Bayanin Fasaha na LED Blue LTL87HTBK - Ruwan Gilashi Mai Zagaye na 5mm - Ƙarfin Gaba na 4.0V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki na 120mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTL87HTBK LED ne mai haske blue wanda ke amfani da kayan semiconductor Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). An yi masa marufi a cikin daidaitaccen tsari na rami mai zagaye na 5mm tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen nuni da haske na gabaɗaya. Babban fasalinsa sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, faɗin kusurwar kallo, da kuma tsawon rayuwa da amincin fasahar haske mai ƙarfi.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Cibiyar

• Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki:Yana aiki da inganci a yanayin igiyoyin tuƙi na yau da kullun, yana mai da shi dacewa da na'urorin da ke amfani da baturi.
• Faɗin Kusurwar Kallo (120°):Yana ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi da daidaito, mai dacewa don alamun panel da fitilun yanayi.
• Amincin Tsarin Ƙarfi:Yana ba da tsawon rayuwar aiki ba tare da filaments ko ambulaf ɗin gilashi da za su karye ba, yana tabbatar da ƙarfi a yanayi daban-daban.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

An yi wannan LED don amfani a cikin kayan lantarki na yau da kullun. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da alamomin yanayi akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci, hasken baya don ƙananan nuni, hasken panel, da hasken ado. Ba a ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar aminci na musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da haɗari (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita).

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):120 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki (Vf * If) da marufin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (DC):30 mA ci gaba matsakaici.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba:100 mA matsakaici, ana iya yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms).
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (Ta):-25°C zuwa +80°C kewayon yanayin yanayi.
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-30°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na 5 seconds matsakaici, an auna 1.6mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

An ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 65 mcd zuwa na yau da kullun 180 mcd kuma matsakaicin 520 mcd a halin yanzu na gaba (If) na 20 mA. Rashin daidaituwa na ±15% ya shafi ƙarfin da aka tabbatar.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (Vf):Yawanci 4.0V, tare da matsakaicin 4.0V a If=20mA. Mafi ƙanƙanta shine 3.5V.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λp):468 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon a mafi girman matsayi a cikin bakan fitarwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):470 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi.
• Faɗin Raba-Biyu na Bakan (Δλ):25 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsarkin bakan; ƙaramin ƙima yana nufin haske mafi monochromatic.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (Ir):100 μA matsakaici a ƙarfin baya (Vr) na 5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs (binning) bisa mahimman sigogi na gani. LTL87HTBK yana amfani da manyan ma'auni biyu na binning.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 20mA. Kowane kwandon shara yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima da matsakaicin ƙima, tare da rashin daidaituwa na ±15% akan iyakokin kwandon shara. An yiwa alamar lambar kwandon shara (misali, D, E, F...L) akan jakar tattarawa.

• Misali:Kwandon shara 'G' yana da kewayon ƙarfi na 140 zuwa 180 mcd.

3.2 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon

Hakanan ana rarraba LEDs ta hanyar tsawon tsawon su don sarrafa daidaiton launi. Rashin daidaituwa ga kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±1 nm.

• Misali:Kwandon shara 'B08' yana da kewayon tsawon tsawon na 465.0 zuwa 470.0 nm.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da ba a ƙididdige takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, lanƙwasan aiki na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan LEDs zasu haɗa da:

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin gaba yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, ma'ana yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa gabaɗaya layi ne a ƙananan igiyoyin ruwa amma yana iya cika a manyan igiyoyin ruwa saboda tasirin zafi da raguwar inganci.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Yanayi

Fitowar hasken LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Wannan lanƙwasa derating yana da mahimmanci don ƙira aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin dangi da tsawon tsawon, mai tsakiya a kusa da 468 nm tare da faɗin rabin na yau da kullun na 25 nm, yana ayyana wurin launin shuɗi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

Na'urar LED ce mai zagaye 5mm na yau da kullun. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin millimeters (inci).
• Rashin daidaituwa shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Matsakaicin resin protrusion a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm.
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufi.

5.2 Ganewar Polarity

Jagoran mafi tsayi shine anode (tabbatacce), kuma ɗan gajeren jagora shine cathode (maras kyau). Bugu da ƙari, gefen cathode sau da yawa yana da wuri mai lebur a kan flange na filastik na ruwan tabarau na LED.

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

• Lanƙwasa jagororin a wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED.
• Kada ku yi amfani da tushen firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum.
• Yi siffantar jagora a yanayin zafin ɗaki kuma kafin tsarin solder.

6.2 Sigogi na Solder

Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin solder. Guji nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder.

• Solder na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Matsakaicin zafin jiki 300°C na matsakaicin 3 seconds (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder Wave:Pre-zafi zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa 60 seconds. Solder wave a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa 10 seconds.

Gargadi:Yawan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar bala'i.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

• Yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar: ≤30°C da ≤70% zafi na dangi.
• LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin marufi yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku.
• Don tsawaita ajiya a waje da ainihin marufi, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da desiccant ko yanayin nitrogen.

7. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

• Naúrar Asali:1000, 500, ko 250 guda a kowace jakar tattarawa mai tsayayya da lantarki.
• Carton na Ciki:10 jakunkunan tattarawa a kowace carton (Jimlar 10,000 pcs).
• Carton na Waje:8 cartons na ciki a kowace akwati (Jimlar 80,000 pcs). Ƙarshen fakitin a cikin kayan jigilar kaya bazai cika ba.

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, yana dashawara mai ƙarfidon amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED. Tuƙa LEDs da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki (ba tare da resistors na mutum ɗaya ba) na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton haske mai mahimmanci saboda bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin ƙarfin gaba (Vf) na kowane na'ura.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Yi amfani da abin wuya na ƙasa ko safar hannu masu tsayayya da lantarki.
• Tabbatar cewa duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da racks na ajiya suna da ƙasa da kyau.
• Yi amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.

8.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Yayin da wannan ƙaramin na'ura ne mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, yin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC (30mA) zai haifar da zafi. Tabbatar da isasshen iska a cikin aikace-aikacen don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwar LED a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon aiki, kamar yadda yawan zafi yana rage fitar da haske da tsawon rayuwa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

LTL87HTBK, a matsayin daidaitaccen LED blue InGaN na 5mm, an bambanta shi ta hanyar haɗin takamaiman kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske da kwandon shara na tsawon tsawon. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahar LED blue (misali, amfani da silicon carbide), LEDs na InGaN suna ba da inganci sosai mafi girma da haske mai haske, mafi jikewa blue. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarin binning da aka ƙayyade, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa don daidaiton launi da haske a cikin aikace-aikacensu.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

10.1 Wane ƙimar resistor yakamata in yi amfani da shi tare da wadata na 5V?

Amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_led) / If. Don Vf na yau da kullun na 4.0V a 20mA: R = (5V - 4.0V) / 0.020A = 50 ohms. Mafi kusancen ƙimar daidaitaccen shine 51 ohms. Koyaushe lissafta ragewar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor: P = I²R = (0.02)² * 51 = 0.0204W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor 1/4W ya isa.

10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadata na 3.3V?

Mai yiwuwa, amma ba tare da aminci ba. Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba shine 3.5V, kuma na yau da kullun shine 4.0V. Wadata na 3.3V bazai kunna LED ba, ko kuma yana iya samar da haske mai duhu da rashin daidaituwa. Ana ba da shawarar mai haɓakawa ko mafi girman ƙarfin wadata.

10.3 Me yasa akwai rashin daidaituwa na ±15% akan ƙarfin hasken?

Wannan rashin daidaituwa yana lissafin bambance-bambancen tsarin aunawa da ƙananan bambance-bambancen samarwa. Tsarin binning yana ba da madaidaicin kewayon don zaɓi. Ainihin ƙarfin na'ura a cikin kwandon shara 'G' (140-180 mcd) zai kasance a cikin wannan kewayon, tare da ƙimar aunawa.

11. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Aiki

11.1 Panel Nuni na Multi-LED Status

Yanayi:Ƙira panel iko tare da alamomin yanayi blue 10, duk suna buƙatar daidaiton haske, ana amfani da su daga layin dogo na 12V.

Maganin Ƙira:

1. Topology na Da'ira:Yi amfani da da'irori iri ɗaya na tuƙi 10 a layi daya, kowanne ya ƙunshi LED da resistor na jerinsa. Guji resistor guda ɗaya yana tuƙa duk LEDs a layi daya.
2. Lissafin Resistor:Manufa If = 20mA. Vf (na yau da kullun) = 4.0V. R = (12V - 4.0V) / 0.020A = 400 ohms. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 390 ko 430 ohm. Wutar lantarki: P = (0.02)² * 400 = 0.16W, don haka resistor 1/4W ya isa.
3. Binning:Ƙayyade LEDs daga kwandon shara ɗaya na ƙarfin haske (misali, duk daga kwandon shara 'G') da kwandon shara ɗaya na tsawon tsawon (misali, duk daga kwandon shara 'B08') don tabbatar da daidaiton gani.
4. Shimfidawa:Kiyaye tazarar lanƙwasa jagora na 3mm da tsabtar solder na 2mm. Ba da ɗan sarari tsakanin LEDs don watsa zafi.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LTL87HTBK diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction wanda ya dogara akan Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna diode (kusan 3.5V), electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki (junction). Lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa da ramuka a cikin wannan yanki mai aiki, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yayi daidai da tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, shuɗi a kusa da 470 nm.

13. Trends na Fasaha

LEDs blue InGaN, waɗanda aka fara a farkon shekarun 1990, sun kasance babban ci gaba a cikin haske mai ƙarfi. Sun ba da damar ƙirƙirar LEDs farare (ta hanyar haɗa haske blue tare da phosphors rawaya) da cikakkun nuni masu launi. Trends na yanzu a cikin wannan fasaha suna mai da hankali kan ƙara inganci (lumens a kowace watt), inganta ma'anar nuna launi (CRI) don aikace-aikacen haske farare, da haɓaka ƙananan marufu masu yawa da yawa. Yayin da LEDs na rami na 5mm ke ci gaba da zama sananne don alamomi, marufu na na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) yanzu sun fi rinjaye don haskakawa saboda mafi kyawun aikin zafi da dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik.