Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyana Samfur
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Canja wuri
- 2.3 Halaye na Sauya
- 3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki
- 4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin
- 5. Jagororin Solder & Taro
- 6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
- 7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 7.2 Abubuwan La'akari da Ƙira
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Fa'idodi
- 9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
- 10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira & Amfani
- 11. Ka'idar Aiki
- 12. Trends na Fasaha
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayyana Samfur
Jerin EL053X yana wakiltar iyali na fotokoplolin transistor mai sauri, mai tashoshi biyu, wanda aka ƙera don keɓewar siginar amintacce a cikin aikace-aikacen lantarki masu ƙarfi. Kowane na'ura yana haɗa LED mai fitar da infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar gani zuwa transistor mai gano hoto mai sauri a cikin ƙaramin Kunshin Ƙananan Siffa (SOP) mai filaye 8. Babban aikin shine samar da keɓewar lantarki tsakanin da'irar shigarwa da fitarwa, hana madaukai na ƙasa, watsa amo, da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki daga lalata abubuwa masu hankali.
Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin tsarinsa. Ta hanyar samar da haɗin kai daban-daban don karkatar da photodiode da tarin transistor na fitarwa, an rage ƙarfin ƙarfin tushe-tarin transistor na shigarwa sosai. Wannan ƙirar ƙirar tana ƙara saurin sauyawa ta hanyar matakai da yawa idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin haɗin phototransistor na al'ada, yana ba da damar amintaccen watsa bayanai a ƙimar har zuwa 1 Megabit a kowace dakika (1Mbit/s).
Kasuwar da aka yi niyya don EL053X ta haɗa da sarrafa masana'antu, sadarwa, ƙirar wutar lantarki, da tsarin sarrafa mota inda juriyar amo, keɓewar aminci, da saurin watsa siginar suke da mahimmanci.
2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Halin Gaba na Shigarwa (IF):25 mA (ci gaba). Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu na tsayayye wanda za a iya tuƙa ta cikin LED na shigarwa.
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (IFP):50 mA. Wannan mafi girman halin yanzu yana halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (kashi 50% na aiki, faɗin bugun jini na 1ms) na ɗan lokaci.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (VR):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin karkatar da baya a kan LED na shigarwa.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Fitarwa (VO):-0.5 zuwa 20 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda akan filin tarin fitarwa dangane da fitarwa (ƙasa).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Wadata (VCC):-0.5 zuwa 30 V. Ƙarfin lantarki da aka wadata zuwa filin karkatar da photodiode (Pin 8).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Keɓewa (VISO):3750 Vrms. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci na aminci. Yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na AC (wanda aka yi amfani da shi na minti 1) wanda za a iya kiyaye shi tsakanin gefen shigarwa (filaye 1-4) da gefen fitarwa (filaye 5-8) ba tare da rushewa ba, yana tabbatar da amincin mai amfani da ingancin tsarin.
- Zafin Aiki (TOPR):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Matsakaicin zafin yanayi wanda aka tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki, kodayake an ƙayyade wasu ma'auni na lantarki daga 0°C zuwa 70°C.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Canja wuri
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada (Ta=0°C zuwa 70°C sai dai idan an lura).
Halayen Shigarwa:
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 1.4V a halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 16mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V. Ana amfani da wannan don ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ake buƙata don gefen shigarwa.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki (ΔVF/ΔTA):Kimanin -1.6 mV/°C. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, wanda shine halayyar diode na semiconductor na al'ada.
Halaye na Fitarwa & Canja wuri:Jerin ya haɗa da bambance-bambancen lambar sassa guda biyu, EL0530 da EL0531, waɗanda suka bambanta da farko a cikin Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR).
- Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR):Wannan shine rabon halin yanzu na tarin transistor na fitarwa zuwa halin yanzu na gaba na LED na shigarwa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi. Ma'auni ne na hankalin na'urar.
- EL0530:CTR mafi ƙanƙanta 7%, na al'ada har zuwa 50% a 25°C.
- EL0531:CTR mafi ƙanƙanta 19%, na al'ada har zuwa 50% a 25°C.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Ƙananan Fitarwa (VOL):Ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa lokacin da na'urar ke cikin yanayin \"kunna\" (LED yana ƙarfafawa). Misali, EL0531 yana da VOL na al'ada na 0.3V kuma matsakaicin 0.4V lokacin IF=16mA da IO=3mA. Ƙananan VOL yana da mahimmanci don siginar ƙananan dabaru mai tsabta.
- Halayen yanzu na Wadata (ICCL, ICCH):ICCL shine halin yanzu da filin VCC ya ja lokacin da LED na shigarwa ya kunna (na al'ada 120µA). ICCH shine halin yanzu lokacin da LED ya kashe (na al'ada 0.01µA). Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙididdige jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki na matakin keɓewa.
2.3 Halaye na Sauya
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin sauri, wanda aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (IF=16mA, Vcc=5V).
- Jinkirin Yaduwa (tPHL, tPLH):Jinkirin lokaci tsakanin gefen siginar shigarwa da amsawar fitarwa daidai.
- EL0530:Matsakaicin 2.0 µs (tare da RL=4.1kΩ).
- EL0531:Matsakaicin 1.0 µs (tare da RL=1.9kΩ).
- Rigakafin Canjin Yanayin Gama gari (CMH, CML):Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don juriyar amo a cikin tsarin keɓe. Yana auna matsakaicin ƙimar canji (dV/dt) na ƙarfin bugun jini wanda ya bayyana daidai a ɓangarorin biyu na shingen keɓewa wanda na'urar za ta iya jurewa ba tare da haifar da kuskuren fitarwa ba.
- Ga EL0531, mafi ƙarancin tabbataccen rigakafi shine 1000 V/µs don duka manyan jihohin fitarwa da ƙananan lokacin da aka yi amfani da bugun jini na yanayi gama gari (VCM). Manyan ƙimar CMTI (10,000 V/µs na al'ada don EL0530) suna tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin yanayi mai hayaniya kamar tuƙin mota ko wadataccen wutar lantarki mai sauyawa.
- Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR) vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (IF):Yana nuna yadda hankali ke canzawa tare da halin tuƙi. CTR sau da yawa yana raguwa kaɗan a IF mai girma sosai.
- CTR vs. Zafin Yanayi (TA):Yana kwatanta dogaro da zafin jiki na hankalin na'urar. CTR gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru.
- Jinkirin Yaduwa vs. Resistor na Nauyi (RL):Yana nuna ciniki tsakanin saurin sauyawa da amfani da wutar lantarki; ƙananan RL yana ba da sauri amma mafi girman halin yanzu na fitarwa.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF) vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (IF):Madaidaicin lanƙwan IV diode don LED na shigarwa.
- Anode (Shigar Tashoshi 1)
- Cathode (Shigar Tashoshi 1) <3>Cathode (Shigar Tashoshi 2)<4>Anode (Shigar Tashoshi 2)<5>Ƙasa (GND) - gama gari na gefen fitarwa<6>Vout 2 (Tarin Fitar Tashoshi 2)<7>Vout 1 (Tarin Fitar Tashoshi 1)<8>VCC (Wadataccen Karkatar da Photodiode)
- Kunshin Tube:Raka'a 100 a kowace bututu. Zaɓuɓɓuka sune daidaitaccen (babu ƙari) ko daidaitaccen tare da amincewar VDE (ƙari \"-V\").
- Kunshin Tep da Reel:Raka'a 2000 a kowace reel. An ƙera shi don haɗawa ta atomatik mai girma. Akwai lambobin zaɓin reel guda biyu: TA da TB. Waɗannan kuma za a iya haɗa su tare da zaɓin VDE (misali, \"(TA)-V\").
- Iyakance Halin yanzu na Shigarwa:Dole ne a haɗa resistor na waje a jere tare da LED na shigarwa don saita halin yanzu na gaba (IF). An ƙididdige ƙimar dangane da ƙarfin lantarki na wadata, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (VF ~1.4V), da IF da ake so (misali, 16mA don aikin da aka ƙidaya).
- Resistor na Ja-Sama na Fitarwa:Ana buƙatar resistor (RL) tsakanin tarin fitarwa (Vout) da ƙarfin lantarki na wadataccen fitarwa. Ƙimarsa tana shafar duka saurin sauyawa (ƙananan RL = mafi sauri) da amfani da wutar lantarki (ƙananan RL = mafi girman halin yanzu). Takaddun bayanai yana ba da yanayin gwaji (RL=4.1kΩ don EL0530, 1.9kΩ don EL0531) wanda ke tabbatar da jinkirin yaduwa da aka ƙayyade.
- Bypass Capacitor:Ya kamata a sanya ƙaramin capacitor na yumbu (misali, 0.1µF) kusa da filin VCC (8) da filin GND (5) don daidaita wadataccen karkatarwa na photodiode na ciki da rage amo.
- Juriyar Amo:Don ƙara fa'idar babban CMTI, tabbatar da tsari mai tsabta. Rage ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic tsakanin ɓangarorin shigarwa da fitarwa na shingen keɓewa akan PCB. Ka kiyaye alamun zuwa filayen shigarwa da fitarwa gajere.
- Mafi Girman Sauri:Bukatar mafi saurin keɓewar bayanai a cikin Ethernet na masana'antu, tuƙin servo, da ingantattun wadataccen wutar lantarki suna tura sauri fiye da 10 Mbit/s har ma zuwa cikin kewayon 100 Mbit/s, sau da yawa ta amfani da ƙarin ingantattun gine-gine kamar masu keɓewa na dijital ko ƙwararrun na'urorin haɗin gwiwa masu sauri.
- Mafi Girman Haɗin kai:Haɗin tashoshi da yawa (kamar EL053X mai tashoshi biyu), har ma haɗa keɓewa tare da wasu ayyuka kamar tuƙin ƙofa ko mu'amalar ADC a cikin kunshi ɗaya.
- Ingantaccen Aminci & Rayuwa:Mayar da hankali kan tsawon rayuwar aiki, musamman ga lalata LED, da mafi girman ma'auni na aminci kamar ƙimar FIT don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu.
- Ƙananan Ƙirar:Haɓaka ƙananan ƙafafun kunshin yayin kiyayewa ko inganta ƙimar keɓewa don adana sararin PCB a cikin ƙira masu ƙarfi.
- Ƙa'idodin Aminci da aka Inganta:Yin bin ƙa'idodin aminci na ƙasa da ƙasa masu tsauri (UL, VDE, CQC) da ƙa'idodin muhalli (RoHS, REACH) ya kasance buƙatu na asali.
3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki
Takaddun bayanai yana nufin \"Lanƙwan Halayen Lantarki-Gani na Al'ada.\" Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka cire ba, irin waɗannan lanƙwan yawanci sun haɗa da:
Waɗannan lanƙwan suna da mahimmanci ga masu ƙira don inganta aiki a cikin zafin aiki da kewayon halin yanzu da aka yi niyya.
4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin
An sanya na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen Kunshin Ƙananan Siffa (SOP) mai filaye 8. Wannan kunshin da aka ɗora a saman yana dace da ƙafar SO-8 na gama gari, yana sa ya dace da tsarin PCB na al'ada da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. Tsarin fil shine kamar haka:
Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya waɗanda ke ƙayyade girman kunshin, tazarar fil, da tsarin ƙafar PCB da aka ba da shawarar (ƙafar) yawanci suna cikin cikakken takaddun bayanai amma ba su nan a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba.
5. Jagororin Solder & Taro
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici ya ƙayyade zafin solder (TSOL) na 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan yana nufin matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda jikin na'urar ya samu yayin hanyoyin sake karkatar da solder. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da bayanin martabar sake karkatar da su ya bi wannan iyaka don hana lalacewar kunshin ko lalacewar haɗin gwiwa na ciki. Dole ne a bi ka'idojin IPC/JEDEC na al'ada don na'urorin da aka ɗora a saman don sarrafawa, hankalin danshi (idan ya dace), da ajiya.
6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
Jerin EL053X yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan kunshin sassauƙa don dacewa da ma'auni daban-daban na samarwa:
Dokar Lambar Sashi:EL053X(Z)-V
A ina:
- X= Bambance-bambancen lambar sashi (0 don EL0530, 1 don EL0531).
- Z= Zaɓin tep da reel (TA, TB, ko an tsallake shi don bututu).
- V= Alamar amincewar VDE na zaɓi (an haɗa idan \"-V\" ya kasance).
7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
Masu Karɓar Layi & Keɓewar Dabaru:Saurin gudu da kyakkyawan CMTI sun sa EL053X ya zama manufa don keɓe layukan sadarwar dijital (misali, RS-485, CAN, SPI) a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na masana'antu don karya madaukai na ƙasa da kare masu sarrafawa daga canje-canje.
Martani a cikin Wadataccen Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauya (SMPS):Ana amfani da shi don canja wurin siginar kuskuren martani daga gefen sakandare (fitarwa) zuwa mai sarrafa gefen farko a kan shingen keɓewa, buƙatu mai mahimmanci a cikin masu canzawa keɓe.
Keɓewar Tuƙin Ƙofa don Tuƙin Mota:Yana ba da hanyoyin siginar keɓe don tuƙi manyan transistor na wutar lantarki na gefen sama da ƙasan (IGBTs/MOSFETs) a cikin gadar inverter na mota, yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci da aminci.
Madadin Ƙananan Fotokoplolin Phototransistor:Yana ba da hanyar haɓakawa kai tsaye a cikin ƙirar da ke akwai waɗanda ke buƙatar mafi girman ƙimar bayanai ko mafi kyawun juriyar amo.
7.2 Abubuwan La'akari da Ƙira
8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Fa'idodi
Jerin EL053X ya bambanta kansa daga daidaitattun na'urorin haɗin phototransistor ta hanyar ƙirar sa ta keɓance don sauri. Na'urorin haɗin phototransistor na al'ada suna da tashar tushen phototransistor ba a haɗa su ba, wanda ke haifar da babban ƙarfin tushe-tarin wanda ke iyakance bandwidth sosai (sau da yawa zuwa ƙasa da 100 kHz). Ta hanyar fitar da karkatar da photodiode daban, EL053X yana amfani da photodiode yadda ya kamata a cikin yanayin hasken rana don tuƙi tushen transistor tare da ƙananan ƙarfi, yana rage tasirin ƙarfin Miller sosai kuma yana ba da damar aiki a 1Mbit/s.
Idan aka kwatanta da masu keɓewa na dijital masu rikitarwa da tsada (waɗanda ke amfani da fasahar CMOS da daidaitawar RF), EL053X yana ba da madaidaicin mafita na analog tare da babban juriyar amo na asali, sauƙi, da tabbataccen aminci a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfin lantarki, sau da yawa a farashi mai rahusa don aikace-aikacen da saurinsa ya isa.
9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
Q1: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin EL0530 da EL0531?
A1: Babban bambanci shine tabbataccen mafi ƙarancin Matsakaicin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR). EL0531 yana da mafi girman mafi ƙarancin CTR (19% vs. 7%), yana mai da shi mafi hankali. Wannan na iya ba da damar amfani da ɗan ƙaramin resistor na ja-sama (RL) don halin yanzu na fitarwa ɗaya, mai yuwuwar adana wutar lantarki, ko kuma yana ba da ƙarin gefen ƙira. Hakanan an gwada ƙayyadaddun saurin sauyawa tare da ƙimar RL daban-daban.
Q2: Shin zan iya aiki da na'urar a cikin cikakken zafin yanayi na 100°C?
A2: Matsakaicin zafin aiki shine -55°C zuwa +100°C. Duk da haka, an ƙayyade teburin halayen lantarki don 0°C zuwa 70°C. Don aiki har zuwa 100°C, dole ne ku tuntubi lanƙwan aiki na al'ada (kamar CTR vs. Zazzabi) don rage ma'auni, kamar yadda aikin (kamar CTR da sauri) zai ragu a manyan yanayin zafi. Na'urar za ta ci gaba da aiki, amma tare da rage gefuna.
Q3: Ta yaya zan tabbatar da kyakkyawan Rigakafin Canjin Yanayin Gama gari a cikin ƙirara?
A3: Na farko, zaɓi sashi tare da babban ƙayyadaddun CMTI kamar EL053X. Na biyu, aiwatar da kyawawan ayyukan tsarin PCB: rage juyawa da layin layi na alamun a ɓangarorin gaba da baya na shingen keɓewa, ƙirƙirar rata keɓe mai tsabta akan PCB (yawanci >8mm don 3750Vrms), kuma a yi amfani da zoben gadi ko ramukan keɓewa idan ya cancanta. Daidaitaccen karkatar da filin VCC shima yana da mahimmanci.
Q4: Shin ana buƙatar resistor na tushe na waje don transistor na fitarwa?
A4: A'a. Ba kamar phototransistor mai hankali ba, haɗin ciki tsakanin photodiode da tushen transistor an inganta shi a cikin kunshin. Kuna buƙatar samar da karkatar da VCC kawai da resistor na ja-sama na tarin waje (RL).
10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira & Amfani
Yanayi: Keɓewar Sadarwar SPI don Module na Na'ura.
Na'urar firikwensin tana cikin yanayi mai hayaniya na mota (tare da dabaru 24V) kuma tana buƙatar sadarwa tare da babban microcontroller na 3.3V wanda yake nisan mita 2. Bambance-bambancen yuwuwar ƙasa da hayaniyar mota suna damuwa.
Mafita:Yi amfani da tashoshi biyu na na'urar EL0531. Agogon SPI (SCK) da layin Master-Out-Slave-In (MOSI) daga microcontroller (gefen 3.3V) suna tuƙa LED na shigarwa na na'urorin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu ta hanyar resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu. Abubuwan da aka fitar, waɗanda aka ja sama zuwa 3.3V a gefen allon firikwensin, suna sake ƙirƙirar siginar don mu'amalar SPI na firikwensin. Hakazalika, layin MISO na firikwensin ana aika shi ta wata tashar haɗin gwiwa. Keɓewar 3750Vrms ya karya haɗin ƙasa tsakanin allunan biyu, yana kawar da madaukai na ƙasa. Saurin 1Mbit/s ya isa ga yawancin ƙimar bayanan firikwensin, kuma babban CMTI yana tabbatar da cewa sadarwar SPI ba ta lalace ta hanyar hayaniyar sauyawar mota da aka haɗa a matsayin canje-canje na yanayi gama gari.
11. Ka'idar Aiki
EL053X yana aiki bisa ka'idar canjin lantarki-gani da keɓewa. Lokacin da halin yanzu ya gudana ta cikin Diode mai fitar da Infrared na shigarwa (IRED), yana fitar da haske daidai gwargwado da halin yanzu. Wannan hasken ya ketare shingen keɓewa mai gani (yawanci an yi shi da kayan gyare-gyare ko silica) kuma ya bugi yankin mai hankali na photodiode na silicon. Photodiode yana haifar da halin yanzu. Ana amfani da wannan halin yanzu na hoto don karkatar da tushen transistor na NPN da aka haɗa kai tsaye. Lokacin da IRED ya kunna, halin yanzu na hoto yana kunna transistor, yana ja tarin fitarwa (Vout) ƙasa zuwa ga fitarwa (GND). Lokacin da IRED ya kashe, babu halin yanzu na hoto da ke gudana, transistor ya kashe, kuma resistor na ja-sama na waje yana ja Vout sama zuwa VCC (ko wadataccen dabaru). Don haka an maye gurbin haɗin lantarki da hasken haske, yana samar da keɓewa.
12. Trends na Fasaha
Kasuwar fotokoplolin na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan abubuwan da suka shafi sun haɗa da:
Na'urori kamar jerin EL053X sun mamaye wani muhimmin fili, suna ba da madaidaicin daidaito na sauri, farashi, juriyar amo, da aminci ga faɗin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |