Bayanin Fasaha na ELD20X da ELD21X - Na'urar Rarraba Sigina Biyu (Dual Channel Optocoupler) a cikin Kayan 8-Pin SOP - Rarraba Wutar Lantarki 3750Vrms - CTR 20-200%

1. Bayanin Samfur

Jerin ELD20X da ELD21X na'urorin rarraba sigina biyu ne, kowannensu yana haɗa fitilun LED infrared guda biyu masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka haɗa su da na'urorin gano phototransistor na silicon guda biyu. Ana ajiye waɗannan sassa a cikin ƙaramin kayan 8-pin Small Outline Package (SOP) wanda ya bi daidaitaccen ƙafar SO-8, wanda ya sa su dace da ƙirar PCB mai yawan girma. Babban aikin shine samar da keɓewar lantarki da watsa sigina tsakanin da'irori biyu na yuwuwar daban-daban, hana madaukai na ƙasa da kare sassa masu hankali daga ƙaruwar wutar lantarki.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Fa'idodin asali na wannan jerin sun samo asali ne daga tsarin sa na tashoshi biyu da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 3750V_rmsyana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin yanayi tare da bambance-bambancen yuwuwar masu mahimmanci. Faɗin kewayon zafin aiki na -55°C zuwa +110°C ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu, motoci, da mawuyacin yanayi. Samun Rukunin Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR) a cikin ƙunƙun, ƙayyadaddun iyakoki (misali, 40-80%, 63-125%) yana ba da damar ƙira mafi daidaito da aikin da ake iya hasasawa a cikin madaukai na sarrafa martani. Waɗannan na'urorin rarraba sigina sun dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar hanyoyin sigina masu keɓewa da yawa, kamar a cikin tuƙin mota, martanin wutar lantarki, musaya na sarrafa masana'antu, da keɓewar layin sadarwa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar haƙiƙa na mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanan.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. LED na shigarwa yana da ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) ƙimar 60mA da babban ƙarfin kololuwa (IFM) na 1A don bugun jini na 10µs, mai amfani don tuƙi taƙaitaccen, sigina mai ƙarfi. Phototransistor na fitarwa zai iya jure ƙarfin lantarki mai tara-emitter (VCEO) na 80V, yana samar da kyakkyawan sarari don aikace-aikacen sauyawa daban-daban. Rarraba wutar lantarki na gabaɗayan na'urar (PTOT) shine 250mW. Mafi mahimmanci, ƙarfin wutar lantarki (VISO) shine 3750V_rmsna minti ɗaya, an gwada shi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin ɗanɗano tare da gajarta fil ɗin shigarwa da fitarwa daban. Na'urar na iya tsira daga soldering a 260°C na dakika 10.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a 25°C.

2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa (LED)

• Ƙarfin Gaba (VF):Yawanci 1.2V, tare da matsakaicin 1.5V a halin yanzu na gaba na 10mA. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki yana da inganci don tuƙi.
• Halin yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 100µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 6V, yana nuna ɓarkewar diode a cikin yanayin kashewa.
• Ƙarfin Shigarwa (Cin):Yawanci 25pF. Wannan yana shafar aikin sauyawa mai girma.

2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa (Phototransistor)

• Halin yanzu na Duhu (ICEO):Halin yanzu na ɓarna daga mai tara zuwa emitter lokacin da LED ya kashe, yawanci 5nA (matsakaicin 50nA) a V_CE=10V. Ƙananan ƙima yana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawar keɓewa daga yanayi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Rushewa: BVCEOshine 80V (ƙarami), kumaBVECOshine 7V (ƙarami), yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai ɗorewa a cikin saitunan son rai daban-daban.
• Ƙarfin Tari-Emmitter (CCE):Yawanci 10pF, yana rinjayar saurin sauyawa.

2.3 Halayen Canja wuri

Waɗannan sune mafi mahimmancin ma'auni don na'urar rarraba sigina, suna ayyana alaƙar tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.

2.3.1 Tsarin Darajar Canja wurin Halin yanzu (CTR)

CTR shine rabo na halin yanzu na mai tara transistor zuwa halin yanzu na gaba na LED, wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi. Wannan jerin yana ba da matakai daban-daban, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓi bisa ga riba da buƙatun matakin sigina:

• ELD205:CTR = 40% zuwa 80% (a I_F=10mA, V_CE=5V). Wani ɓangare mai matsakaicin riba, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
• ELD206:CTR = 63% zuwa 125%. Sigar riba mafi girma.
• ELD207:CTR = 100% zuwa 200%. Ribar mafi girma a cikin jerin ELD20X.
• ELD211:CTR > 20% (matsakaicin). Zaɓin riba ƙasa.
• ELD213/ELD217:CTR > 100% (matsakaicin). ELD217 kuma ya ƙayyade matsakaicin CTR na 120% a ƙaramin ƙarfin tuƙi (I_F=1mA).

Wannan darajar yana ba da damar haɓakawa a cikin da'irori inda ake buƙatar daidaiton riba ko takamaiman ƙaramin riba, yana rinjayar zaɓin resistor mai iyakancewa na halin yanzu don LED.

2.3.2 Sauyawa da Sauran Ma'auni

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Jikewa (VCE(sat)):Matsakaicin 0.4V a I_F=10mA, I_C=2.5mA. Ana son ƙananan ƙima lokacin da aka yi amfani da transistor azaman mai sauya a cikin yanayin kunna don rage raguwar ƙarfin lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Keɓewa (RIO):Yawanci 10¹¹Ω, yana nuna kyakkyawar keɓewar DC tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Shigarwa-Fitarwa (CIO):Yawanci 0.5pF. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki shine mabuɗin don cimma babban juriya na wucin gadi na gama-gari (CMTI), yana ba da damar na'urar ta ƙi ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki cikin sauri a kan shingen keɓewa.
• Lokutan Sauyawa:Lokacin kunna na yau da kullun (ton) shine 5.0µs, lokacin kashewa (toff) shine 4.0µs, lokacin tashi (tr) shine 1.6µs, da lokacin faɗuwa (tf) shine 2.2µs a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (V_CC=10V, I_C=2mA, R_L=100Ω). Waɗannan lokutan suna ayyana matsakaicin mitar sigina na lambobi da na'urar za ta iya sarrafa yadda ya kamata.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da ba a ƙididdige takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, ainihin lanƙwasan aiki na irin waɗannan na'urorin rarraba sigina zai haɗa da:

• CTR vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (I_F):Yana nuna yadda riba ke bambanta tare da matakin tuƙi na LED, sau da yawa yana kololuwa a takamaiman halin yanzu.
• CTR vs. Zazzabi:Yana nuna ƙimar zazzabi mara kyau na CTR; riba yawanci tana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, wani muhimmin abu ne don ƙirar zafi.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F) vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (I_F):Halayen IV na diode.
• Halin yanzu na Tari (I_C) vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Tari-Emmitter (V_CE):Lanƙwasan halayen transistor na fitarwa don halin yanzu na LED daban-daban, yana nuna yankin jikewa.
• Lokacin Sauyawa vs. Juriyar Lodi (R_L):Yana nuna yadda lodi na waje ke shafar sauri.

Ya kamata masu ƙira su tuntubi cikakken takardar bayanan don waɗannan jadawali don fahimtar halayen na'urar a duk faɗin kewayon aikinta.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Saitin Fil da Ƙimar

Kunshin SOP 8-pin yana da fil ɗin fil mai zuwa (daga sama):

1. Anode (LED Channel 1)
2. Cathode (LED Channel 1)
3. Anode (LED Channel 2)
4. Cathode (LED Channel 2)
5. Emitter (Phototransistor Channel 1)
6. Mai Tari (Phototransistor Channel 1)
7. Emitter (Phototransistor Channel 2)
8. Mai Tari (Phototransistor Channel 2)

Wannan shimfidar daidaito tana sauƙaƙe hanyar PCB don ƙirar tashoshi biyu.

4.2 Girman Kunshin da Tsarin Fil da Ake Ba da Shawara

Kunshin yana da girman jiki kusan 4.9mm x 6.0mm tare da tsayi na 1.75mm. Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da cikakken zanen girma datsarin fil da ake ba da shawara don haɗaɗɗen haɗawa. Bin wannan tsarin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don amintaccen soldering, hana kabari, da tabbatar da daidaiton kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Ƙirar yawanci tana haɗa da taimakon zafi da girman fil da ya dace don dacewa da ƙafar SOP-8.

4.3 Alamar Na'urar

Ana yiwa na'urori alama a saman tare da lambar Laser ko tawada: "EL" prefix, sannan lambar ɓangaren (misali, D217), lambar shekara mai lamba ɗaya, lambar mako mai lamba biyu, da zaɓi na "V" suffix don sigogin da aka amince da VDE. Wannan yana ba da damar gano ranar ƙirƙira da bambance-bambance.

5. Jagororin Soldering da Haɗawa

An ƙididdige na'urar don soldering a 260°C na dakika 10. Ya kamata a bi daidaitaccen bayanin martani na abubuwan da ba su da gubar (Pb-free). Yana da mahimmanci a guje wa matsanancin damuwa na zafi ko sake zagayowar sake zagayowar da yawa don hana lalacewa ga mutuwar ciki da kuma kunshin filastik. Ya kamata a tabbatar da matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) daga cikakken takardar bayanan ko marufi, kuma idan an buƙata, ya kamata a gasa na'urorin kafin amfani da su idan an fallasa marufi zuwa yanayin ɗanɗano sama da ƙayyadaddun tsawon lokaci.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Dokar Lambar Samfur

Lambar ɓangaren tana bin tsari:ELD2XX(Y)-V

• XX:Lambar ɓangaren (05, 06, 07, 11, 13, 17) wanda ya dace da matakin CTR.
• Y:Zaɓin tef da reel (TA, TB, ko babu). TA da TB suna yiwuwa sun bambanta a cikin fuskantar tef ko ƙayyadaddun marufi.
• -V:Zaɓi na suffix wanda ke nuna amincewar aminci na VDE.

6.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Na'urar tana samuwa a cikin manyan nau'ikan kunshin guda biyu:

• Bututu:Raka'a 100 a kowace bututu.
• Tef da Reel:Raka'a 2000 a kowace reel. Takardar bayanan tana ba da cikakkun bayanan girma na tef (faɗin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, girman aljihu, fil) don duka zaɓuɓɓukan TA da TB, wanda yake da mahimmanci don saitin injin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikacen na Yau da Kullun

• Sarrafa Martani a cikin Maɓuɓɓukan Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauyawa (SMPS):Keɓe siginar martani daga gefen sakandare zuwa mai sarrafa gefen farko. Babban CTR da sauri suna da fa'ida.
• Canjin Matsayin Dabaru na Lambobi da Musanya:Haɗa microcontrollers ko da'irorin dabaru waɗanda ke aiki a matakan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban ko nassoshi na ƙasa.
• Keɓewar Shigarwa/Fitarwa (I/O) a cikin PLCs da Sarrafa Masana'antu:Kare da'irorin dabaru masu hankali daga sigina mai hayaniya ko babban ƙarfin lantarki.
• Sauyawa na Gabaɗaya:Tukin relays, triacs, ko wasu lodi inda ake buƙatar keɓewar lantarki tsakanin siginar sarrafawa da lodi.

7.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Bayanan Kula

1. Iyakance Halin yanzu na LED:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje a jere tare da LED na shigarwa don saita halin yanzu na gaba (IF). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (VF), da kuma abin da ake soIF. An ƙayyade CTR a takamaimanIFmaki (1mA, 10mA).
2. Son rai na Fitarwa:Phototransistor yawanci yana buƙatar resistor na ja sama a mai tara zuwa V_CC(ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gefen fitarwa). Ƙimar wannan resistor na lodi (RL) yana shafar duka motsin ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa da saurin sauyawa (mafi girma R_Lyana rage saurin na'urar).
3. Lalacewar CTR:Tsawon rayuwar aiki sosai kuma a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafi/halin yanzu, CTR na na'urorin rarraba sigina na iya raguwa a hankali. Ya kamata ƙirar ta haɗa da tazarar aminci, musamman ga madaukai na martani masu mahimmanci.
4. Rashin Hankali:ƘanananCIOyana samar da kyakkyawar juriya ga saurin wucin gadi na gama-gari. Don matsakaicin ƙin hayaniya a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, kiyaye tazarar keɓewa akan PCB ba ta da tagulla da gurɓataccen abu.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Mahimman abubuwan banbance na jerin ELD20X/21X idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin rarraba sigina guda ɗaya na gabaɗaya sune:

• Tashoshi Biyu Masu Zaman Kansu:Yana adana sararin allo da farashi idan aka kwatanta da amfani da na'urori guda ɗaya guda biyu.
• Babban da Darajar CTR:Yana ba da kwandon riba da yawa, ƙayyadaddun bayanai don daidaiton ƙira, sabanin sassa tare da faɗin kewayon CTR.
• Babban Ƙarfin Lantarki na Keɓewa (3750Vrms):Ya wuce matsakaicin 2500Vrms ko 5000Vrms da ake samu a yawancin na'urorin rarraba sigina na yau da kullun, wanda ya dace da ƙarin buƙatun keɓewa.
• Faɗin Kewayon Zazzabi:Aiki daga -55°C zuwa +110°C ya fi faɗi fiye da kewayon kasuwanci na yau da kullun (0°C zuwa 70°C), yana ba da damar amfani da masana'antu da motoci.
• Cikakkun Amincewar Aminci:Amincewar UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO suna sauƙaƙe amfani a cikin samfuran ƙarshe waɗanda ke buƙatar takaddun shaida na aminci na duniya.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q1: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin jerin ELD20X (misali, ELD205) da ELD21X (misali, ELD213)?

