R=5V, E_V=1000 Lux, Haske Mai Farin Fluorescent/LED).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske (I_L3): Typ. 12 µA (a V_R=5V, E_V=1000 Lux, CIE Standard Illuminant-A / 2856K incandescent fitila). Bambanci tsakanin I_L2da I_L3yana nuna bambancin amsa na na'urar gano zuwa nau'ikan haskoki daban-daban.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Hankali (λ_p): Typ. 630 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da matsakaicin amsa na na'urar gano yana cikin yankin jan-orange na gani, wanda ya yi daidai da hankalin idon ɗan adam.
• Kewayon Tsawon Zango na Hankali (λ): 390 nm zuwa 700 nm. Wannan ya ƙunshi mafi yawan bakan haske na gani, tare da ƙin yarda da infrared (IR) da ultraviolet (UV) haske.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayanai yana nuni zuwa da yawa na lankwasan halaye na lantarki da na gani waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin zane.

3.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske vs. Haske

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin fitarwa photocurrent da matakin hasken muhalli (a cikin Lux). Yawanci yana da layi a cikin faɗin kewayon, yana ba da damar daidaita matakan haske a cikin aikace-aikace. Gangaren wannan lankwasa yana wakiltar hankalin na'urar gano.

3.2 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Duhu vs. Zazzabi

Wannan jadawali yana kwatanta yadda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu (I_D) ke ƙaruwa da zazzabi. Tunda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na duhu yana aiki azaman amo, fahimtar wannan alaƙa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayin zazzabi don tabbatar da daidaitaccen karatun ƙarancin haske.

3.3 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske vs. Zazzabi

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna bambancin photocurrent tare da zazzabi a ƙayyadadden haske. Ana sa ran wasu dogaro da zazzabi, kuma wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irori masu ramawa da zazzabi idan ana buƙatar daidaito mai girma a cikin cikakken kewayon aiki.

3.4 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Haske vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Bayarwa

Wannan makircin yana nuna kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa photocurrent akan kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai bayarwa da aka ba da shawarar (2.5V zuwa 5.5V). Tsayayyen fitarwa a cikin bambancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana sauƙaƙe zane na wutar lantarki.

3.5 Amsa na Bakan Haske

Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi mahimmancin jadawali. Yana zana hankalin dangi na na'urar gano akan tsawon zango. Lankwasa ya kamata ya kai kusan 630 nm (kamar yadda aka ƙayyade) kuma ya nuna kaifi bayan 700 nm, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙin yarda da IR. Kwatanta wannan lankwasa zuwa aikin haske na CIE photopic (daidaitaccen amsa idon ɗan adam) yana tabbatar da da'awar "kusa da amsa idon ɗan adam."

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar gano ta zo a cikin kunshin haɗawa saman. Babban girmansa shine:

• Tsayi (L): 4.4 mm ±0.1 mm
• Faɗi (W): 3.9 mm ±0.1 mm
• Tsayi (H): 1.2 mm

Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya a cikin takardun bayanai suna ba da daidaitattun ma'auni don ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa, gami da girman pad da tazara, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB da amincin haɗin solder.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Zanen takardun bayanai yana nuna alamun cathode da anode akan jikin kunshin. Daidaitaccen jagorar polarity yayin haɗawa yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira mai kyau.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Ma'auni na Solder na Reflow

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ma'auni don zazzabin solder shine 260°C. Wannan yana nufin na'urar za ta iya jurewa yanayin reflow mara gubar. Masu zane ya kamata su bi daidaitattun ayyukan solder na reflow na SMD, suna tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin zazzabi bai wuce 260°C ba kuma lokacin da ya wuce ruwa ana sarrafa shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun haɗin PCB.

5.2 Sarrafawa da Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin jakar shinge ta asali a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin zazzabin ajiya (-40°C zuwa +85°C). Ya kamata a kiyaye matakan ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

• Kunshin Daidaitacce: 1000 guda a kowace juzu'i/jaka.
• Kunshin Akwati: 10 akwati a kowace akwati.
• Kunshin Reel: Ana samun 1000 guda a kowace reel don haɗawar zaɓi da sanyawa ta atomatik.

6.2 Tsarin Alama da Bincike

Alamar kunshin ta haɗa da filaye don bincike da ganewa:

• CPN (Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki)
• P/N (Lambar Samfur: ALS-PD70-01C/TR7)
• QTY (Yawan Kunshin)
• CAT (Matsayi - mai yiwuwa don rarraba aiki)
• HUE (Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango)
• REF (Tunani)
• LOT No (Lambar Rukuni don bincike)

7. Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da Zane na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irar Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Na'urar gano tana aiki a cikin yanayin photoconductive. Da'irar aikace-aikace ta al'ada ta ƙunshi haɗa photodiode a cikin karkatar da baya (cathode zuwa V_CC, anode zuwa amplifier na transimpedance ko resistor na ja-ƙasa). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka samar yana daidai da ƙarfin haske. Za a iya canza wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta amfani da resistor ko ƙarin ingantaccen amplifier na transimpedance na tushen aiki (TIA) don mafi kyawun hankali da bandwidth.

7.2 Bayanin Kula da Zane

• Bias: Tabbatar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na koma baya (V_R) yana cikin kewayon 2.5V zuwa 5.5V. Ana ba da shawarar samar da wutar lantarki mai tsayayye don karatun daidaito.
• Yanayin Siginar: Fitarwa ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ne (microamps). Ana buƙatar shimfidar PCB mai kyau don rage ɗaukar amo. Kariya ga na'urar gano daga tushen IR kai tsaye (kamar hasken rana ko fitilun incandescent) na iya inganta daidaito saboda ƙin yarda da IR, amma wasu dogaro na bakan suna nan (kamar yadda aka gani a I_L2vs. I_L3).
• Daidaitawa: Saboda bambance-bambancen al'ada da rashin fahimtar haske ta ɗan adam, daidaitawar samfur na ƙarshe akan sanannen tushen haske yakan zama dole don daidaitaccen auna Lux.
• Zane na Gani: Kunshin "ruwa mai tsabta" mai saman lebur na iya buƙatar jagorar haske ko mai watsawa a cikin samfur na ƙarshe don tabbatar da cewa na'urar gano ta karɓi samfurin wakilci na hasken muhalli kuma ba ta shafar tushen batu ko inuwa ba.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

ALS-PD70-01C/TR7 ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa da mahimman fasali:

• Amsa Idon Dan Adam: Ba kamar photodiodes masu sauƙi ba, amsarsa da aka tace yana rage hankalin IR, yana sa fitarwa ya fi amfani kai tsaye ga ayyukan fahimtar haske ba tare da gyaran software mai rikitarwa ba.
• Faɗin Kewayon Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Kewayon 2.5V zuwa 5.5V yana ba shi damar amfani da shi kai tsaye tare da tsarin dabaru na 3.3V da 5V na gama gari a cikin microcontrollers, yana kawar da buƙatar mai canza mataki ko mai sarrafa.
• Aiki Mai Ƙarfi na Zazzabi: Ƙayyadadden kewayon aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen mota, masana'antu, da na waje, fiye da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci na al'ada.
• Bin Ka'idoji: Cikakken bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) abin tilas ne ga yawancin kasuwanni na duniya a yau.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Mafi Yawa (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Yaya daidai ake auna Lux da wannan na'urar gano?

Na'urar gano tana ba da photocurrent daidai da ƙarfin haske. Don daidaitaccen auna Lux, daidaitawa akan ma'aunin haske na tunani a ƙarƙashin takamaiman nau'in tushen haske (misali, hasken rana, fluorescent, LED) da ake amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikace yana da mahimmanci. Takardun bayanai yana ba da amsa na al'ada a ƙarƙashin tushe daban-daban (duba I_L2da I_L3), yana nuna dogaro na asali na bakan kowane na'urar gano haske.

9.2 Shin za a iya amfani da shi a waje a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye?

Yayin da kewayon zazzabin aiki ya ba shi damar, hasken rana kai tsaye yana da abun ciki na IR sosai. Ƙin yarda da IR na na'urar gano yana taimakawa, amma matakin haske a cikin rana kai tsaye (sau da yawa >50,000 Lux) na iya cika na'urar gano ko matakin amplifier mai zuwa. Mai raguwa na gani (tace mai tsaka tsaki) ko zaɓin kewayon a hankali a cikin da'irar yanayin siginar zai zama dole.

9.3 Menene manufar "CAT" da "HUE" akan alamar?

Waɗannan suna iya nuna rarraba aiki. "CAT" (Rukuni/Matsayi) na iya rarraba na'urori bisa ga hankalin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na haske (misali, mafi girma/ƙananan fitarwa a ƙayyadadden yanayin gwaji). "HUE" (Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango) yana rarraba na'urori bisa daidai tsawon zango na matsakaicin hankali na bakan (kusa da na al'ada 630 nm). Wannan yana ba masana'anta damar zaɓar na'urori masu gano tare da madaidaicin daidaiton aiki don samarwa mai yawa.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Dusar ƙanƙara ta Atomatik na Hasken Baya don Na'urar Hannu

Ana sanya ALS-PD70-01C/TR7 a bayan ƙaramin buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido ko jagorar haske akan bezel na'urar. An haɗa shi zuwa mai canza analog-zuwa-lambar (ADC) na microcontroller ta hanyar resistor mai sauƙi. Firmware na microcontroller yana karanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki lokaci-lokaci, wanda yayi daidai da matakin hasken muhalli. Dangane da teburin bincike da aka riga aka shirya ko algorithm (sau da yawa yana kwaikwayi lankwasa fahimtar ɗan adam na logarithmic), microcontroller yana daidaita PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) aikin aiki wanda ke motsa hasken baya na LED na nuni. A cikin ɗaki mai duhu, hasken baya yana dushe don ceton wutar lantarki da rage damuwa ido. A cikin hasken rana mai haske, yana ƙaruwa zuwa matsakaici don karantawa. Saurin amsa na na'urar gano da hankalin kamar idon ɗan adam suna tabbatar da daidaitattun gyare-gyare masu santsi da kamannin yanayi a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban (ofis fluorescent, LED na gida, rana na waje).

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar photodiode ce ta silicon. Lokacin da photons tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na silicon suka buga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa. A ƙarƙashin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na koma baya, waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sharewa a kan haɗin gwiwa, suna haifar da photocurrent mai aunawa wanda yake daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru (a kan faɗin kewayon). Kunshin ya haɗa da tacewa na gani wanda ke raguwa tsawon zango na infrared, yana siffanta amsa na bakan don kusanta da amsa na photopic na idon ɗan adam.

12. Trends na Masana'antu

Gano hasken muhalli fasaha ce mai girma amma tana ci gaba. Trends na yanzu sun haɗa da:

• Haɗawa: Haɗa photodiode, amplifier, ADC, da dabaru na dijital (I2C/SPI interface) cikin guntu ɗaya don ƙirƙirar na'urori masu gano haske na dijital. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe zane amma yana iya cinikin wasu aiki ko sassauci.
• Gano Kusanci: Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi da LED na IR don ƙirƙirar na'urar gano kusanci, ana amfani da shi don fasali kamar kashe nuni yayin kiran waya.
• Gano Flicker: Na'urori masu gano masu ci gaba za su iya gano mitar flicker na haske na wucin gadi (misali, daga LEDs ko fluorescents) don ba da damar kyamarori su daidaita saurin rufewa da rage tasirin banding.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Ƙarfi: Don aikace-aikacen kullum a cikin na'urorin IoT, ana buƙatar na'urori masu gano tare da matakin quiescent na nanoamp.

ALS-PD70-01C/TR7 yana wakiltar mafita mai rarrabuwa mai inganci, yana ba da sassauci na zane da ingantaccen aikin analog don aikace-aikacen inda waɗannan abubuwan suka fi fifiko fiye da haɗawa.