ALFS3BD-C010001L1-AM LED Takardar Bayani - Kunshin SMD na Ceramic - 960lm a 1000mA - 5850K Farin Sanyi - 120° Kallon Kallo - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

ALFS3BD-C010001L1-AM babban LED ne mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙera musamman don aikace-aikacen hasken mota masu ƙarfi. Yana amfani da kunshin ceramic don ingantaccen sarrafa zafi da dogaro. An ƙera na'urar don cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun masana'antar mota, gami da cancantar AEC-Q102, wanda ya sa ya dace da amfani a cikin yanayi mai tsauri. Aikace-aikacensa na farko sun haɗa da tsarin hasken waje kamar fitilun mota, fitilun gudu na rana (DRL), da fitilun hazo.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban Ƙarfin Haske:

• Yana ba da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na lumens 960 a lokacin tuka na 1000mA, yana ba da damar ingantattun hanyoyin haske masu haske da inganci.Ingantaccen Aikin Zafi:
• Tushen yumbu yana ba da ingantaccen watsi da zafi, tare da matsakaicin juriya na zafi (junction zuwa solder) na 2.3 K/W, yana ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da kiyaye lumen.Dogaron Mota:
• An cancanta bisa ka'idojin AEC-Q102, yana tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin kewayon zafin mota (-40°C zuwa +125°C) da girgiza.Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:
• Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun marasa halogen (Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, Br+Cl<1500ppm).Faɗin Kallon Kallo:
• Kallon kallo na digiri 120 yana ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi da daidaito.2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike, mai ma'ana game da mahimman sigogi na lantarki, haske, da zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayani.

2.1 Halaye na Haske da Na'ura mai ƙarfin Lantarki

Ana siffanta aikin LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji, yawanci a zafin solder pad (Ts) na 25°C da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 1000mA.

Ƙarfin Haske (Φv):

• Matsakaicin ƙimar shine 960 lm, tare da mafi ƙarancin 800 lm da matsakaicin 1100 lm. Matsakaicin ma'auni shine ±8%. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana auna wannan ƙarfin haske a Ts=25°C; ƙarfin haske na ainihi zai yi ƙasa a yanayin zafi mafi girma.Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):
• Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 8.7V zuwa matsakaicin 11.25V, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 10V a 1000mA. Tsarin rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Ƙungiyoyi 3A, 3B, 3C) yana taimaka wa masu zane su zaɓi LED tare da daidaitattun halayen lantarki don tsararrun LED da yawa.Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF):
• Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar shine 1500 mA. Ƙarfin lantarki da ake ba da shawarar shine har zuwa 1000 mA, amma dole ne a rage wannan bisa ga zafin solder pad, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lankwasa rage ƙarfi.Zafin Launi (K):
• Matsakaicin zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT) shine 5850K, wanda aka rarraba a matsayin farin sanyi. Tsarin rarraba yana nuna kewayon daga kusan 5180K zuwa 6680K, yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa ga buƙatun launi na musamman na aikace-aikace.Kallon Kallo (ψ):
• An ayyana shi azaman digiri 120, wanda shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙimar kololuwa (ψ = 2φ, inda φ shine rabin kusurwa).2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Halayen Zafi

Aiki fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar.

Zafin Junction (Tj):

• Matsakaicin zafin junction da aka yarda shine 150°C. Kiyaye Tj ƙasa da wannan iyaka yana da mahimmanci ga dogaro da rayuwa.Rushewar Ƙarfi (Pd):
• An ƙididdige shi a 16900 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙimar ka'idar bisa iyakokin zafi; ainihin ƙarfin da ake iya amfani da shi ana ƙaddara ta hanyar lankwasa rage ƙarfi.Juriya na Zafi (RthJS):
• An ba da ƙimomi guda biyu: RthJS_real (na yau da kullun 2.3 K/W) da RthJS_el (na yau da kullun 1.6 K/W). Ƙimar "na ainihi" ana auna ta a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na ainihi (1000mA), yayin da ƙimar "el" ke aunawa tare da ƙaramin lantarki na hankali. Don zanen zafi, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙimar RthJS_real don ingantaccen kimanta zafin junction.Hankalin ESD:
• Na'urar na iya jure watsi da lantarki har zuwa 8KV (Samfurin Jikin Mutum, R=1.5kΩ, C=100pF), yana nuna kyakkyawan kariya ta asali amma har yanzu yana buƙatar hanyoyin kulawa a hankali.3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin fitar da haske da launi, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux Binning)

Ga ƙungiyar Farin Sanyi, ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa rukuni biyar (E1 zuwa E5), kowanne yana ɗauke da kewayon lm 60 (misali, E3: 920-980 lm). Samfurin na yau da kullun (960 lm) ya faɗi cikin kwandon shara E3 ko E4. Takardar bayani ta nuna takamaiman kwandon shara da ke samuwa don wannan lambar sashi.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

An haɗa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa kwandon shara uku: 3A (8.7V - 9.55V), 3B (9.55V - 10.40V), da 3C (10.40V - 11.25V). Zaɓin LED daga kwandon shara na ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya yana da mahimmanci don daidaita halin yanzu a cikin tsararrun layi daya.

3.3 Rarraba Launi (Chromaticity Binning)

An ayyana tsarin kwandon shara na launi akan zane na CIE 1931 chromaticity. Tebbacin da aka bayar yana nuna tsarin kwandon shara na ECE (Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai) don LED farare, tare da maƙasudin maki 5850K da ke cikin takamaiman yanki na huɗu (misali, mai yiwuwa a cikin kwandon shara 56 ko 60). Tabbataccen lambar kwandon shara na wannan sashi an ayyana shi ta hanyar madaidaicin CIE x da y dangane da wannan tsari.

4. Binciken Lankwasa Ayyuka

Jadawalin da ke cikin takardar bayani yana ba da mahimman bayanai game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lankwasa IV da Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka

Lankwasa

Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gabayana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba. Ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, kuma dole ne masu zane su yi la'akari da wannan lokacin ƙirar da'irar direba. LankwasaƘarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gabayana ƙasa da layi; ƙara halin yanzu yana haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin fitar da haske yayin da yake haifar da ƙarin zafi sosai. Aiki a 1000mA ya zama kamar yarjejeniya mai kyau tsakanin fitarwa da inganci.4.2 Dogaro akan Zafin Jiki

Lankwasa

Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Junctionyana da mahimmanci. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin junction ya tashi. A 100°C, ƙarfin haske mai dangantaka kusan kashi 85% ne kawai na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. LankwasaƘarfin Lantarki na Gaba Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Junctionyana nuna ƙimar zafi mara kyau, tare da VF yana raguwa a layi daya yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Wannan kadarori wani lokaci ana iya amfani da shi don hankalin zafi.4.3 Rarraba Haske (Spectral Distribution) da Canjin Launi (Chromaticity Shift)

Lankwasa

Rarraba Haske Mai Dangantakayana nuna kololuwa a yankin tsawon rawaya (kusa da 450nm) tare da faɗaɗɗen fitarwa na rawaya da aka canza phosphor, na yau da kullun don LED farare ta amfani da guntu shuɗi. LankwasaMadaidaicin Launi da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gabadada Zafin Junctionsuna nuna ƙaramin motsi (Δx, Δy < 0.02), yana nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na launi akan yanayin aiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga hasken mota inda aka ba da umarnin daidaiton launi.4.4 Lankwasa Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Current Derating Curve)

Wannan shi ne babban jadawali don ƙirar tsarin. Yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda azaman aiki na zafin solder pad (Ts). Misali:

A Ts = 25°C, IF na iya zama 1500 mA (matsakaicin cikakke).

• A Ts = 103°C, dole ne a rage IF zuwa 1500 mA (maki na farko na lankwasa).
• A Ts = 125°C (matsakaicin zafin aiki), dole ne a rage IF zuwa kusan 823 mA.
• Wannan lankwasa yana haɗa kai tsaye zanen zafi na PCB da heatsink zuwa ƙarfin tuƙi da ake iya amfani da su da fitar da haske.

LED yana amfani da kunshin yumbu na Surface-Mount Device (SMD). Tabbatattun ma'auni na injiniya, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da wuraren pad, an yi cikakken bayani a cikin zanen "Ma'auni na Injiniya" (ba a cire su gaba ɗaya a nan amma an ambata). An ƙera kunshin don dacewa da sarrafa kai-da-saka da hanyoyin solder reflow. An ba da shimfidar "Shimfidar Solder da Ake Ba da Shawara" don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwar solder da mafi kyawun canja wurin zafi daga pad ɗin zafin LED zuwa PCB.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder Reflow

Takardar bayani ta ƙayyade bayanin solder reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C. Wannan shine daidaitaccen buƙatun reflow mara gubar (Pb-free). Bayanin zai haɗa da yankuna na preheat, jiƙa, reflow, da sanyaya tare da takamaiman lokaci da ƙuntatawa na zafin jiki don hana girgiza zafi da tabbatar da ingantattun haɗin gwiwar solder ba tare da lalata kunshin LED ko kayan ciki ba (waɗanda ke da Matsakaicin Hankalin Danshi, MSL, na 2).

6.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi Kafin Amfani

Kariya ta ESD:

• Ko da yake an ƙididdige shi don 8KV HBM, yakamata a bi ƙa'idodin kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.Sarrafa Halin Yanzu:
• Dole ne a tuka LED ta hanyar tushen halin yanzu na akai, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki na akai ba, don hana guduwar zafi.Sarrafa Zafi:
• Hanya mai zafi da aka ƙera da kyau daga pad ɗin solder na LED zuwa heatsink na tsarin wajibi ne don kiyaye zafin junction a cikin iyakoki masu aminci da cimma ƙimar aiki da rayuwa.Ƙarfin Sulfur:
• Takardar bayani ta ambaci ƙarfin sulfur, yana nuna wasu juriya ga yanayin da ke ɗauke da sulfur, amma ƙarin rufi na iya zama dole a cikin yanayi mai lalata sosai.7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Fitilar Mota (Ƙananan/Babban Hasken):

• Yana buƙatar ingantaccen sarrafa haske. Babban ƙarfin haske da ƙaramin girman tushen wannan LED sun sa ya dace da tsarin fitilar mota na mai tsinkaya ko mai nuni.Fitilar Gudu na Rana (DRL):
• Yana buƙatar inganci da dogaro. Fitarwar LED da faɗin kallon kallo suna da fa'ida don ƙirƙirar sa hannun DRL na musamman.Fitilar Hazo:
• Yana buƙatar faɗin tsarin haske mai faɗi. Kallon kallo na 120° yana ba da kyakkyawan farawa don na'urorin haske da aka ƙera don yanke ƙarƙashin hazo.7.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

Zanen Haske:

• Kayan aikin haske na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nuni) kusan koyaushe ana buƙatar su don siffata fitarwar LED ɗin zuwa tsarin haske da aka tsara wanda ya dace da ka'idojin hasken mota (SAE, ECE).Zanen Lantarki:
• Yi amfani da direban LED na halin yanzu na akai wanda zai iya samar da har zuwa 1000mA (ko ƙarfin lantarki da aka rage bisa binciken zafi) kuma tare da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin VF na kirtani na LED. Yi la'akari da aikin dusar ƙanƙara (PWM) don aikace-aikacen DRL/fitilar matsayi.Zanen Zafi:
• Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Yi amfani da PCB mai tushen ƙarfe (MCPCB) ko daidaitaccen PCB na FR4 tare da ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin pad ɗin zafin LED wanda aka haɗa zuwa babban jirgin tagulla ko heatsink na waje. Yi simintin zafi don hasashen zafin solder pad (Ts) a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayin muhalli.Zaɓin Kwandon Shara:
• Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya (misali, LED da yawa a cikin tsiri na DRL), ƙayyade ƙaƙƙarfan kwandon shara don ƙarfin haske da madaidaicin launi.8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

8.1 Me ya sa LED na ba ya samar da lumens 960 a cikin samfurina na farko?

Ƙimar lm 960 tana a Ts=25°C da IF=1000mA. A cikin aikace-aikacen gaske, zafin solder pad yana yiwuwa ya fi girma sosai, yana rage ƙarfin haske mai tasiri. Auna ko kimanta ainihin Ts ɗin ku kuma koma ga jadawalin "Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Junction" don nemo fitarwar da ake tsammani. Hakanan, tabbatar da direban ku yana ba da madaidaicin halin yanzu.

8.2 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED a 1500mA don samun mafi girman haske?

Kuna iya tuka shi a 1500mA kawai idan kuna iya tabbatar da cewa zafin solder pad (Ts) yana a ko ƙasa da 25°C, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a aikace a cikin kayan aikin da aka rufe. Dole ne ku yi amfani da lankwasa rage ƙarfi. A wani Ts na gaske na 80°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka yarda ya yi ƙasa sosai (kusan 1150-1200mA bisa ga shiga tsakani na lankwasa).

8.3 Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar juriya na zafi daban-daban guda biyu?

Yi amfani da

RthJS_real (2.3 K/W na yau da kullun)don lissafin zafin ku. Ana auna wannan ƙimar a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin aiki na gaske (1000mA), yana lissafin duk wani canje-canje na abubuwan da suka dogara da zafin jiki. Ana auna RthJS_el tare da ƙaramin sigina kuma yana wakiltar mafi kyawun yanayi, ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda baya wakiltar amfani na ainihi.8.4 Shin koyaushe ana buƙatar heatsink?

Don wannan matakin ƙarfi (kusan shigarwar lantarki 10W a 1000mA), kusan koyaushe ana buƙatar heatsink a cikin yanayin mota. Hanyar zafi ta farko ita ce ta hanyar pad ɗin solder zuwa cikin PCB. Dole ne a ƙera PCB ɗin kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na heatsink, sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarfe na tsakiya ko heatsink na aluminum da aka haɗa.

For this power level (approximately 10W electrical input at 1000mA), a heatsink is almost always necessary in an automotive environment. The primary thermal path is through the solder pads into the PCB. The PCB itself must be designed as part of the heatsink, often requiring a metal core or an attached aluminum heatsink.