Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED 523-2SDRD/S530-A3 - Ja Mai Zurfi - Kallon Kwanar 120° - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.0V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 60mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na fitilar LED ja mai zurfi mai ƙarfi wacce aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP wacce aka lulluɓe a cikin resin ja mai yaduwa, tana samar da haske tare da tsawon raƙuman ruwa na firamare kusan 639 nm. An siffanta shi da faɗin kwanar kallo na digiri 120 kuma ana bayar da shi akan tef da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik.

An ƙera samfurin don zama abin dogaro da ƙarfi, yana bin ƙa'idodin muhalli da aminci da suka haɗa da RoHS, EU REACH, da buƙatun marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Aikace-aikacensa na farko sun haɗa da amfani a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci kamar na'urorin talabijin, na'urorin lura, wayoyi, da kwamfutoci inda ake buƙatar nuni ja mai bayyana.

2. Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Kada a yi amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki, domin yin hakan na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (I_F): 25 mA
• Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD): 2000 V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum)
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (V_R): 5 V
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 60 mW
• Zazzabin Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabin Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +100°C
• Zazzabin Solder (T_sol): 260°C na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Duk ma'auni ana auna su a zazzabin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C da ƙarfin wutar gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v): Na al'ada 16 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta 10 mcd)
• Kwanar Kallo (2θ_1/2): digiri 120 (Na al'ada)
• Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwa (λ_p): 650 nm (Na al'ada)
• Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Firamare (λ_d): 639 nm (Na al'ada)
• Faɗin Bakan Raɗaɗin Raƙuman Ruwa (Δλ): 20 nm (Na al'ada)
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F): Na al'ada 2.0 V (Matsakaici 2.4 V)
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (I_R): Matsakaici 10 μA a V_R=5V

Lura: Rashin tabbas na aunawa shine ±10% don ƙarfin haske, ±0.1V don ƙarfin wutar gaba, da ±1.0nm don tsawon raƙuman ruwa na firamare.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da lankwaso na halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙira da'ira da gudanar da zafi.

3.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin bakan, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a tsawon raƙuman ruwa na kololuwa na 650 nm tare da faɗin bakan na al'ada na 20 nm, yana tabbatar da fitar da launin ja mai zurfi.

3.2 Tsarin Jagora

Zanen iyakacin duniya yana kwatanta kwanar kallo na digiri 120, yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin haske a kusurwa. Tsarin yana da al'ada ga LED irin na fitila mai ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa.

3.3 Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Wannan jadawali yana kwatanta alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar gaba na al'ada shine 2.0V a 20mA. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi amfani da resistors masu iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko direbobi masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki bisa wannan lankwasa.

3.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba

Fitowar haske (matsakaicin ƙarfi) yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar gaba amma ba cikakken layi ba ne. Ana haramta aiki sama da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar 25mA kuma zai rage tsawon rayuwa.

3.5 Halayen Zafi

An ba da jadawali guda biyu masu mahimmanci:

Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Zazzabin Yanayi: Yana nuna cewa fitowar haske yana raguwa yayin da zazzabin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin ƙira don wurare masu zafi.

Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba Dangane da Zazzabin Yanayi: Yana nuna yadda ya kamata a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba da aka halatta yayin da zazzabin yanayi ya tashi sama da 25°C don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakar ragewar wutar lantarki na 60mW.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana zaune a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin zagaye na 5mm (wanda ake kira da T-1 3/4). Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin milimita.
• Tsayin flange (ƙafar gindin dome) dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm.
• Juriya na gabaɗaya don girma shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akan zane.
• Zanen yana nuna tazarar jagora, diamita na jiki, da tsayin gabaɗaya, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙira ƙafar PCB.

4.2 Gano Ƙarfin Lantarki

Doguwar jagora tana nuna anode (tabbatacce), kuma gajeriyar jagora tana nuna cathode (maras kyau). Wannan shine daidaitaccen al'ada don LEDs masu ratsa rami. Hakanan ana iya nuna cathode ta wurin fili a kan flange na ruwan tabarau na filastik.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dogaro da hana lalata LED.

5.1 Siffantar Ƙafar

• Lankwasa jagora a wani batu aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwalliyar epoxy.
• Yi siffantar jagorakafin soldering.
• Kauce wa damuwa ga fakitin yayin lankwasa.
• Yanke jagora a zazzabin daki.
• Tabbatar ramukan PCB sun yi daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar hawa.

5.2 Ajiya

• Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi na Dangi (RH). Tsawon rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni 3 a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan.
• Don ajiya fiye da watanni 3, yi amfani da akwati mai rufaffiyar iska tare da yanayin nitrogen da desiccant har zuwa shekara 1.
• Kauce wa sauye-sauyen zazzabi cikin sauri a cikin wurare masu ɗanɗano don hana hazo.

5.3 Tsarin Solder

Dokar Gabaɗaya: Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa kwalliyar epoxy.

Solder da Hannu:

• Zazzabin Ƙarshen Ƙarfe: Matsakaici 300°C (don ƙarfe mai matsakaicin 30W).
• Lokacin Solder: Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 3 kowace jagora.

Solder na Wave (DIP):

• Zazzabin Gabatarwa: Matsakaici 100°C (na matsakaicin daƙiƙa 60).
• Zazzabin Wanka Solder & Lokaci: Matsakaici 260°C na daƙiƙa 5.

Mahimman Bayanan Solder:

• Kauce wa damuwa akan jagora yayin da kuma nan da nan bayan solder yayin da LED yake da zafi.
• Kada ku yi solder (nutsar da ko hannu) fiye da sau ɗaya.
• Kare LED daga girgiza / girgiza na inji har sai ya yi sanyi zuwa zazzabin daki.
• Yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin zazzabin da ke cimma haɗin solder mai dogaro.
• Bi shawarar bayanin solder da aka ba da shawara (gabatarwa, laminar wave, sanyaya) don rage girgizar zafi.

5.4 Tsaftacewa

• Idan ya cancanta, tsaftace kawai da barasa na isopropyl a zazzabin daki na ≤1 minti.
• Bushewa da iska a zazzabin daki.
• Kada ku yi amfani da tsaftacewa ta ultrasonicsai dai idan ya zama dole kuma kawai bayan gwaje-gwajen kafin cancanta sun tabbatar da cewa babu lalacewa da ya faru.

5.5 Gudanar da Zafi

Dole ne a yi la'akari da gudanar da zafi yayin lokacin ƙira aikace-aikace. Dole ne a rage ƙarfin wutar gaba da ya dace bisa ga zazzabin yanayi na aiki don hana wucewa matsakaicin zazzabin haɗuwa da ƙimar ragewar wutar lantarki, ta haka ne za a tabbatar da dogaron dogon lokaci.

6. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

An tattara LEDs don hana lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki mai tsanani (ESD) da danshi.

• Tattarawa na Farko: Jakunkuna masu hana lantarki.
• Tattarawa na Biyu: Akwatunan ciki.
• Tattarawa na Uku: Akwatunan waje.
• Adadin Tattarawa: 200 zuwa 500 guda kowace jakar. Jakuna 5 kowace akwati na ciki. Akwatunan ciki 10 kowace akwatin waje.

6.2 Bayanin Lakabi

Lakabi akan fakitin sun ƙunshi bayanan masu zuwa:

• CPN: Lambar Samar da Abokin Ciniki
• P/N: Lambar Samarwa (Lambar Bangare)
• QTY: Adadin Tattarawa
• CAT: Matsayi / Kwandon don Ƙarfin Hasken
• HUE: Matsayi / Kwandon don Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Firamare
• REF: Matsayi / Kwandon don Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba
• LOT No: Lambar Rukunin Masana'antu don bin sawu.

Wannan tsarin rarrabawa yana tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin lantarki da na gani sun faɗi cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakoki fiye da iyakokin bayanin fasaha gabaɗaya.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ɗira

7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Don amfani da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki akai-akai (misali, 5V ko 12V), resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya zama dole. Ƙimar resistor (R) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Ta amfani da V na al'ada_Fna 2.0V da I da ake so_Fna 20mA tare da wadata 5V: R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ω. Ya kamata a zaɓi resistor mai ƙimar wutar lantarki aƙalla (5V-2.0V)*0.020A = 0.06W.

7.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ɗira

• Tukin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Koyaushe ku tuka tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki akai-akai ko kuma ku yi amfani da resistor na jerin. Kada ku haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Ƙirar Zafi: Don ci gaba da aiki a manyan yanayin zafi ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, yi la'akari da yankin tagulla na PCB don nutsewar zafi.
• Ƙirar Gani: Kwanar kallo na 120° ya dace da masu nuni masu faɗi. Don ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, ana iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje.
• Kariya ta ESD: Aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD a cikin yanayin haɗawa da kuma akan PCB idan LED yana samun damar mai amfani.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED ja mai zurfi na AlGaInP yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman:

• vs. LEDs Ja na Al'ada: Tsawon raƙuman ruwa ja mai zurfi (639nm firamare) ya fi shiga cikin bakan ja fiye da LEDs ja na al'ada (~625nm), wanda zai iya zama da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amsawar bakan takamaiman.
• vs. LEDs Masu Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Wannan fitila ce mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (60mW matsakaici). Ba a ƙera shi don haskakawa ba amma don nuna matsayi da hasken baya inda ƙarancin farashi da sauƙaƙan da'irar tuƙi suke fifiko.
• Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci: Haɗuwa da faɗin kwanar kallo na 120°, ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba (~2.0V), da bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na zamani (RoHS, Marasa Halogen) ya sa ya dace da kewayon na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

9.1 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30mA don ƙarin haske?

No.Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar don ci gaba da ƙarfin wutar gaba shine 25 mA. Wucewa wannan ƙimar zai rage tsawon rayuwar LED sosai kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa nan da nan saboda yawan zafi ko damuwa.

9.2 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwa da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Firamare?

Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Kololuwa (650nm)shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda matsakaicin ƙarfin gani ya fi girma.

Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa na Firamare (639nm)shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ke ganin ya yi daidai da launin tushen haske. Yana daidai da na'urar gani. Masu ƙira ya kamata su koma tsawon raƙuman ruwa na firamare don aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci na launi.

9.3 Me ya sa yanayin ajiya (watanni 3) yake da muhimmanci?

Fakitin LED na iya ɗaukar danshi daga yanayi. Idan an yi wa fakitin da ke da danshi solder mai zafi, saurin ƙafewar danshi na iya haifar da rabuwa a ciki ko fashewa ("popcorning"). Tsawon rayuwar shiryayye na watanni 3 yana ɗaukar busasshiyar tattarawa ta masana'anta ta al'ada. Don ajiya mai tsawo, ana buƙatar yanayin busasshiyar nitrogen da aka ba da shawarar.

9.4 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarrabawa (CAT, HUE, REF)?

Waɗannan lambobin suna ƙayyade wane rukunin aiki na LED yake. Misali, duk LEDs masu takamaiman lambar HUE za su kasance da tsawon raƙuman ruwa na firamare a cikin kunkuntar iyaka (misali, 638-640nm). Wannan yana ba da damar daidaita launi da haske a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da LEDs da yawa. Tuntubi cikakken takardar rarrabawa na masana'anta don ainihin iyakokin da ke da alaƙa da kowace lamba.

10. Nazarin Aikin Ɗira na Aiki

10.1 Ɗira Mai Nuna Matsayi a Bangon Panel

Yanayi: Maɓallin wutar lantarki akan na'ura yana buƙatar nuni ja mai haske, mai faɗi. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin da ake da shi shine 3.3V.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Zaɓi ƙarfin wutar tuƙi. Don kyakkyawan haske da tsawon rayuwa, an zaɓi 15mA (da kyau ƙasa da matsakaicin 25mA).
2. Ƙididdigar Resistor: Ta amfani da matsakaicin V_F(2.4V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya: R = (3.3V - 2.4V) / 0.015A = 60 Ω. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen shine 62 Ω.
3. Ƙimar Wutar Lantarki na Resistor: P = (3.3V - 2.4V) * 0.015A = 0.0135W. Daidaitaccen resistor 1/8W (0.125W) ya fi isa.
4. Shimfidar PCB: Sanya resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin jerin anode na LED. Tabbatar tazarar ramukan PCB sun yi daidai da tazarar jagora na LED. Kawo ƙaramin yanki na tagulla wanda aka haɗa da jagoran cathode don ƙaramin zubar da zafi.
5. Daidaitawar Injiniya: Tabbatar diamita na ruwan tabarau na 5mm da tsayin flange da ake buƙata (<1.5mm) sun dace a cikin yankin da aka yanke da kuma bezel.

Wannan sauƙaƙan da'ira tana ba da mai nuni mai dogaro tare da sarrafa ƙarfin wutar lantarki da isasshen tazarar aminci.