Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Jerin EL253X - Kunshin 8-Pin DIP - Saurin 1Mbit/s - Keɓewa 5000Vrms - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyana Samfur

Jerin EL253X ya ƙunshi masu haɗa haske mai sauri biyu na transistor. Kowane na'ura ya haɗa diode mai fitar da infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa transistor mai gano haske mai sauri. Wani muhimmin siffa na tsari shine keɓantaccen haɗi don daidaita photodiode da tarin transistor na fitarwa. Wannan ƙirar tana haɓaka saurin aiki sosai ta hanyar rage ƙarfin tarin tushe na transistor na shigarwa idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin haɗa haske na al'ada. Ana ba da na'urorin a cikin daidaitaccen Kunshin Layi Biyu na 8-pin (DIP) kuma ana samun su tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don tazara mai faɗi da tsarin haɗawa ta saman.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwa da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idar jerin EL253X shine haɗin saurin watsa bayanai (har zuwa 1 Megabit a kowace dakika) da ƙarfin keɓewar lantarki. Wannan ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintaccen canja wurin sigina tsakanin da'irori tare da matakan ƙasa ko ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban. Muhimman siffofi masu goyan bayan wannan sun haɗa da babban juriyar canjin yanayi na gama-gari (CMTI) na 10kV/μs mafi ƙanƙanta don bambancin EL2611, yana tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayin lantarki mai hayaniya, da babban ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa na 5000 Vrms tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa. An garanti na'urorin su yi aiki a cikin faɗin zafin jiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, suna biyan bukatun masana'antu da na mota. Fitarwar ƙofar dabaru tana sauƙaƙe mu'amala tare da da'irori na dijital. Bin umarnin marasa gubar da RoHS, tare da amincewa daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya (UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO), suna jaddada amincinsu da dacewarsu ga kasuwannin duniya. Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi sun haɗa da masu karɓar layi, kayan aikin sadarwa, keɓewa don transistor masu ƙarfi a cikin injinan mota, madaukai na amsawa a cikin wadataccen wutar lantarki mai sauya (SMPS), kayan aikin gida, da kuma haɓakawa don ƙananan saurin masu haɗa haske na transistor.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'auni na lantarki da halayen aikin da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanan.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar yanayin aiki ba. Muhimman iyakoki sun haɗa da: ci gaba da gaba gaba (I_F) na 25mA, kololuwar gaba gaba (I_FP) na 50mA (50% aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 1ms), da babban ƙarfin wucin gadi (I_Ftrans) na 1A don ƙananan bugun jini (≤1μs). Fitarwa na iya jure ƙarfin lantarki (V_O) daga -0.5V zuwa 20V, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC) na iya kasancewa daga -0.5V zuwa 30V. Ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (V_ISO) an ƙididdige shi a 5000 Vrms na minti ɗaya, an gwada shi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin zafi. Ana iya sarrafa na'urar a cikin yanayin zafi (T_OPR) daga -40°C zuwa +100°C kuma a adana (T_STG) daga -40°C zuwa +125°C. An ƙayyade zafin gishiri (T_SOL) a matsayin 260°C na dakika 10, wanda shine daidaitaccen bayanin sake karkatar da maras gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, yawanci a 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi.

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci 1.45V ne a ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 16mA. Yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau kusan -1.9 mV/°C, ma'ana V_F yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 5V. Ƙarfin shigarwa (C_IN) yawanci 60pF ne, wanda shine abu a cikin aikin sauyawa mai sauri.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa

Ƙarfin fitarwa na dabaru mai girma (I_OH) yana da ƙasa sosai (misali 0.001µA a V_CC=5.5V), yana nuna kyakkyawan halayen ɗigon fitarwa a cikin yanayin kashewa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya bambanta sosai tsakanin jihohin dabaru: ƙarfin wutar lantarki na dabaru ƙasa (I_CCL) yawanci 140µA ne lokacin da aka kunna LED na shigarwa (I_F=16mA), yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na dabaru mai girma (I_CCH) yawanci 0.01µA ne kawai lokacin da shigarwa ta kashe. Wannan yana nuna ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin kashewa.

2.3 Halayen Canja wuri

Wannan yana ayyana alaƙar tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.

2.3.1 Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR)

CTR, ma'auni mai mahimmanci ga masu haɗa haske, shine rabon ƙarfin tarin fitarwa zuwa ƙarfin shigarwa na LED, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi. EL2530 yana da kewayon CTR na 7% zuwa 50%, yayin da EL2531 yana da mafi girman kewayon 19% zuwa 50% (duka a I_F=16mA, V_O=0.4V, V_CC=4.5V, 25°C). Saboda haka EL2531 shine bambancin mafi girma. Ana garantin mafi ƙanƙanta ƙimar CTR a 5% don EL2530 da 15% don EL2531 a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban kaɗan (V_O=0.5V).

2.3.2 Ƙarfin Fitarwa na Dabaru Ƙasa (V_OL)

Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa lokacin da na'urar ke cikin yanayin 'kunna' ko ƙasa. Ga EL2530, V_OL yawanci 0.18V ne tare da ƙarfin fitarwa (I_O) na 1.1mA. Ga EL2531, yawanci 0.25V ne tare da I_O=3mA. Matsakaicin V_OL na duka biyun shine 0.5V a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwajinsu, yana tabbatar da ingantattun matakan dabaru-ƙasa don mu'amala.

2.4 Halayen Sauya

Waɗannan sigogi suna da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen sauri. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a I_F=16mA da V_CC=5V.

2.4.1 Jinkirin Yaduwa

An auna jinkirin yaduwa zuwa dabaru ƙasa (t_PHL) da zuwa dabaru mai girma (t_PLH). Ga EL2530 tare da resistor ɗaukar nauyi 4.1kΩ (R_L), t_PHL yawanci 0.35µs ne (matsakaici 2.0µs) kuma t_PLH yawanci 0.5µs ne (matsakaici 2.0µs). Ga EL2531 tare da 1.9kΩ R_L, duka jinkirin yawanci 0.35µs da 0.3µs ne bi da bi (matsakaici 1.0µs). EL2531 yana nuna saurin sauyawa, wani ɓangare saboda babban CTR ɗinsa yana ba da damar amfani da ƙaramin resistor na ja sama.

2.4.2 Juriyar Canjin Yanayi na Gama-gari (CMTI)

CMTI yana auna ikon na'urar don ƙin saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa ƙasa. An ƙayyade shi a cikin Volts a kowace microsecond (V/µs). Duka EL2530 da EL2531 suna da mafi ƙanƙanta CMTI na 1000 V/µs da ƙimar al'ada na 10,000 V/µs don duka jihohin dabaru mai girma (CM_H) da dabaru ƙasa (CM_L). Yanayin gwaji ya bambanta: EL2530 yana amfani da bugun jini na gama-gari 10V pp, yayin da EL2531 ke amfani da bugun jini 1000V pp, yana nuna yuwuwar ƙarin ƙarfin gwaji don bambancin na ƙarshe a wannan fanni.

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana nufin lanƙwan halayen lantarki-haske na al'ada. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, yawanci sun haɗa da zane-zane na Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR) vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (I_F), CTR vs. Yanayin Yanayi (T_A), Jinkirin Yaduwa vs. Juriyar Kaya (R_L), da Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F) vs. I_F. Waɗannan lanƙwan suna da mahimmanci ga masu ƙira don fahimtar yadda sigogi ke canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa kyau ko daban-daban, kamar ƙananan ƙarfin tuƙi, yanayin zafi mafi girma, ko daban-daban tsarin kaya, suna ba da damar ƙirar da'ira mai ƙarfi a cikin takamaiman kewayon aiki.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar tana amfani da kunshin DIP 8-pin. Tsarin fil ɗin shine kamar haka: Pin 1: Anode (Tashar 1), Pin 2: Cathode (Tashar 1), Pin 3: Cathode (Tashar 2), Pin 4: Anode (Tashar 2), Pin 5: Ƙasa (GND), Pin 6: Fitarwa 2 (V_OUT2), Pin 7: Fitarwa 1 (V_OUT1), Pin 8: Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_CC). Ana samun kunshin a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan siffar jagora da yawa: daidaitaccen DIP, lanƙwasa mai faɗi (tazara 0.4-inch, zaɓi 'M'), da siffofin jagora na haɗawa ta saman (zaɓuɓɓuka 'S' da ƙananan 'S1').

5. Jagororin Gishiri da Taro

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zafin gishiri shine 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ya yi daidai da daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatar da maras gubar. Don gishiri mai igiyar ruwa ko gishiri na hannu, ya kamata a bi ayyukan daidaitattun don rami ko abubuwan SMD, girmama matsakaicin zafin jiki da iyakokin lokaci don hana lalacewar kunshin ko lalacewar kayan ciki. Ya kamata a adana na'urori a cikin yanayi a cikin kewayon zafin ajiya (-40°C zuwa +125°C) kuma a cikin kunshin mai damuwa da danshi idan ya dace don bambance-bambancen SMD don hana 'gwauron masara' yayin sake karkatarwa.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Lambar sashi tana bin tsari: EL253XY(Z)-V. 'X' yana nuna lambar sashi (0 don EL2530, 1 don EL2531). 'Y' yana nuna zaɓin siffar jagora: fanko don daidaitaccen DIP, 'M' don lanƙwasa mai faɗi, 'S' don haɗawa ta saman, 'S1' don ƙananan haɗawa ta saman. 'Z' yana ƙayyade zaɓin tef da reel: 'TA' ko 'TB' (nau'ikan reel daban-daban), ko fanko don kunshin bututu. 'V' wani kari ne na zaɓi don amincewar VDE. Adadin kunshin bututu 45 ne a kowace bututu don nau'ikan rami da 1000 a kowace reel don nau'ikan SMD na tef-da-reel.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

• Masu Karɓar Layi:Keɓance layukan sadarwar dijital (misali, RS-485, RS-422) don hana madaukai ƙasa da hayaniya.
• Keɓewar Tuƙin Motar:Providing gate drive signals to power transistors (IGBTs, MOSFETs) in variable frequency drives, isolating the low-voltage control logic from the high-voltage power stage.
• Amsawar Wadataccen Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauya (SMPS):Keɓance kuskuren amsawar sigina daga gefen sakandare (fitarwa) zuwa mai sarrafa farko (shigarwa), wani muhimmin buƙatu na aminci da aiki.
• Keɓewar Ƙasa na Dabaru:Rarraba ƙasa tsakanin ƙananan tsarin dijital masu hayaniya (misali, tsakanin microcontroller da IC direban mota) don hana haɗa hayaniya.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Keɓewar sigina a cikin da'irori masu ƙara, mu'amalar layi, ko kariyar layin bayanai.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Resistor Mai Iyakance Halin yanzu:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje a jere tare da LED na shigarwa don saita halin yanzu na gaba (I_F), yawanci zuwa shawarar 16mA don mafi kyawun sauri da CTR.
• Resistor na Ja Sama:Fitarwa tana buƙatar resistor na ja sama (R_L) zuwa V_CC. Ƙimarsa yana shafar saurin sauyawa da amfani da wutar lantarki. Takardar bayanan ta ƙayyade yanayin gwaji tare da 4.1kΩ don EL2530 da 1.9kΩ don EL2531.
• Cire Haɗin Wutar Lantarki:Sanya capacitor mai karkata (misali, 0.1µF) kusa da fil ɗin V_CC (Pin 8) da ƙasa don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da rage hayaniyar sauyawa.
• Shimfidawa don Babban CMTI:Don kiyaye babban CMTI, rage ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic tsakanin sassan shigarwa da fitarwa na shimfidar PCB. Samar da isasshen nisa na tsalle-tsalle da sharewa bisa ga ƙa'idodin aminci.
• Zaɓin EL2530 vs. EL2531:Zaɓi EL2531 don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin sauyawa mafi sauri ko inda ƙaramin ƙimar resistor na ja sama ya yarda. Ana iya zaɓar EL2530 don aikace-aikacen da ba su da ƙarancin buƙatun sauri ko inda ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin kunna (saboda mafi girma R_L) shine fifiko.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Jerin EL253X ya bambanta da daidaitattun masu haɗa haske na transistor da farko ta hanyar saurinsa (1Mbit/s idan aka kwatanta da yawanci <100kbit/s don nau'ikan daidaitattun). Keɓantaccen haɗin daidaita photodiode shine babban bambancin tsarin da ke ba da damar wannan. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masu haɗa haske masu sauri (kamar waɗanda ke da haɗaɗɗun ƙofofin dabaru ko masu keɓewa dijital mafi sauri), EL253X yana ba da fitarwa mai sauƙi, mai ƙarfi na transistor, wanda zai iya zama fa'ida a wasu aikace-aikacen analog ko canjin matakin, kuma yawanci yana zuwa da ƙaramin farashi. Tsarinsa na tashoshi biyu a cikin kunshin 8-pin guda ɗaya yana adana sararin allo idan aka kwatanta da amfani da na'urori guda ɗaya guda biyu.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin EL2530 da EL2531?

A: Babban bambanci shine garantin mafi ƙanƙanta Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR). EL2531 yana da mafi girma mafi ƙanƙanta CTR (15-19% dangane da yanayin gwaji) idan aka kwatanta da EL2530 (5-7%). Gabaɗaya wannan yana ba da damar EL2531 ya canza da sauri tare da takamaiman resistor ɗaukar nauyi ko amfani da babban resistor na ja sama don saurin guda, yana shafar amfani da wutar lantarki da ikon tuƙi.

Q: Zan iya kunna LED na shigarwa tare da tushen wutar lantarki kai tsaye?

A: A'a. Dole ne a kunna LED tare da tushen da aka iyakance halin yanzu, yawanci ana aiwatar da shi tare da resistor na jere daga wadataccen wutar lantarki. Takardar bayanan tana ba da halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) don taimakawa lissafin ƙimar resistor da ta dace don I_F da ake so (misali, 16mA).

Q: Menene ma'anar Juriyar Canjin Yanayi na Gama-gari (CMTI) na 10kV/µs?

A: Yana nufin yanayin fitarwa zai kasance daidai (ba zai canza ba) ko da bambancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa ƙasa ya canza a ƙimar har zuwa 10,000 volts a kowace microsecond. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin injinan tuƙin mota ko wadataccen wutar lantarki inda saurin sauyawar wutar lantarki mai girma ke haifar da manyan canje-canjen ƙasa.

Q: Ana buƙatar heatsink?

A: A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga don ɓarnar wutar lantarki (P_IN=45mW, P_O=35mW), ba a buƙatar heatsink. Ƙarfin da aka ɓata yana da ƙasa kaɗan. Daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB don ɓarkewar zafi yawanci ya isa.

10. Misalan Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Hali 1: Mai Faɗaɗa GPIO mai Keɓewa.Microcontroller yana buƙatar saka idanu kan maɓallan iyaka 12V a cikin panel ɗin masana'antu. Ta amfani da tashoshi shida na EL2531, GPIOs na microcontroller na 3.3V na iya kunna LEDs ta hanyar resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu. Fitarwar, wanda aka ja sama zuwa 12V, yana ba da ingantaccen siginar dabaru ga maɓallan. Keɓewar 5000Vrms yana kare microcontroller daga yuwuwar wucin gadi akan layukan masana'antu na 12V.

Hali 2: Direban Ƙofa don MOSFET Rabin Gada.A cikin mai sarrafa motar DC mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da tashar EL2531 guda ɗaya don tuƙi babban MOSFET. Ana kunna shigarwa ta hanyar siginar PWM daga mai sarrafawa. Fitarwar, wanda aka haɗa zuwa ƙofar MOSFET ta hanyar resistor ɗin ƙofa da ya dace kuma aka ja sama zuwa wadataccen tushe, yana ba da tuƙin ƙofa mai keɓewa. Babban CMTI yana tabbatar da siginar ƙofar ya kasance mai ƙarfi yayin saurin sauyawar gadar rabi.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Ka'idar asali ita ce juyawa na lantarki-haske. Halin yanzu da aka yi amfani da shi ga Diode mai fitar da Infrared na shigarwa (IRED) yana sa shi ya fitar da haske. Wannan haske yana ratsa shingen da ke bayyana ta hanyar haske amma yana keɓance lantarki (yawanci silicone ko irin wannan abu). Hasken ya bugi photodiode na mai gano da aka haɗa, yana haifar da halin yanzu na hoto. A cikin EL253X, wannan halin yanzu na hoto yana daidaita tushen transistor na fitarwa NPN kai tsaye, yana kunna shi kuma yana ja fil ɗin fitarwa (mai tarawa) ƙasa. Keɓantaccen haɗi don photodiode yana ba da damar amfani da halin yanzu na hoto da kyau don sauyawa, maimakon a raba shi da ɓangaren ƙarfin tarin tushe na transistor, wanda shine abin da ke iyakance sauri a cikin transistor na hoto na gargajiya.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Fagen keɓewar sigina yana ci gaba. Duk da yake masu haɗa haske na fitarwa na transistor kamar EL253X sun kasance masu dacewa sosai don sauƙinsu, ƙarfi, da ingancin farashi, ana lura da yawancin abubuwan da suka faru. Akwai motsi zuwa ga haɗakarwa mafi girma, kamar na'urori tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi don IGBTs/GaN FETs. Masu keɓewa dijital dangane da fasahar CMOS da RF ko haɗin ƙarfi suna ba da ƙimar bayanai mafi girma sosai (kwatankwacin Mbps zuwa ɗaruruwan Mbps), ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da mafi girman aminci (babu tsufa na LED). Duk da haka, masu haɗa haske suna riƙe da fa'idodi a wasu fannoni: babban ikon keɓewar ƙarfin lantarki, kyakkyawan juriyar canjin yanayi na gama-gari, da kariya ta asali ga filayen maganadisu. Mayar da hankali ga ci gaban masu haɗa haske ya haɗa da inganta sauri ƙari, rage girman kunshin (musamman don SMD), haɓaka aikin zafi mai girma, da haɓaka ma'auni na aminci kamar kwanciyar hankali na CTR na dogon lokaci.