Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Zurfin Bayanan Fasaha
- 2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
- 2.3 Zaɓin Na'ura da Rarraba
- 3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 3.1 Rarraba na Bakan da Angular
- 3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Zafi
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
- 4.1 Girman Marufi
- 4.2 Ganewar Polarity da Dora
- 5. Ka'idojin Gyaɗa da Hawa
- 5.1 Samuwar Jagora
- 5.2 Sigogin Gyaɗa
- 5.3 Tsaftacewa
- 5.4 Yanayin Ajiya
- 6. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
- 6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
- 6.2 Bayanin Lakabi
- 7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira
- 7.1 Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
- 7.2 Muhimman La'akari da Ƙira
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
- 8.1 Bambance-bambance
- 8.2 Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanan fasaha na babban LED mai haske mai launin rawaya. Na'urar wani bangare ne na jerin da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke bukatar fitar da haske mai inganci da dogaro. Tana da murfin guduro mai launin rawaya mai karkatar haske, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samun fa'idar kallo mai fadi da daidaito, wanda ya sa ya dace da dalilai daban-daban na nuni da haske baya.
Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun hada da ingantaccen gini, bin manyan ka'idojin muhalli kamar RoHS, REACH, da ka'idojin Halogen-Free, da samuwa a cikin nau'ikan marufi masu dacewa da masu amfani kamar tef da reel don hanyoyin hawa ta atomatik. An tsara shi don zama abu mai dogaro a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da tsarin nuni.
2. Zurfin Bayanan Fasaha
2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma
An ayyana iyakokin aiki na na'urar don tabbatar da dogon lokaci na dogaro da hana gazawa mai tsanani. Ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) an auna shi a 25 mA, tare da izinin kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba (IFP) na 60 mA a karkashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki @ 1 kHz). Matsakaicin juzu'in juzu'i (VR) shine 5 V. Ragewar wutar lantarki (Pd) bai kamata ya wuce 60 mW ba. Kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da zafin ajiya (Tstg) ya kai zuwa +100°C. Na'urar na iya jure zafin gyaɗa (Tsol) na 260°C har zuwa dakika 5.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
An auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba na 20 mA.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Matsakaicin darajar shine millicandelas 20 (mcd), tare da mafi karancin 10 mcd.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Na'urar tana ba da fa'idar kallo ta yau da kullun mai fadi na digiri 180.
- Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon (λp):Matsakaicin fitarwa mai kololuwa yana a nanomita 591 (nm).
- Tsawon Tsawon Mai Rinjaye (λd):Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon rinjaye shine 589 nm.
- Bandwidth na Radiation Spectrum (Δλ):Matsakaicin faɗin bakan shine 20 nm.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 2.0 V, kewayo daga mafi karancin 1.7 V zuwa matsakaicin 2.4 V.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da juzu'in juzu'i na 5 V.
An lura da rashin tabbas na ma'auni: ±0.1V don ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ±10% don ƙarfin haske, da ±1.0nm don tsawon tsawon rinjaye.
2.3 Zaɓin Na'ura da Rarraba
LED yana amfani da kayan AlGaInP chip don samar da launin rawaya mai haske. Launin guduro shine rawaya mai karkatarwa. Takardar bayanan tana nuna tsarin rarraba don mahimman sigogi, ko da yake takamaiman lambobin kwandon don ƙarfin haske (CAT), tsawon tsawon rinjaye (HUE), da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (REF) ana komawa ga su a cikin bayanin lakabin marufi, yana nuna samfurin yana samuwa a cikin matakan aiki da aka tsara don biyan bukatun daidaito na musamman na aikace-aikace.
3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanan ta ƙunshi jadawali masu yawa na halaye waɗanda ke ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
3.1 Rarraba na Bakan da Angular
LanƙwasaƘarfin Dangantaka da Tsawon Tsawonta nuna bakan fitarwa a kusa da 591 nm. TsarinDaidaitawayana kwatanta kusurwar kallo ta digiri 180, yana tabbatar da ingancin ruwan tabarau mai karkatarwa wajen yada haske.
3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Zafi
LanƙwasaHalin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa IV)ta kwatanta dangantakar da ba ta layi ba, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu. LanƙwasaƘarfin Dangantaka da Halin Yanzu na Gabata nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke karuwa tare da halin yanzu, mai mahimmanci don sarrafa haske.
LanƙwasaƘarfin Dangantaka da Zafin YanayidaHalin Yanzu na Gaba da Zafin Yanayijadawali suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafi. Suna nuna yadda ingancin haske ke raguwa da kuma buƙatun halin yanzu na gaba yana canzawa yayin da zafin aiki ke tashi, yana nuna bukatar isasshen nutsewar zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen babban wutar lantarki ko babban zafin yanayi.
4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
4.1 Girman Marufi
An ba da cikakken zane mai girma. Muhimman bayanan sun ƙayyade cewa duk girmansu suna cikin milimita, tsayin flange dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm, kuma juriyar gaba ɗaya ita ce ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da tabbatar da dacewar haɗawa cikin taron.
4.2 Ganewar Polarity da Dora
Yayin da aka nuna takamaiman ganewar jagora a cikin zanen girma, daidaitaccen aiki don radial LEDs ya ƙunshi gano cathode (korau jagora) sau da yawa ta hanyar gajeriyar jagora, wuri mai lebur akan ruwan tabarau, ko tsaga a cikin flange. Takardar bayanan ta jaddada mahimmancin daidaita ramukan PCB daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar hawa.
5. Ka'idojin Gyaɗa da Hawa
Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin LED da tsawon rai.
5.1 Samuwar Jagora
- Lankwasa dole ne ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga tushen kwalliyar epoxy.
- Samuwar dole ne a yikafin soldering.
