Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfurin
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha & Tsarin Binning
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Ganuwa (Ta=25°C)
- 2.2 Mafi Girman Ƙididdiga (Ta=25°C)
- 2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3. Nazarin Ma'aunin Aiki
- 3.1 Wutar Lantarki Ta Gaba vs. Motsin Gaba
- 3.2 Motsin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka
- 3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki
- 3.4 Tsawon Igiyar Haske vs. Motsin Gaba
- 3.5 Rarraba Ma'auni (Spectral Distribution)
- 3.6 Tsarin Rarraba Haske (Radiation Pattern)
- 4. Ma'auni na Janar & Tsarin Solder
- 4.1 Girman Fakiti
- 4.2 Tsarin Solder da Aka Shawarar
- 4.3 Gano Polarity
- 5. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa
- 5.1 Tsarin Solder ta Reflow
- 5.2 Solder ta Hannu & Gyara
- 5.3 Hattara
- 6. Bayanin Marufi
- 6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
- 6.2 Bayanin Lakabin
- 6.3 Marufi Mai Hana Damshi
- 7. Yanayin Gwajin Dogaro
- 8. Hattara Don Sarrafawa
- 8.1 Jituwa da Kayan
- 8.2 Kariya daga ESD
- 8.3 Tsaftacewa
- 8.4 Sarrafa Injiniya
- 8.5 Ƙirar Da'ira
- 8.6 Ajiya da Toyawa
- 9. Misalai na Aikace-aikace
- 10. La'akari da Tsari & Tambayoyi na Yau da kullum
- 10.1 Gudanar da Zafi
- 10.2 Daidaiton Launi
- 10.3 Da'irar Tuki
- 10.4 Hankalin ESD
- 11. Yanayin Masana'antu & Tarihin Fasaha
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfurin
RF-BNT112TS-CF wani LED ne mai shudi wanda aka yi shi da guntun shudi (blue chip) da kuma rufin silicone. Yana cikin ƙaramin fakiti mai girma 3.2mm x 1.0mm x 1.5mm, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ba su da sarari. Wannan LED yana da kusurwar kallo mai fadi sosai na digiri 140, yana tabbatar da rarrabuwar haske mai yawa. An tsara shi don duk hanyoyin SMT da tafiyar solder kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS. Hanyar damshin yana da mataki na 3, yana buƙatar kulawa da ajiyayyiya daidai.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha & Tsarin Binning
2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Ganuwa (Ta=25°C)
| Ma'auni | Alama | Yanayin Gwaji | Mafi ƙanƙanta | Na yau da kullum | Mafi girma | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsawon Igiyar Rarraba (Spectral Half Bandwidth) | Δλ | IF=20mA | -- | 30 | -- | nm |
| Wutar Lantarki Ta Gaba (Forward Voltage) | VF | IF=20mA | 2.8 | -- | 3.5 | V |
| Tsawon Igiyar Rayuwa (Dominant Wavelength) (bin D10) | λD | IF=20mA | 465 | -- | 467.5 | nm |
| Tsawon Igiyar Rayuwa (bin D20) | λD | IF=20mA | 467.5 | -- | 470 | nm |
| Tsawon Igiyar Rayuwa (bin E10) | λD | IF=20mA | 470 | -- | 472.5 | nm |
| Tsawon Igiyar Rayuwa (bin E20) | λD | IF=20mA | 472.5 | -- | 475 | nm |
| Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity) (bin 1AP) | IV | IF=20mA | 90 | -- | 120 | mcd |
| Ƙarfin Hasken (bin G20) | IV | IF=20mA | 120 | -- | 150 | mcd |
| Ƙarfin Hasken (bin 1AW) | IV | IF=20mA | 150 | -- | 200 | mcd |
| Ƙarfin Hasken (bin 1GK) | IV | IF=20mA | 200 | -- | 260 | mcd |
| Kusurwar Kallo (Viewing Angle) | 2θ1/2 | IF=20mA | -- | 140 | -- | deg |
| Motsi Mai Juya (Reverse Current) | IR | VR=5V | -- | -- | 10 | μA |
| Juriyar Zafi (Thermal Resistance) | RTHJ-S | IF=20mA | -- | -- | 450 | °C/W |
Lura: Haƙuri ga ma'aunin VF shine ±0.1V, tsawon igiyar haske ±2nm, ƙarfin haske ±10%.
2.2 Mafi Girman Ƙididdiga (Ta=25°C)
| Ma'auni | Alama | Ƙimar | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sharar Iko (Power Dissipation) | Pd | 70 | mW |
| Motsin Gaba (Forward Current) | IF | 20 | mA |
| Motsin Gaba mafi girma (Pulse) (Peak Forward Current) | IFP | 60 | mA |
| ESD (HBM) | ESD | 1000 | V |
| Zafin Aiki (Operating Temperature) | Topr | -40 ~ +85 | °C |
| Zafin Ajiyayyiya (Storage Temperature) | Tstg | -40 ~ +85 | °C |
| Zafin Junction (Junction Temperature) | Tj | 95 | °C |
Lura: Yanayin pulse 1/10 duty cycle, fadin bugun 0.1ms. Motsi mafi girma ya kamata a yanke shawara bisa yanayin zafi domin tabbatar da cewa zafin junction bai wuce iyakar da aka ƙayyade ba.
2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa bins na tsawon igiyar haske da ƙarfin haske bayan samarwa. Bins na tsawon igiyar haske sun haɗa da D10 (465-467.5nm), D20 (467.5-470nm), E10 (470-472.5nm), da E20 (472.5-475nm). Bins na ƙarfin haske sun tashi daga 90 mcd (1AP) zuwa 260 mcd (1GK). Ba a rarraba wutar lantarki ta gaba a cikin rukuni ba amma ana auna shi da haƙuri na ±0.1V. Lambar bin a kan lakabin yana nuna haɗin takamaiman na tsawon igiyar haske da ƙarfi don sawa.
3. Nazarin Ma'aunin Aiki
3.1 Wutar Lantarki Ta Gaba vs. Motsin Gaba
Fig 1-6 yana nuna halayen wutar lantarki ta gaba vs. motsin gaba na yau da kullum. A 20mA, wutar lantarki ta gaba tana kusan 3.0-3.2V (a cikin kewayon 2.8-3.5V). Lannan yana nuna ƙaruwar motsi mai saurin gaske tare da wutar lantarki.
3.2 Motsin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka
Kamar yadda aka nuna a Fig 1-7, ƙarfin haske mai dangantaka yana ƙaruwa kusan a madaidaiciya tare da motsin gaba har zuwa 25mA, tare da ɗan jikewa a motsi mafi girma. Wannan madaidaiciyar alaƙar tana ba da damar sarrafa haske wanda ake iya tsammani ta hanyar daidaita motsi.
3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki
Fig 1-8 yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske mai dangantaka yana raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ya ƙaru. A 85°C, ƙarfin haske yana faɗuwa zuwa kusan 80% na ƙimar a 25°C. Fig 1-9 yana ba da jagororin ragewa: motsin gaba mafi girma dole ne a rage yayin da zafin pin ya ƙaru don guje wa wuce iyakar zafin junction.
3.4 Tsawon Igiyar Haske vs. Motsin Gaba
Fig 1-10 yana nuna cewa tsawon igiyar haske yana canzawa kaɗan (kusan 1-2nm) yayin da motsin gaba ya ƙaru daga 0 zuwa 30mA. Wannan canji na yau da kullum ne ga LED shudi na InGaN kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a aikace-aikace masu muhimmanci na launi.
3.5 Rarraba Ma'auni (Spectral Distribution)
Lannan na ƙarfin haske mai dangantaka vs. tsawon igiyar haske (Fig 1-11) yana nuna ƙaramin watsi mai kunkuntar da ke kewaye da 465-475nm tare da rabin bandwidth na kusan 30nm. Wannan haske shudi mai watsi ya dace da aikace-aikace da ke buƙatar haske shudi mai tsafta.
3.6 Tsarin Rarraba Haske (Radiation Pattern)
Fig 1-12 yana gabatar da halayen rarraba haske. LED ɗin yana da kusurwar kallo mai fadi na 140°, tare da ƙarfin haske yana faɗuwa zuwa 50% a kusan ±70° daga madaidaiciyar haske. Wannan rarraba mai fadi yana samuwa ta hanyar ƙirar ruwan tabarau kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni da haske.
4. Ma'auni na Janar & Tsarin Solder
4.1 Girman Fakiti
Fakitin LED yana auna 3.2mm (tsawo) x 1.0mm (faɗi) x 1.5mm (tsawo). Duba daga sama yana nuna wurin ruwan tabarau mai bayyana; duban gefe yana nuna kaurin 1.5mm gami da ruwan tabarau. Duba daga ƙasa yana nuna lankwasa biyu na ƙarfe (anode da cathode) tare da girma kamar yadda aka nuna a zane. An nuna alamar polarity a ƙasa: pad 1 shine cathode kuma pad 2 shine anode (ko akasin haka bisa alama). Duk ma'auni suna da haƙuri na ±0.2mm sai dai in an lura.
4.2 Tsarin Solder da Aka Shawarar
Fig 1-5 yana ba da tsarin ƙasa na PCB da aka shawarar: kowane pad yana da faɗi 0.70mm da tsawon 0.90mm, tare da tazara tsakanin tsakiyar pad 2.20mm. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder mai kyau da watsar zafi. Yana da mahimmanci a ɗora LED akan filin PCB mai lebur kuma a guje wa karkata.
4.3 Gano Polarity
Ana gano cathode ta hanyar ƙaramin pad ko alamar kusurwa a ƙasa. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin haɗawa don gujewa lalacewa ta hanyar wutar lantarki mai juya.
5. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa
5.1 Tsarin Solder ta Reflow
Tsarin solder ta reflow da aka shawarar (Fig 3-1) ya ƙayyade: ƙimar hawan sama ≤ 3°C/s (daga Tsmin zuwa Tp), zafin farko daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120, lokaci sama da 217°C (TL) na daƙiƙa 60 mafi girma, zafin kololuwa (Tp) 260°C na daƙiƙa 10 mafi girma (tare da lokaci a cikin 5°C na Tp ≤ daƙiƙa 30), da saurin sanyaya ≤ 6°C/s. Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa kololuwa ya kamata ya zama ≤ mintuna 8.
5.2 Solder ta Hannu & Gyara
Idan dole ne a yi solder da hannu, yi amfani da ƙarfen solder mai zafin jiki ƙasa da 300°C da tsawon lokaci ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3. Aiwatar da solder ta hannu sau ɗaya kawai. Don gyara, ana ba da shawarar ƙarfen solder mai kai biyu; duk da haka, ya kamata a tabbatar cewa gyaran bai lalace halayen LED ba.
5.3 Hattara
- LED ɗin yana da rufin silicone mai laushi; guji matsa latsawa a kan fuskar ruwan tabarau. Yi amfani da bututun ɗauka masu dacewa tare da ƙarfin sarrafawa.
- Kada a ɗora a kan PCBs da suka karkata; guji tanƙware PCB bayan solder.
- Kada a yi sanyaya mai sauri bayan solder; bar shi ya yi sanyi a hankali don guje wa girgizar zafi.
- Kada a yi solder ta reflow fiye da sau biyu. Idan tazarar tsakanin solder biyu ta wuce sa'o'i 24, toya LEDs kafin amfani (60±5°C na ≥ sa'o'i 24).
6. Bayanin Marufi
6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
Marufi na yau da kullum: 3000 guda a kowace reel. An bayar da ma'aunin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya da ma'aunin reel a cikin littafin bayanai (Fig 2-1, 2-2). Reel ɗin yana da diamita 178±1mm, faɗi 8.0±0.1mm, diamita na cibiya 60±1mm, da diamita na rami 13.0±0.5mm.
6.2 Bayanin Lakabin
Kowace reel tana ɗauke da lakabi mai: Lambar Sashe, Lambar Spec, Lambar Lot, Lambar Bin (ciki har da bin na ƙarfin haske, bin na chromaticity, wutar lantarki ta gaba, tsawon igiyar haske), Yawa, da ranar kera.
6.3 Marufi Mai Hana Damshi
Ana rufe reels a cikin jakar hana damshi tare da bushewa da katin nuna damshi. Ana lakanta jakar da hattara na sarrafa ESD. Yanayin ajiya kafin buɗewa: ≤30°C, ≤75% RH, rayuwar shiryayye shekara ɗaya daga ranar marufi. Bayan buɗewa: ≤30°C, ≤60% RH, sa'o'i 24. Idan yanayin ajiya ya wuce, toya a 60±5°C na ≥ sa'o'i 24.
7. Yanayin Gwajin Dogaro
| Abun Gwaji | Ma'aunin Magana | Yanayi | Tsawon Lokaci | Yawan Samfurin | Ac/Re |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solder ta Reflow | JESD22-B106 | 260°C mafi girma, 10 daƙiƙa | sau 2 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
| Zagayowar Zafi | JESD22-A104 | -40°C 30min ↔ 100°C 30min, canjin 5min | zagaye 100 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
| Girgizar Zafi | JESD22-A106 | -40°C 15min ↔ 100°C 15min | zagaye 300 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
| Ajiya a Babban Zafi | JESD22-A103 | 100°C | sa'o'i 1000 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
| Ajiya a Ƙananan Zafi | JESD22-A119 | -40°C | sa'o'i 1000 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
| Gwajin Rayuwa (zafin daki) | JESD22-A108 | 25°C, IF=5mA | sa'o'i 1000 | 22 pcs | 0/1 |
Ma'aunin gazawa: Wutar lantarki ta gaba > 1.1 x U.S.L., motsi mai juya > 2.0 x U.S.L., ƙarfin haske<0.7 x L.S.L. (U.S.L. = iyakar ma'aunin sama, L.S.L. = iyakar ma'aunin ƙasa).
8. Hattara Don Sarrafawa
8.1 Jituwa da Kayan
Fakitin LED yana da hankali ga mahadi na sulfur, bromine, da chlorine. Yanayi da kayan haɗe dole ne su kasance da sulfur ƙasa da 100 PPM, bromine ƙasa da 900 PPM, chlorine ƙasa da 900 PPM, da jimlar Br+Cl ƙasa da 1500 PPM. Mahadi masu canzawa na halitta (VOCs) daga kayan kayan haɗe na iya shiga cikin silicone kuma su haifar da canza launi da raguwar haske. Ya kamata a guje wa mannen da ke fitar da tururin halitta.
8.2 Kariya daga ESD
LEDs na'urori ne masu hankali ga lantarki na tsaye. Dole ne a bi ka'idojin ESD na yau da kullum (wuraren aiki masu ƙasa, maballin hannu na antistatic, kwantena masu ɗaukar lantarki) yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.
8.3 Tsaftacewa
Maganin tsaftacewa da aka shawarar: isopropyl alcohol. Dole ne a gwada sauran kaushi don jituwa. Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic ba saboda yana iya haifar da lalacewa.
8.4 Sarrafa Injiniya
Kada a taɓa fuskar ruwan tabarau na silicone kai tsaye ko matsa. Yi amfani da filako ko kayan aiki masu dacewa don ɗaukar ɓangaren ta gefen sa. Guji tarawa ko faɗuwa.
8.5 Ƙirar Da'ira
Kowane LED dole ne a yi amfani da shi tare da motsi wanda bai wuce iyakar ƙididdiga mafi girma ba. Ya kamata a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance motsi a jeri. Tabbatar cewa ba a taɓa amfani da wutar lantarki mai juya ba. Ƙirar zafi tana da mahimmanci: ana buƙatar isasshen ɗaukar zafi don kiyaye zafin junction ƙasa da 95°C.
8.6 Ajiya da Toyawa
Idan jakar hana damshi ta tsaga ko lokacin ajiya bayan buɗewa ya wuce sa'o'i 24, toya LEDs a 60±5°C na ≥ sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani. Kada a yi amfani idan jakar ta nuna alamun lalacewa ko kuma bushewar ta canza launi.
9. Misalai na Aikace-aikace
LED shudi SMD ya dace da:
- Alamomin haske a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani (misali, fitilun hali, LED na sanarwa)
- Hasken baya don maɓallai, alamomi, da ƙananan nunin
- Hasken gaba ɗaya don haske na ado ko na ƙara
- Tushen haske shudi don na'urori masu ji ko aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki
Lokacin ƙirƙirar da'ira, motsin gaba ya kamata a saita shi zuwa 20mA na yau da kullum. Don aiki na pulse (misali, nunin da yawa), motsin kololuwa na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 60mA tare da 1/10 duty cycle. Kusurwar kallo mai fadi (140°) ya sa LED ɗin ya dace da ƙirar haske ta gefe inda dole ne a fitar da haske a kan wuri mai faɗi.
10. La'akari da Tsari & Tambayoyi na Yau da kullum
10.1 Gudanar da Zafi
Ganin juriyar zafi na 450°C/W, ko da a 20mA (kusan 64mW na iko), haɓakar zafin junction sama da muhalli yana kusan 29°C. A yanayin zafi na 85°C, junction na iya wuce 95°C; don haka ragewa ya zama dole. Yi amfani da pads na jan ƙarfe masu dacewa da vias na zafi don inganta watsar zafi.
10.2 Daidaiton Launi
Saboda an rarraba LED ɗin ta tsawon igiyar haske, masu tsara ya kamata su zaɓi bin da ya dace don aikace-aikacen su. Idan ana amfani da LED da yawa a cikin wannan na'urar, oda lambar bin iri ɗaya don tabbatar da launi daidai.
10.3 Da'irar Tuki
Ana ba da shawarar tushen motsi akai-akai don kiyaye haske mai tsayayye da guje wa wuce gona. Dole ne a yi la'akari da bambancin wutar lantarki ta gaba (2.8-3.5V) a cikin ƙirar wutar lantarki.
10.4 Hankalin ESD
LED ɗin yana da ƙimar ESD na 1000V (HBM). Duk da cewa yana da ƙarfi sosai, ya kamata a bi hanyoyin sarrafawa masu dacewa (wuraren aiki masu ƙasa, kwantena antistatic) don hana lalacewa.
11. Yanayin Masana'antu & Tarihin Fasaha
LEDs shudi da ya dogara da fasahar InGaN sun kasance tushe don hasken zamani mai ƙarfi. Wannan fakiti yana amfani da guntun shudi tare da rufin silicone, wanda ke ba da dogaro mai girma da kusurwar kallo mai fadi. Yayin da masana'antu ke motsawa zuwa ƙarami, wannan fakiti na 3.2x1.0mm yana ba da mafita mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen da ba su da sarari. Yanayin zuwa mafi kyawun aiki da sarrafa launi yana ci gaba, amma ga yawancin aikace-aikacen nuni da haske, wannan LED shudi na yau da kullum ya kasance mai inganci da dogaro.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |