Bayanin Fasaha na LED 2835 Farin Sanyi - Kunshin 2.8x3.5mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.8V - Haske 28lm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayanan fasaha na babban LED mai Farin Sanyi wanda ake haɗawa a saman allo (SMD) a cikin tsarin kunshin 2835 na masana'antu. An ƙera wannan na'urar don amintacce da kuma aiki mai daidaito a cikin yanayi masu wuyar gaske, tana da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 da ƙarfin gini wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen haske da nuni iri-iri.

Muhimman fa'idodin wannan sashi sun haɗa da ingantaccen haske, daidaiton halayen launi a cikin yanayi daban-daban na aiki, da kuma bin ƙa'idodin cancantar matakin mota (AEC-Q101). Manyan kasuwannin da aka yi niyya sun haɗa da tsarin hasken cikin mota, hasken baya na nuni da maɓallai, da aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar fitar da farin haske mai daidaito.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Lantarki

Na'urar tana aiki tare da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 60mA, a cikin iyakar da aka yarda daga 10mA zuwa 80mA. A wannan matsakaicin halin yanzu, tana fitar da ƙarfin haske (Φ_v) na lumens 28 (lm), tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 24 lm da matsakaicin 40 lm kamar yadda tsarin rarrabawa ya tanada. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) shine volts 2.8, daga 2.5V zuwa 3.5V. Babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa ana siffanta shi da Farin Sanyi tare da daidaitattun ma'auni na launi na CIE 1931 a x=0.3292, y=0.3424, tare da juzu'i na ±0.005. Ma'aunin Nuna Launi (Ra) an ƙayyade shi a mafi ƙanƙanta 80, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen launi ga abubuwan da aka haskaka.

2.2 Sigogi na Zafi da Amincewa

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED. An ƙayyade juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin gyaɗa tare da ƙimomi biyu: ma'aunin lantarki (R_{th JS el}) na 50 K/W da ainihin ma'auni (R_{th JS real}) na 100 K/W. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_J) shine 125°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +110°C. Tana da kariya mai ƙarfi daga ESD, tana iya jurewa har zuwa 8 kV (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Sashin ya cancanci matakin hankali ga danshi (MSL) 2 kuma ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen da suka dace da JEDEC J-STD-020D.

2.3 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga na Cikakke

Bin waɗannan iyakoki yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ta dindindin. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsi na ci gaba (P_d) shine 280 mW. Halin yanzu na gaba bai kamata ya wuce 80 mA ba a ci gaba. An ƙayyade halin yanzu na ƙaruwa (I_FM) na 1500 mA don yanayin bugun jini. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki tare da karkatar da baya ba. Matsakaicin zafin gyaɗa yayin sake kwarara shine 260°C na dakika 30.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba fitarwar LED zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin kayan samarwa. Babban rarrabawa ya dogara ne akan Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Haske mai alaƙa.

3.1 Rukunin Ƙarfin Haske

An haskaka rukunin ƙarfin haske da ake samu don wannan samfurin a cikin tebur na bayanan. Suna kewayo daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin fitarwa kamar B1 (21-24 lm) zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyin fitarwa. Matsakaicin sashi, kamar yadda aka jera a cikin halaye, yana cikin rukunin B7 (27-30 lm) ko makamancin haka, bisa ga matsakaicin ƙimar 28 lm. Dole ne masu ƙira su zaɓi lambar rukunin da ya dace yayin yin oda don tabbatar da ƙarfin hasken da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa IV)

Zanen yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba, ta yau da kullun ga LEDs. Ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma ƙimar ƙaruwa tana raguwa kaɗan a manyan halayen yanzu. Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi mai iyakance halin yanzu.

4.2 Ƙarfin Haske Mai Alaƙa da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Fitar haske yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da halin yanzu a ƙananan matakan kuma ya zama mafi layi yana kusanci da matsakaicin maki 60mA. Yin aiki sosai sama da 60mA yana haifar da raguwar riba a cikin inganci da ƙara matsin zafi.

4.3 Ƙarfin Haske Mai Alaƙa da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa

Wannan zane ne mai mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Fitarwa a 100°C ya fi ƙasa sosai fiye da a 25°C. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen nutsewar zafi don kiyaye ƙarfin haske mai tsayi a tsawon rayuwar samfurin.

4.4 Canjin Launi da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa da Halin Yanzu

Zane-zane na ΔCIE x da ΔCIE y suna nuna ƙananan sauye-sauye a cikin ma'auni na launi tare da canje-canje a cikin duka zafin haɗin gwiwa da halin yanzu na gaba. Sauye-sauyen suna cikin ƙaramin kewayon (±0.02), yana nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na launi, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen farin batu.

4.5 Lanƙwasa Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa tana ayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda a ci gaba a matsayin aikin zafin wurin gyaɗa. Misali, a zafin wurin gyaɗa na 90°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu shine 80 mA. A 110°C, yana raguwa zuwa kusan 53 mA. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki ƙasa da 10mA.

4.6 Ƙarfin Sarrafa Bugun Jini da Aka Yardashi

Wannan zanen yana ba masu ƙira damar tantance amintattun halayen yanzu na kololuwar bugun jini (I_F(A)) don faɗin bugun jini daban-daban (t_p) da zagayowar aiki (D). Yana ba da damar yin amfani da manyan halayen yanzu na nan take don aikin bugun jini, kamar a cikin haske mai yawa ko alamun ƙyalli, ba tare da wuce matsakaicin iyakokin ƙarfi ba.

4.7 Rarraba Siffa

Zanen rarraba ƙarfin siffa mai alaƙa yana nuna kololuwa a cikin yankin tsawon raƙuman ruwa shuɗi (kusa da 450-460nm) daga guntun LED, haɗe da faɗaɗɗen fitarwa na rawaya daga phosphor, wanda ke haifar da siffar Farin Sanyi. Rashin fitarwa mai mahimmanci a cikin yankuna ja mai zurfi ko infrared shine na yau da kullun ga fararen LEDs.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED yana amfani da sawun kunshin 2835, wanda yawanci yana da girma kusan 2.8mm a tsayi da 3.5mm a faɗi. Cikakken zanen girma, gami da tsayi, siffar ruwan tabarau, da wuraren gyaɗa, an ba da su a cikin sashin girman injiniya na bayanan. Juzu'i yana da mahimmanci don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanya.

5.2 Gano Ƙarfi da Ƙirar Gyaɗa

An yiwa anode da cathode alama akan na'urar, yawanci tare da alamar gani kamar tsaga ko alama kore a gefen cathode. An ba da shimfidar wurin gyaɗa da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da haɗin gyaɗa mai aminci, ingantaccen watsa zafi zuwa PCB, da kuma hana kabari yayin sake kwarara. Ƙirar gyaɗa sau da yawa tana haɗa da hanyoyin zafi a ƙarƙashin wurin zafi na na'urar don canja wurin zafi zuwa wasu yadudduka na PCB ko mai sanyaya zafi.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Sake Gyaɗa

An ƙayyade cikakken bayanin sake kwarara don hana girgizar zafi da lalacewa. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da gangaren dumama, yankin jiƙa, matsakaicin zafin da bai wuce 260°C ba, da ƙimar sanyaya da aka sarrafa. Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) da lokacin cikin 5°C na matsakaicin zafin jiki mahimman ƙuntatawa ne waɗanda dole ne a bi su don kiyaye ingancin haɗin gyaɗa da amincin LED.

6.2 Kariya don Amfani

Kariya na gabaɗaya na sarrafawa sun haɗa da guje wa matsi na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, hana gurɓata saman gani, da amfani da kariyar ESD da ta dace yayin sarrafawa. Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin ainihin jakar shinge na danshi tare da busassun abu idan matakin MSL ya wuce ko an buɗe jakar fiye da ƙayyadaddun rayuwar bene.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana ba da LEDs akan tef da reel don dacewa da kayan haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri. Bayanin kunshi ya ƙididdige girman reel, faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da kusurwar abubuwan akan tef. Tsarin lambar sashi yana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar lambar samfurin tushe (misali, 67-11S-C80600H-AM), wanda zai iya yin daidai da takamaiman rukunin ƙarfin haske/launi. Sashen bayanin oda yana fayyace yadda ake ƙayyade lambobin rukunin da ake so da adadin kunshi.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Hasken Cikin Mota:Hasken dashboard, hasken baya na maɓalli, fitilun karatu, da maɓallan tsarin nishadi. Cancantar AEC-Q101 ta sa ya dace da waɗannan aikace-aikacen yanayi masu wuyar gaske.
• Hasken Baya:Ya dace da allunan LCD masu haske gefe ko kai tsaye, maɓallan membrane, alamomin alama, da ƙananan nuni na talla saboda haskensa mai ƙarfi da faɗin kusurwar kallo.
• Nuni na Gabaɗaya:Alamomin matsayi, fitilun panel, da hasken ado inda ake son farin batu mai sanyi.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Tuƙi mai tsayayyen halin yanzu wajibi ne don tabbatar da ƙarfin haske mai tsayi da launi. Dole ne a ƙera tuƙin bisa ga V_Fkewayon da kuma buƙatun I_F.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Dole ne shimfidar PCB ta sauƙaƙe watsa zafi. Ana ba da shawarar sosai amfani da wurin gyaɗa mai sauƙaƙe zafi wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar hanyoyi da yawa zuwa filin ƙasa ko zubar da tagulla. Dole ne a duba lanƙwasa rage ƙimar don yanayin yanayin aiki da ake tsammani.
• Ƙirar Gani:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 rarraba ne kamar na Lambertian. Don haske mai mai da hankali ko jagora, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu haskakawa). Ya kamata a yi la'akari da kayan ruwan tabarau na LED da kansa lokacin ƙirar abubuwan rufewa ko masu watsawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Idan aka kwatanta da matakan kasuwanci na yau da kullun na LEDs 2835, mahimman bambance-bambancen wannan na'urar sune cancantar mota (AEC-Q101) da mafi girman ƙayyadaddun aminci. Tana ba da ingantaccen mafita ga aikace-aikacen inda zagayowar zafi, danshi, da amincin dogon lokaci suke da mahimmanci. Ƙayyadaddun kariyar ESD na 8kV shima ya fi yawancin LEDs na asali, yana ba da ingantaccen sarrafawa. Cikakken tsarin rarrabawa yana ba da ƙarin sarrafawa akan fitar haske don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito a cikin raka'a da yawa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadata 3.3V ko 5V?

A: A'a. LED na'urar ce da halin yanzu ke tuƙa. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ko, zai fi dacewa, da'irar tuƙi mai tsayayyen halin yanzu. Ƙimar resistor da ake buƙata ta dogara ne akan ƙarfin wadata da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a halin yanzu da ake so.

Q: Me yasa akwai ƙimomin juriyar zafi daban-daban guda biyu (50 K/W da 100 K/W)?

A: Hanyar lantarki (50 K/W) ma'auni ne mai sauri amma zai iya ƙididdige ainihin juriyar zafi. Ainihin ma'auni (100 K/W) ya fi daidaito kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don ƙirar zafi mai mahimmanci. Koyaushe yi amfani da ƙimar da ta fi ra'ayin kai (mafi girma) don ƙira mai aminci.

Q: Me zai faru idan na yi aiki da LED a matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa na 125°C?

A: Yin aiki a matsakaicin ƙididdiga na cikakke zai rage rayuwar LED sosai saboda saurin raguwar lumen da yuwuwar lalacewar phosphor. Ya kamata ƙira ta yi niyya don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a ƙasa yadda zai yiwu, a ƙa'ida ƙasa da 85°C don dogon rayuwa.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar rukunin lokacin yin oda?

A> Lambar rukunin (misali, B7) tana ayyana tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske don wannan rukunin LEDs. Dole ne ka ƙayyade rukunin da ake buƙata a cikin odarka don tabbatar da cewa ka karɓi LEDs tare da aikin da ake buƙata don daidaiton haske na aikace-aikacenka.

11. Misalan Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

11.1 Hasken Baya na Rukunin Dashboard na Mota

A cikin wannan aikace-aikace, an shirya LEDs da yawa don samar da daidaitaccen hasken baya don ma'auni da allon LCD. Abubuwan ƙira sun haɗa da: zaɓin rukunin ƙarfin haske iri ɗaya (misali, B7) don guje wa wurare masu haske/duhu; yin amfani da tsarin tuƙi mai tsayayyen halin yanzu wanda za'a iya dushewa ta PWM don sarrafa haske; aiwatar da ingantaccen ƙirar zafi akan PCB don sarrafa babban yanayin zafi a cikin dashboard na mota; da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙirar gani (jagororin haske, masu watsawa) ta dace da tsarin fitarwa na digiri 120 na LED don cimma daidaitaccen haske.

11.2 Alamar Panel Sarrafa Masana'antu

Don alamar matsayi akan injin masana'antu, ana iya amfani da LED guda ɗaya. Za a iya ƙirar da'ira mai sauƙi tare da resistor a jere daga wadata 24V DC, lissafin ƙimar resistor kamar R = (24V - V_F) / I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 3.5V yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce 60mA ba ko da ga manyan V_Fna'urori. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alama daga matsayi daban-daban na ma'aikaci.

12. Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan farar LED ce da aka canza phosphor. Tushen shine guntun semiconductor (yawanci bisa InGaN) wanda ke fitar da haske a cikin siffar shuɗi lokacin da aka karkata gaba (electroluminescence). Wannan hasken shuɗi yana buga wani Layer na phosphor rawaya (kuma sau da yawa ja) wanda aka ajiye a kan ko kewaye da guntun. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da shi azaman faɗaɗɗen siffar hasken rawaya da ja. Haɗuwar sauran hasken shuɗi da canza hasken rawaya/ja idon mutum yana ganinsa azaman farin haske. Ainihin rabon hasken shuɗi zuwa hasken da aka canza phosphor yana ƙayyade daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT), wanda ke haifar da ƙayyadaddun "Farin Sanyi" na wannan na'urar.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin SMD LEDs kamar kunshin 2835 yana zuwa ga mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen nuna launi (mafi girman ƙimar CRI da R9 don nuna ja), da mafi girman aminci a manyan yanayin zafi na aiki. Haka nan akwai kuzari don mafi ƙarfin daidaiton launi (ƙananan ellipses na MacAdam) da ƙarancin farashi kowace lumen. A cikin aikace-aikacen mota, buƙatar ita ce ga LEDs waɗanda za su iya jurewa har ma mafi girman kewayon zafi da ƙarin zagayowar zafi mai ƙarfi. Haɗa na'urorin lantarki na tuƙi da guntuwar LED da yawa cikin fakitin guda ɗaya (COB - Chip-on-Board, ko haɗaɗɗun na'urorin LED) wani muhimmin yanayi ne, kodayake ɓangarori daban-daban kamar wannan LED 2835 sun kasance masu mahimmanci don sassauƙa, ƙirar haske da aka rarraba.