- Guji damuwa da marufi; yanke dole ne a yi shi a zafin daki.
- Daidaitaccen daidaitawa tare da ramukan PCB ya zama dole don hana damuwa.
5.2 Sigogin Gyaɗa
An ba da shawarwarin yanayi don duka gyaɗa da hannu da na tsoma:
- Gyaɗa Hannu:Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe 300°C (30W matsakaicin), matsakaicin lokacin gyaɗa dakika 3.
- Gyaɗa Tsoma:Matsakaicin zafin preheat 100°C (60 sec matsakaicin), zafin wanka na gyaɗa matsakaicin 260°C na dakika 5.
- Dole ne a kiyaye mafi karancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin gyaɗa zuwa kwalliyar epoxy don duka hanyoyin.
- An haɗa zanen bayanin gyaɗa, yana mai da hankali kan ingantaccen haɓaka, matsakaicin zafin jiran aiki, da sarrafa sanyaya don hana girgizar zafi.
- Gyaɗa (tsoma ko hannu) bai kamata a yi shi fiye da sau ɗaya ba.
- Dole ne a kare LEDs daga girgiza na injiniya har sai sun yi sanyi zuwa zafin daki bayan gyaɗa.
5.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, yi amfani da barasa na isopropyl a zafin daki ba fiye da minti ɗaya ba. Ana ƙarfafa tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonic amma, idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, dole ne a riga an cancanta don guje wa lalata marufin LED.
5.4 Yanayin Ajiya
Ya kamata a adana LEDs a ≤30°C da ≤70% Yanayin Yanayi. Rayuwar ajiya bayan jigilar kaya watanni 3 ne. Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), dole ne a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar iska tare da yanayin nitrogen da desiccant.
6. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakunkunan anti-static, ana sanya su a cikin akwatunan ciki, kuma a ƙarshe ana jigilar su a cikin akwatunan waje. Matsakaicin adadin marufi shine aƙalla guda 200-500 a kowace jakar, jakuna 5 a kowace akwati na ciki, da akwatunan ciki 10 a kowace babban (waje) akwati.
6.2 Bayanin Lakabi
Lakabi akan marufi sun ƙunshi lambobi da yawa:
- CPN:Lambar Samar da Abokin Ciniki
- P/N:Lambar Samarwa (Lambar Bangaren Na'ura)
- QTY:Adadin Marufi
- CAT, HUE, REF:Lambobin kwandon don Ƙarfin Hasken, Tsawon Tsawon Mai Rinjaye, da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba, bi da bi.
- LOT No:Lambar Rukunin Masana'antu don bin sawu.
7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira
7.1 Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
Wannan LED ya dace da amfani azaman nuni ko haske baya a cikin:
- Na'urorin Talabijin
- Monitocin Kwamfuta
- Wayoyi
- Na'urorin Kwamfuta na Gabaɗaya
7.2 Muhimman La'akari da Ƙira
Gudanar da Zafi:Kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin lanƙwasa aiki, ingancin LED yana raguwa tare da zafin jiki. Dole ne ƙirar ta tabbatar da cewa zafin haɗin yana kasancewa cikin iyakoki masu aminci ta la'akari da halin yanzu na gaba, zafin yanayi, da kuma kayan aikin zafi na PCB. Wuce matsakaicin rage wutar lantarki (60mW) ko zafin aiki na iya rage tsawon rai da fitarwar haske sosai.
Tukin Halin Yanzu:Dole ne a tuka LED tare da tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko daidaitaccen resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu, wanda aka lissafta bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (na yau da kullun 2.0V, matsakaicin 2.4V). Dole ne da'irar ta mutunta cikakkiyar matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba na 25 mA.
ESD da Hancin Danshi:An tattara na'urar a cikin kayan da ba su da danshi, anti-static. Ya kamata a bi ƙa'idodin ESD (Fitar da Lantarki) na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa don hana lalacewa daga lantarki.
8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
8.1 Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LEDs na rawaya, masu bambanta na wannan na'ura sunefa'idar kallo mai fadi sosai na digiri 180saboda ruwan tabarau mai karkatarwa, dabin ka'idojin halogen-free masu tsauri(Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm), da kuma ƙirarsa donaikace-aikacen haske mafi girma. Fasahar AlGaInP chip takan ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen launi don launukan rawaya/amber idan aka kwatanta da wasu tsofaffin fasahohi.
8.2 Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin kololuwar tsawon tsawon da tsawon tsawon rinjaye?
A: Kololuwar tsawon tsawon (λp) ita ce madaidaicin ƙarfin bakan. Tsawon tsawon rinjaye (λd) shine tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ke gane wanda ya dace da launin hasken. Ga LEDs, sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba.
Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30mA don ƙarin haske?
A: A'a. Matsakaicin Ma'auni Mafi Girma don ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba shine 25 mA. Wuce wannan ƙimar yana lalata dogaro kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Don haske mafi girma, zaɓi LED da aka auna don halin yanzu mafi girma.
Q: Me yasa kiyaye nisa na 3mm daga haɗin gyaɗa zuwa kwalliya yake da mahimmanci haka?
A: Wannan yana hana wuce gona da iri na zafi daga jagora ya lalata die na semiconductor na ciki ko guduro na epoxy, wanda zai iya haifar da fashewa, rabuwa, ko canje-canje a cikin kaddarorin gani.
Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon (CAT, HUE, REF) akan lakabin?
A> Waɗannan lambobin sun dace da takamaiman kewayon ƙarfin haske, tsawon tsawon rinjaye, da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, bi da bi. Tuntubi takamaiman takardar ƙayyadaddun kwandon mai kera don fahimtar ainihin kewayon aikin da ke da alaƙa da kowace lamba, yana ba da damar ƙarin daidaito a cikin aikace-aikacenku.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |