Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali
- 1.2 Bayanin Samfur da Bambance-bambance
- 1.3 Aikace-aikacen da Ake Nufi
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
- 3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 3.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa
- 3.2 Tsarin Jagora
- 3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 3.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
- 3.5 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki
- 3.6 Haɗin Haɗin Launi Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (SYG kawai)
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakiti
- 4.1 Girman Fakiti
- 4.2 Gano Ƙarfin Lantarki
- 5. Jagororin Solder da Taro
- 5.1 Samuwar Jagora
- 5.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 5.3 Tsarin Solder
- 6. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda
- 6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakiti
- 6.2 Bayanin Alamar
- 7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Ƙira
- 7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
- 7.2 Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Ƙira
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
- 11. Gabatarwar Fasaha
- 12. Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
336UYSYGW/S530-A3 fitilar LED ce mai ƙarami da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da hasken baya. Tana haɗa guntu na semiconductor guda biyu a cikin fakit ɗaya, tana ba da sassauƙan ƙira da haske mai daidaito.
1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali
Babban fa'idodin wannan fitilar LED sun samo asali ne daga tsarin guntu biyu da kayan da aka yi amfani da su.
- Ayyukan Guntu Masu Dacewa:Guntu biyu masu haɗin kai an daidaita su a hankali don tabbatar da fitar haske mai daidaito sosai da kuma kusurwar kallo mai faɗi kusan digiri 80, suna ba da haske mai daidaito daga mahanga daban-daban.
- Amincewa na Tsarin Ƙarfe Mai Ƙarfi da Dogon Rayuwa:A matsayin na'urar haske mai ƙarfi, tana ba da ingantaccen aminci da dogon lokacin aiki, wanda ya fi na tsoffin fitilun wuta.
- Aiki Mai Inganci:An tsara na'urar don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki kuma tana dacewa kai tsaye tare da matakan tuƙi na da'irar haɗin kai (I.C.), yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar mahadar.
- Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Ana kera samfurin ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
1.2 Bayanin Samfur da Bambance-bambance
"336" yana nufin nau'in fakiti. Ana ba da wannan fitila a cikin tsarin lantarki guda biyu na asali: mai launi biyu da mai ɗan'uwa.
- Nau'ikan Launi Biyu:Waɗannan fitilun sun ƙunshi diode guda biyu waɗanda ke fitar da launuka daban-daban. Ga wannan ƙayyadaddun samfurin, launukan da aka fitar sune Super Yellow da Yellow Green. Launin guduro don bambance-bambancen launi biyu shine Farar Watsawa, wanda ke taimakawa haɗa launuka biyu kuma yana ba da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi.
- Nau'ikan ɗan'uwa:Waɗannan fitilun suna da launi ɗaya kowace na'ura. Ana samun su tare da ko dai Farar Bayyananne ko Launi Bayyananne na guduro. Guduro bayyananne yana ba da fitar haske mafi girma amma katako mafi ƙayyadaddun hanya.
- Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki:Ana samun fitar haske ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP), wanda ke da inganci sosai don samar da tsayin raƙuman rawaya da kore.
1.3 Aikace-aikacen da Ake Nufi
Wannan LED ta dace da kayan aikin lantarki iri-iri waɗanda ke buƙatar nuna matsayi ko hasken baya na panel.
- Na'urorin talabijin (matsayin wutar lantarki, alamomin aiki)
- Na'urorin lura na kwamfuta
- Wayoyi da na'urorin sadarwa
- Na'urorin gefen kwamfuta da na'urorin aiki gabaɗaya
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na ƙayyadaddun lantarki, haske, da zafi.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan su ne iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'ura na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
- Ci gaba da Ci gaba na Gaba (IF):25 mA don duka guntu na UY (Super Yellow) da SYG (Yellow Green). Wucewa wannan halin yanzu na iya haifar da gazawa mai tsanani saboda zafi mai yawa.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya mafi girma zai iya rushe haɗin semiconductor.
- Rushewar Ƙarfi (Pd):60 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yarda (VF* IF) fakiti zai iya watsawa ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba.
- Kewayon Zafin Jiki:Aiki: -40°C zuwa +85°C; Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C. Waɗannan suna ayyana iyakokin muhalli don aiki mai aminci da ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
- Zafin Solder:260°C na dakika 5. Wannan yana ayyana matsakaicin zafin jiki da tsarin lokaci don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
Waɗannan su ne ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na ayyukan da aka auna a 25°C. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi amfani da ƙimar "Typ." don lissafin farko amma su tsara da'irori don ɗaukar kewayon "Min." da "Max.".
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.0V zuwa 2.4V a IF=20mA. Resistan iyakancewa na halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci, saboda LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki yana da ƙasa kaɗan, yana dacewa da tsarin dabaru na 3.3V da 5V.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV):Super Yellow: 40-80 mcd (millicandela); Yellow Green: 16-32 mcd. Bambancin Super Yellow yana da haske sosai. Ana auna ƙarfin a matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Kusan digiri 80 ga duka launuka biyu. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar inda ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa.
- Ƙayyadaddun Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa:
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λp):Matsakaicin ƙarfin bakan. UY: ~591 nm; SYG: ~575 nm.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):Tsawon raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane. UY: ~589 nm; SYG: ~573 nm.
- Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaici. UY: ~15 nm; SYG: ~20 nm. Ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth yana nuna launi mai cikakken jikewa, mai tsabta.
3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayani tana ba da bayanan hoto masu mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'ura a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
3.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa
Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna nuna rarraba ƙarfin bakan. Lanƙwasa Super Yellow yana tsakiya a kusa da 591nm, yayin da Yellow Green yake tsakiya a kusa da 575nm. Siffofin su ne na yau da kullun na kayan AlGaInP, tare da SYG yana da ɗan faɗin bakan.
3.2 Tsarin Jagora
Taswirorin iyakacin duniya sun tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 80, suna nuna rarraba kusa da Lambertian (cosine) na gama gari don fakiti masu watsawa, suna ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai.
3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Wannan lanƙwasa ce mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira. Tana nuna alaƙar ma'auni na yau da kullun na diode. Lanƙwasa tana da tsayi kaɗan a yankin aiki (kusa da 2V), ma'ana ƙananan canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu, yana ƙarfafa buƙatar ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu.
3.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa fitar haske yana da kusan layi tare da halin yanzu har zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin da aka ƙidaya. Tuƙi LED a ƙasa da 20mA zai rage haske daidai gwargwado.
3.5 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki
Zane-zane guda biyu masu mahimmanci suna kwatanta tasirin zafi:
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Zafin Muhalli:Fitar haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Wannan shine siffa ta asali na LEDs; inganci yana raguwa a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba Dangane da Zafin Muhalli (a ƙarfin lantarki akai):Idan an tuƙa shi ta hanyar tushen ƙarfin lantarki akai, halin yanzu ta hanyar LED zai karu yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi saboda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa. Wannan na iya haifar da guduwar zafi idan ba a sarrafa shi da kyau tare da da'irar iyakancewa halin yanzu ba.
3.6 Haɗin Haɗin Launi Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (SYG kawai)
Wannan zanen yana nuna yadda launin da aka gane (chromaticity) na LED Yellow Green zai iya ɗan motsi tare da canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu na tuƙi. Masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaiton launi mai tsauri yakamata su yi amfani da direbobin halin yanzu akai.
4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakiti
4.1 Girman Fakiti
Zanen injiniya yana ƙayyadad da girman jiki na fitilar LED. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tazarar jagora, diamita na jiki, da tsayin gabaɗaya. An ƙayyade tsawan flange ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm. Matsakaicin jurewa don girma shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An ayyana daidai tsayi da faɗi ta zanen (wanda aka nuna a matsayin daidaitaccen fakiti na "336").
4.2 Gano Ƙarfin Lantarki
Fakiti yana amfani da flange ko gefe mai lebur akan ruwan tabarau (na kowa a cikin waɗannan fakiti) don nuna jagoran cathode (maras kyau). Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki yayin shigarwa.
5. Jagororin Solder da Taro
Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa.
5.1 Samuwar Jagora
- Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm daga tushen bulb na epoxy.
- Dole ne a yi samuwarkafinsolder, a zafin daki.
- Kauce wa yin damuwa ga fakiti ko jagora.
- Ramin PCB dole ne ya daidaita daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar hawa.
5.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- Ana ba da shawarar: ≤30°C, ≤70% Danshin Muhalli.
- Rayuwar shiryayye bayan jigilar kaya: watanni 3 a cikin jakar asali.
- Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara 1): Yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da nitrogen da desiccant.
- Bayan buɗewa, yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 24 don hana ɗaukar danshi.
- Kauce wa saurin canjin zafin jiki a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano don hana hazo.
5.3 Tsarin Solder
- Doka Mai Muhimmanci:Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa bulb na epoxy.
- Solder na Hannu:Titin ƙarfe ≤300°C, lokacin solder ≤3 seconds.
- Solder na Wave/Dip:Preheat ≤100°C (≤60 sec), solder bath ≤260°C na ≤5 seconds.
- Kauce wa damuwa akan jagora yayin matakan zafi mai yawa.
- Kada ku solder na'urar fiye da sau ɗaya.
- Bar LED ya sanyaya zuwa zafin daki da kansu bayan solder kafin sarrafawa ko yin amfani da damuwa na injiniya.
6. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda
6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakiti
Ana fakitar LEDs don hana fitar da lantarki mai tsauri (ESD) da shigar danshi.
- Fakitin Farko:Jakunkunan anti-electrostatic (kariyar ESD don 750V).
- Fakitin Na Biyu:Akwatin ciki mai ɗauke da jakuna 5.
- Fakitin Na Uku:Akwatin waje mai ɗauke da akwatuna na ciki 10.
- Adadin Fakiti:Mafi ƙarancin 200 zuwa 500 guda kowace jaka. Saboda haka, akwatin waje yana ɗauke da tsakanin 10,000 zuwa 25,000 guda (akwatuna na ciki 10 * jakuna 5 * 200-500 pcs).
6.2 Bayanin Alamar
Alamar fakiti ta haɗa da lambobi da yawa don bin sawu da rarrabe:
- CPN:Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki.
- P/N:Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (misali, 336UYSYGW/S530-A3).
- QTY:Adadi a cikin jakar.
- CAT:Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (bin).
- HUE:Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (bin).
- REF:Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (bin).
- LOT No:Lambar rukunin masana'anta don bin sawu.
7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Ƙira
7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
Mafi yawan hanyar tuƙi ita ce resistor mai iyakancewa halin yanzu. Ƙimar resistor (R) za a iya ƙididdige shi kamar: R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF. Don wadata 5V da matsakaicin VFna 2.0V a 20mA: R = (5 - 2.0) / 0.02 = 150 Ω. Ana yawan amfani da ƙimar ɗan kaɗan (misali, 180 Ω) don gefe, yana rage halin yanzu da ƙara tsawon rayuwa.
7.2 Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Ƙira
- Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da halin yanzu akai ko da'irar iyakancewa halin yanzu. Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi tare da ƙarfin lantarki akai saboda ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau na VF.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Yayin da ƙarfin yake ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa ba a sanya na'urar kusa da wasu tushen zafi ba. Yanayin zafi mai yawa zai rage fitar haske da tsawon rayuwa.
- Kariyar ESD:Ko da yake jakar tana ba da kariya, yakamata a bi ka'idojin sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa.
- Daidaitawar Gani:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, ƙayyade ƙunƙun fakiti masu ƙarfi don HUE (tsawon raƙuman ruwa) da CAT (ƙarfi).
8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
336UYSYGW/S530-A3 yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman a cikin ajinsa.
- Guntu Biyu da Guntu Guda:Ƙirar guntu biyu tana ba da redundancy na asali kuma tana iya ba da aiki mai haske ko launuka da yawa a cikin fakiti ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LEDs na guntu guda.
- Kayan AlGaInP:Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi, AlGaInP yana ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen jikewar launi don tsayin raƙuman rawaya da kore.
- Zaɓuɓɓukan Fakiti:Samuwar nau'ikan launi biyu (watsawa) da ɗan'uwa (bayyananne) a cikin fakiti ɗaya yana ba masu ƙira sassauƙi don tasirin haske daban-daban (launi gauraye da launi guda mai haske).
9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller na 3.3V?
A: Yana yiwuwa amma ba daidai ba ne. Matsakaicin VFshi ne 2.0V, kuma filin GPIO sau da yawa yana iya samar da 20mA. Duk da haka, dole ne ku ƙididdige resistor na jerin da ake buƙata dangane da ƙarfin fitarwa na filin a ƙarƙashin kaya (wanda zai iya zama ƙasa da 3.3V). Bugu da ƙari, samar da halin yanzu mai yawa daga filayen GPIO da yawa na iya wuce kasafin kuɗin halin yanzu na microcontroller. Yin amfani da transistor ko direban LED na musamman yana da ƙarfi.
Q2: Me yasa ƙarfin hasken LED Yellow Green ya yi ƙasa da Super Yellow?
A: Wannan da farko saboda hankalin bakan idon ɗan adam (amsa na hotopic). Idon yana da mahimmanci ga hasken kore a kusa da 555nm. Yellow Green (575nm) da Super Yellow (589nm) suna kan kafadun wannan kololuwar. Canzawa daga ƙarfin haske (watts) zuwa ƙarfin haske (candelas) yana haifar da ƙimar ƙasa ga SYG a cikin shigarwar lantarki iri ɗaya, ko da kuwa guntu suna da ingancin canza wutar lantarki zuwa haske iri ɗaya.
Q3: Menene lambobin "UY" da "SYG" a cikin lambar sashe ke nufi?
A: Su ne lambobin ciki don nau'in guntu: "UY" mai yiwuwa yana nufin "Ultra Yellow" ko "Super Yellow", kuma "SYG" don "Super Yellow Green". "GW" a cikin lambar sashe na iya nuna nau'in ruwan tabarau (misali, Farar Watsawa).
Q4: Yaya mahimmanci nisan 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa bulb?
A: Yana da mahimmanci sosai. Solder kusa da 3mm yana watsa zafi mai yawa kai tsaye zuwa guduro na epoxy da haɗin waya na ciki. Wannan na iya haifar da fashewar epoxy, fashewar haɗin kai, ko lalata kaddarorin semiconductor, yana haifar da gazawa nan take ko kafin lokaci.
10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙirar panel na nuna alama don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.
Panel yana buƙatar alamomi daban-daban don "Kunna Wutar Lantarki" (kore mai tsayi), "Ayyukan Hanyar Sadarwa" (kore mai ƙyalli), da "Kuskuren Tsarin" (rawaya mai tsayi).
Zaɓin Ƙira:Yi amfani da LED mai launi biyu 336UYSYGW/S530-A3 don alamar "Ayyukan Hanyar Sadarwa/Kuskuren Tsarin". Ana iya tuƙi guntu ɗaya (SYG) don nuna ƙyalli kore don aiki. Ana iya tuƙi ɗayan guntu (UY) don nuna rawaya mai tsayi don yanayin kuskure. Wannan yana adana sararin allo idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs daban-daban guda biyu. Ruwan tabarau Farar Watsawa yana haɗa haske daga guntu biyu lokacin da duka biyun suke kunne (ko da yake ba shine yanayin amfani na yau da kullun ba), kuma yana ba da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi wanda ya dace da panel. Resistan iyakancewa halin yanzu daban-daban da filayen GPIO daga babban processor na na'urar hanyar sadarwa za su sarrafa kowane guntu da kansu.
11. Gabatarwar Fasaha
Fasahar asali ta dogara ne akan tsarin kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Ƙayyadaddun rabo na Aluminum, Gallium, da Indium a cikin lattice crystal yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Ga wannan na'urar, an daidaita abun da ke ciki don fitarwa a cikin yankunan rawaya da rawaya-kore na bakan gani. Yin amfani da guntu biyu masu zaman kansu a cikin fakiti ɗaya shine ƙirar fakiti wanda ke ƙara aiki ba tare da ƙara ƙafar ƙafa akan allo ba.
12. Trends na Masana'antu
Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa inganci mafi girma, aminci mafi girma, da ƙarin aikin haɗin kai. Trends masu dacewa da na'urori kamar 336UYSYGW/S530-A3 sun haɗa da:
- Ƙananan Girma:Yayin da fakiti na 336 ya kafu, sabbin ƙira sau da yawa suna amfani da ƙananan fakiti na hawa saman (SMD) kamar 0603 ko 0402 don alluna masu yawan gaske.
- Inganci Mafi Girma:Binciken kimiyyar kayan aiki na ci gaba yana nufin inganta ingancin quantum na ciki (IQE) da ingancin fitar haske na AlGaInP da sauran tsarin kayan, yana samar da ƙarin haske kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki.
- Haɗin Kai Mai Hikima:Trend yana motsawa zuwa LEDs tare da direbobi haɗin kai (ICs) ko ma microcontrollers, ƙirƙirar "LED mai hikima" modules. Duk da haka, LEDs masu nuna alama daban-daban kamar 336 sun kasance masu mahimmanci don aikace-aikace masu sauƙi, masu tsada.
- Daidaiton Launi da Rarrabe:Hanyoyin masana'antu suna inganta don rage bambancin tsawon raƙuman ruwa da ƙarfi, suna ba da ƙunƙun fakiti masu ƙarfi da rage buƙatar zaɓin rarrabuwa ta abokan ciniki.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |