EL 2020 Cube Light LED Bayanin Fasaha - SMD - Farin Sanyi - 50lm @ 140mA - 3.0V - Kallon 120° - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

EL 2020 Cube Light LED ne mai ingantaccen aiki, na'urar haɗawa ta saman allo (SMD) wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen fitilun motoci masu buƙatu. Wannan ɓangaren yana wakiltar madaidaiciyar hanyar samar da haske ta hanyar ƙarfe (solid-state) mai aminci, yana ba da ma'auni na ƙarfin haske, inganci, da ƙarfi da ake buƙata don tsarin motoci na zamani. Manufar ƙirarsa ta tsakiya ita ce samar da aiki mai daidaito a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai faɗi da kuma yanayi mai tsanani kamar yadda ake samu a cikin motoci.

Ana ba da wannan LED a cikin yanayin zafin launi mai sanyi (Cool White), wanda aka yi niyya don aikace-aikace inda ake son haske mai haske, tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan shuɗi. An tsara kunshin don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, yana sauƙaƙe samarwa mai yawa. Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar ita ce bin ka'idojin gwajin damuwa na AEC-Q102 don semiconductors na gani da lantarki (optoelectronic), wanda shine ma'auni na masana'antu don sassan motoci. Wannan yana tabbatar da matakin aminci da tsawon rayuwa wanda ya cika ko ya wuce buƙatun masana'antar mota (OEM).

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Lantarki

Babban sifa na haske shine matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na lumens 50 (lm) lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 140 mA. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da ƙayyadaddun iyakar auna na ±8% don ƙarfin haske, wanda ke lissafin bambance-bambancen samarwa na yau da kullun. Ƙananan da mafi girman ƙima a ƙarƙashin yanayi ɗaya sune 45 lm da 70 lm, bi da bi, suna ayyana taga aikin.

A fuskar lantarki, na'urar tana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) na volts 3.0 a 140 mA, tare da kewayon daga 2.75 V zuwa 3.5 V. Ƙayyadaddun iyakar auna ƙarfin lantarki na gaba an ƙayyade shi azaman ±0.05V. Na'urar tana da faɗin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga mafi ƙarancin 10 mA har zuwa matsakaicin iyakar ƙima na 250 mA. Aikin gani yana da siffa ta faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 (tare da iyakar ±5°), yana ba da tsarin watsawa mai faɗi, daidaitacce wanda ya dace da nau'ikan haske daban-daban.

2.2 Ma'auni na Zafi da Matsakaicin Iyaka

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa. Bayanin fasaha ya ƙayyade ƙimar juriya na zafi guda biyu: ainihin juriya na zafi (R_{th JS real}) daga haɗin zuwa wurin solder yawanci 24 K/W (matsakaicin 32 K/W), yayin da ƙimar da aka samo ta hanyar lantarki (R_{th JS el}) yawanci 17 K/W (matsakaicin 23 K/W). Ƙananan ƙimar lantarki sau da yawa tana aiki azaman jagorar ƙira mai tsauri.

Matsakaicin iyakokin ƙima suna ayyana iyakokin aiki waɗanda ba dole ba ne a wuce su don hana lalacewa ta dindindin. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 875 mW
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_F): 250 mA (ci gaba)
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Ƙarfafawa (I_FM): 750 mA don bugun lantarki ≤10 μs a ƙananan aikin aiki (D=0.005)
• Zafin Haɗin (T_J): 150 °C
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya: -40 °C zuwa +125 °C
• Hankalin ESD (HBM): 8 kV
• Zafin Solder na Reflow: Matsakaicin zafin 260°C na daƙiƙa 30 mafi ƙarancin

Bin waɗannan iyakokin yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai aminci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe (Binning)

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen samarwa da ba da damar ƙira na tsarin daidaitacce, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki bisa mahimman sigogi.

3.1 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux Binning)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon aiki uku:

• F4:45 lm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 52 lm (Mafi girma)
• F5:52 lm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 60 lm (Mafi girma)
• F6:60 lm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 70 lm (Mafi girma)

Matsakaicin ƙimar 50 lm yana cikin kwandon aikin F4. Dole ne masu ƙira su zaɓi kwandon aikin da ya dace bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Lantarki (Forward Voltage Binning)

Ana kuma rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irar mai turawa da sarrafa wutar lantarki:

• 2730:2.75 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 3.0 V (Mafi girma)
• 3032:3.0 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 3.25 V (Mafi girma)
• 3235:3.25 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 3.5 V (Mafi girma)

3.3 Rarrabe Launi (Chromaticity Binning)

An ayyana fitar da Farin Sanyi a cikin sararin launi na CIE 1931. Bayanin fasaha yana ba da daidaitattun madaidaitan kwandon aiki huɗu daban-daban (63M, 61M, 58M, 56M) waɗanda suka dace da kewayon zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT):

• 63M:~6100K zuwa 6600K
• 61M:~5800K zuwa 6300K
• 58M:~5600K zuwa 6100K
• 56M:~5300K zuwa 5800K

Hoton hoto akan zanen chromaticity na CIE yana nuna waɗannan kwandon aiki a matsayin murabba'ai. Ƙayyadaddun iyakar auna don daidaitawar launi shine ±0.005. Wannan rarrabuwar tana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LEDs da yawa a cikin taro.

4. Bincike na Lissafin Aiki (Performance Curve)

4.1 Lissafin IV da Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka

Lissafin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna alaƙar halayyar ƙima. A matsakaicin wurin aiki na 140 mA, V_Fyana kusan 3.0V. Lissafin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.

Lissafin Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙasa da layi tare da ƙarfin lantarki. Yayin da fitarwa ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, inganci (lumens a kowace watt) yawanci yana raguwa a manyan ƙarfin lantarki saboda ƙaruwar zafin haɗin da sauran abubuwa. An daidaita lissafin zuwa ƙarfin haske a 140 mA.

4.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Lissafai biyu masu mahimmanci suna kwatanta bambancin aiki tare da zafin haɗin (T_j).

• Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Haɗin:Yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da T_jya ƙaru. Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye hasken da ake so.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Haɗin:Yana nuna cewa V_Fyana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau, yana raguwa a layi daya yayin da T_jya tashi. Wannan kadarori wani lokaci ana iya amfani da shi don jin zafi.
• Canjin Launi da Zafin Haɗin:Yana zana canjin daidaitawar CIE x da y, yana nuna ƙaramin canji a cikin kewayon zafin, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kwanciyar hankali na launi.

4.3 Rarraba Haske (Spectral Distribution) da Tsarin Watsawa (Radiation Pattern)

Lissafin Rarraba Haske Mai Dangantaka yana zana ƙarfi akan tsawon zango daga 400nm zuwa 800nm. Yana nuna kololuwa a yankin shuɗi (kusa da 450-455nm) daga fitarwar farko na guntu na LED, tare da mafi girman kololuwa na biyu a yankin rawaya (kusa da 550-600nm) wanda aka samar ta hanyar rufin phosphor, wanda ya haɗu don samar da hasken Farin Sanyi.

Zanen Halayen Watsawa na Yau da Kullun yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo na 120° a zahiri, yana nuna rarraba kusurwar ƙarfin haske dangane da layin tsakiya (0°).

4.4 Ragewa (Derating) da Sarrafa Bugun Lantarki (Pulse Handling)

Lissafin Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci na ƙira. Yana zana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka halatta akan zafin gindin solder (T_S). Yayin da T_Sya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka halatta don hana wuce T_J(matsakaicin) na 150°C. Misali, a T_Sna 125°C, matsakaicin I_Fshine 250 mA.

Lissafin Ƙarfin Sarrafa Bugun Lantarki da Aka Halatta yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin bugun lantarki (I_FP) da aka halatta don ƙayyadaddun faɗin bugun lantarki (t_p) da aikin aiki (D), tare da wurin solder a 25°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace masu amfani da tsare-tsaren turawa na bugun lantarki.

5. Bayanin Injiniya, Kunshin, da Haɗawa

5.1 Girman Injiniya

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da cikakken zanen injiniya na kunshin LED. Manyan girma (a cikin milimita) suna ayyana sawun ƙafa, tsayi, da matsayin jagora. Iyakoki yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade su daban. Zanen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun ƙafar PCB da kuma tabbatar da dacewa daidai a cikin taro na ƙarshe.

5.2 Tsarin Gindin Solder da Ake Ba da Shawara

Wani zanen daban yana ba da tsarin gindin tagulla da aka ba da shawarar akan PCB don mafi kyawun solder. Wannan ya haɗa da girman gindi da tazara don tashoshin lantarki da gindin zafi. Bin wannan shawarar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder mai kyau, canja wurin zafi mai kyau zuwa PCB, da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

6. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa, da Sarrafawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ƙididdige ɓangaren don matsakaicin zafin reflow na 260°C na daƙiƙa 30. Yakamata a yi amfani da bayanin reflow na yau da kullun, tare da sarrafa yanayin dumama, jiƙa, reflow, da matakan sanyaya don rage girgizar zafi da kuma tabbatar da haɗin solder masu aminci ba tare da lalata kunshin LED ko kayan ciki ba.

6.2 Abubuwan Da Ake Bukatar Kiyayewa Lokacin Amfani

Abubuwan kiyayewa na gabaɗaya sun haɗa da guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan kunshin, hana gurɓatar ruwan tabarau, da amfani da ingantattun sarrafa ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa, saboda an ƙididdige na'urar don ESD na 8kV HBM.

6.3 Hatsarin Danshi da Ajiya

LED yana da Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) na 2. Wannan yana nufin ana iya fallasa kunshin zuwa yanayin bene na masana'anta (≤30°C/60% RH) har zuwa shekara guda kafin a buƙaci gasa kafin solder reflow. Don ajiya mai tsawo ko bayan an buɗe jakar, yakamata a bi takamaiman hanyoyin gasa bisa ka'idojin IPC/JEDEC don hana "gwaɓa" yayin reflow.

7. Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli da Amincewa

Na'urar tana bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari) da ƙa'idodin REACH. An kuma ƙayyade shi azaman Ba shi da Halogen, tare da iyakoki akan abun ciki na Bromine (Br) da Chlorine (Cl) (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl <1500 ppm).

Wani sifa mai mahimmanci na aminci shine aikinsa a cikin yanayi mai arzikin sulfur. Na'urar ta cika ka'idojin Gwajin Sulfur Class A1, yana nuna babban juriya ga lalata da sulfur na yanayi ke haifarwa, wanda ke da damuwa na yau da kullun a cikin motoci da saitunan masana'antu.

8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

8.1 Babban Aikace-aikace: Fitilun Mota

Babban aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya shine fitilun mota. Yuwuwar amfanin ya haɗa da hasken ciki (fitilun ɗaki, fitilun taswira, hasken ƙafar ƙafa, hasken yanayi), siginar waje (fitilun tsakiyar tsayi - CHMSL), da yuwuwar ƙarin haske. Ingantaccen AEC-Q102, faɗin kewayon zafi, da juriya ga sulfur sun sa ya dace da waɗannan yanayi masu tsanani.

8.2 Ƙirar Da'irar Mai Turawa (Driver Circuit)

Dole ne masu ƙira su aiwatar da da'irar mai turawa mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun, ba wadatar ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi ba, don tabbatar da fitar da haske mai ƙarfi da hana guduwar zafi. Yakamata a ƙera mai turawa don ɗaukar kewayon kwandon aikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Sarrafa zafi ba shi da sasantawa; Dole ne PCB ya samar da ingantacciyar hanyar zafi daga gindin zafin LED zuwa ma'aunin zafi ko filayen tagulla na allon don kiyaye zafin haɗin a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan ƙarfin lantarki ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi.

8.3 Ƙirar Haske (Optical Design)

Kusurwar kallo na 120° tana ba da sassauci. Don aikace-aikace masu buƙatar hasken da aka mayar da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (masu nuni, ruwan tabarau). Faɗin kusurwa yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikace masu buƙatar haske mai daidaito, watsawa a kan yanki.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Matsayi

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na kasuwanci na yau da kullun, manyan abubuwan banbance-banbance na wannan ɓangaren sune ingancin sa na mota (AEC-Q102), faɗaɗa kewayon yanayin aiki (-40°C zuwa +125°C), da takamaiman juriya ga lalata sulfur. Waɗannan fasalulluka suna zuwa ne da farashin da ya fi girma amma wajibi ne don ka'idojin aminci da aminci na mota. A cikin kasuwar LED na mota, fitar da 50lm a 140mA yana sanya shi azaman na'urar matsakaicin ƙarfi wacce ta dace da aikace-aikace masu yawa fiye da ayyukan nuni masu sauƙi.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

Q: Menene matsakaicin inganci (lumens a kowace watt) na wannan LED?

A: A matsakaicin wurin aiki (140mA, 3.0V, 50lm), ƙarfin shigarwa shine 0.42W (140mA * 3.0V). Ingancin yana kusan 119 lm/W (50lm / 0.42W).

Q: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED da baturin mota 12V kai tsaye?

A: A'a. LED yana buƙatar mai turawa mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen 12V zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, ya lalata na'urar nan take. Ana buƙatar da'irar mai turawa wacce ke daidaita ƙarfin lantarki zuwa matakin da ake so (misali, 140mA).

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar juriya na zafi daban-daban guda biyu?

A> Yi amfani da mafi girma, ƙimar juriya na zafi na "gaskiya" (R_{th JS real}misali 24 K/W) don lissafin ƙirar zafi mai tsauri. Ƙimar lantarki an samo ta daga dabarar aunawa kuma yawanci tana da ƙasa.

Q: Menene MSL 2 ke nufi ga tsarin samarwa na?

A> MSL 2 yana nufin ana iya adana sassan a cikin jakarsu mai kariya da danshi har zuwa watanni 12 a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sarrafawa (≤30°C/60%RH). Da zarar an buɗe jakar, yawanci kuna da mako 1 don kammala solder reflow kafin sassan su buƙaci gasa.

11. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar fitilar ɗaki na cikin mota.

Mai ƙira yana buƙatar haske mai haske, farin haske don taron fitilar ɗaki. Sun zaɓi wannan LED a cikin kwandon aikin ƙarfin haske na F5 (52-60 lm) da kwandon launi na 61M (~5800-6300K) don bayyanar farin tsaka-tsaki. Sun ƙera PCB tare da ainihin tsarin gindin solder da aka ba da shawarar. An zaɓi IC mai turawa mai ƙarfi na buck don samar da 140mA daga tsarin mota na 12V. An gudanar da binciken zafi ta amfani da lissafin ragewa da juriya na zafi: idan sarrafa zafin PCB ya kiyaye gindin solder a ƙasa da 85°C, LED na iya gudana a cikakken ƙimar sa na 140mA. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na 120° ya dace don haskaka ɗakin daidai ba tare da buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu masu rikitarwa ba. Ingantaccen AEC-Q102 yana ba da kwarin gwiwa ga amincin ɓangaren na dogon lokaci don wannan aikace-aikacen mota.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ne mai canza farin phosphor. Tsakiya shine guntu na semiconductor, yawanci an yi shi da indium gallium nitride (InGaN), wanda ke fitar da haske a cikin bakan shuɗi lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce ta cikinsa (electroluminescence). Wannan hasken shuɗi wani ɓangare yana sha ta hanyar wani Layer na rufin phosphor na yttrium aluminum garnet mai cakuda cerium (YAG:Ce) wanda aka ajiye akan ko kusa da guntun. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wasu photons shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da haske a cikin bakan mafi faɗi, galibi a yankin rawaya. Haɗuwar sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka canza idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa azaman farin haske. Ainihin rabo na fitar shuɗi zuwa rawaya, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar abun da ke ciki da kauri na phosphor, yana ƙayyade zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT), yana haifar da fitar da "Farin Sanyi" da aka ƙayyade.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fitilun LED na mota yana zuwa ga inganci mafi girma (lumens mafi yawa a kowace watt), mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da ingantaccen aminci. Akwai kuma yunƙuri don sarrafa launi mafi daidaito da mafi girman Ma'auni na Nuna Launi (CRI) don ingantaccen hangen nesa. Haɗin kai wani yanayi ne, tare da kunshin guntu da yawa da kunshin tare da haɗaɗɗun masu turawa ko da'irori na sarrafawa suna zama gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara mayar da hankali kan tsarin haske mai hankali, masu daidaitawa, waɗanda zasu iya buƙatar LEDs masu iya saurin canzawa ko dushewa. Yayin da wannan bayanin fasaha ya bayyana ɓangare mai zaman kansa, guntu guda ɗaya, fasahar da ke ƙasa tana ci gaba da haɓaka don saduwa da waɗannan buƙatun don tsarin fitilun mota na gaba, gami da ingantaccen hasken gaba da hasken siginar mai ƙarfi.