A: Babban bambancin shine yadda aka ƙayyade CTR. Jerin ELD20X (05,06,07) yana ba damatsakaici da matsakaicikewayon CTR (misali, 40-80%), yana ba da sarrafa mafi ƙarfi. Jerin ELD21X (11,13,17) yawanci suna ƙayyade kawaimatsakaiciCTR (misali, >100%), wanda zai iya samun mafi girman iyaka mai yiwuwa.

Q2: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan na'urar rarraba sigina don watsa siginar analog?

A: Ko da yake yana yiwuwa, na'urorin rarraba sigina na phototransistor ba su da layi kuma CTR ɗin su yana bambanta da zafin jiki da halin yanzu. Sun fi dacewa don sauyawar lambobi ko siginar martani na "kunna/kashe". Don keɓewar analog na layi, ana ba da shawarar na'urar rarraba sigina na layi na musamman ko mai ƙara keɓewa.

Q3: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen matakin CTR don aikace-aikacena?

A: Don siginar lambobi, zaɓi matakin da ke ba da isasshen halin yanzu na fitarwa don tuƙi lodi (misali, resistor na ja sama, shigarwar ƙofar dabaru) a zaɓaɓɓen halin yanzu na tuƙi na LED, tare da wasu tazara. Don madaukai inda kwanciyar hankali na riba ke da mahimmanci, matakin kunkuntar kewayon (kamar ELD205) ya fi dacewa. Sassa masu ƙarancin riba (kamar ELD211) na iya zama masu amfani inda babban halin yanzu na shigarwa yake samuwa kuma ana buƙatar iyakance halin yanzu na fitarwa.

Q4: Menene manufar suffix "-V" a cikin lambar ɓangaren?

A: Suffix "-V" yana nuna cewa takamaiman na'urar an gwada ta kuma an ba da takaddun shaida don cika ka'idojin aminci na VDE (Ƙungiyar Jamus don Fasahar Lantarki, Lantarki da Bayanai). Ana buƙatar wannan sau da yawa don samfuran da ake sayar da su a kasuwar Turai.

10. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Shari'a: Mai Faɗaɗa GPIO mai Keɓewa don Microcontroller.

Tsarin yana buƙatar microcontroller (dabarun 3.3V) don saka idanu kan siginar matsayi na lambobi guda biyu daga na'urar firikwensin masana'antu na 24V. Dole ne a keɓe ƙasashen tsarin biyu. Ana iya amfani da tashoshi biyu na na'urar rarraba sigina na ELD206. Fitarwar buɗaɗɗen mai tara na firikwensin yana jan cathode na LED (ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa halin yanzu) zuwa ƙasa na 24V lokacin da yake aiki. An haɗa anode na LED zuwa wutar lantarki 3.3V a gefen microcontroller ta hanyar resistor. A kan fitarwa, ana jawo mai tara na phototransistor zuwa wutar lantarki 3.3V na microcontroller. Lokacin da firikwensin yake aiki, LED yana kunna, phototransistor yana jikewa, yana jan mai tara (wanda aka haɗa zuwa fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller wanda aka saita azaman shigarwa tare da ja sama) ƙasa. Keɓewar 3750V yana kare microcontroller daga kowane laifi a gefen 24V. Tashoshi biyu a cikin kunshin ɗaya yana sauƙaƙe shimfidar wuri.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Aikin na'urar rarraba sigina ya dogara ne akan watsa haske. Halin yanzu na lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a gefen shigarwa yana sa LED infrared (LED) ya fitar da photons. Waɗannan photons suna tafiya a kan wani tazara mai keɓewa a cikin kunshin kuma suna buga yankin tushe na phototransistor na silicon a gefen fitarwa. Wannan makamashin haske yana haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami a cikin tushe, yana aiki yadda ya kamata azaman halin yanzu na tushe kuma yana kunna transistor, yana barin halin yanzu mai tara mai daidaitawa ya gudana. Babban batu shine ana canja siginar ta hanyar haske, ba ta hanyar haɗin lantarki ba, ta haka yana cimma keɓewar galvanic da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar kaddarorin jiki da na dielectric na tazarar keɓewa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin fasahar na'urar rarraba sigina yana zuwa ga mafi girma sauri, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da mafi girman haɗin kai. Yayin da na'urorin rarraba sigina na gargajiya na phototransistor irin wannan suke aiki don keɓewar lambobi mai matsakaicin sauri, sabbin fasahohi suna fitowa:

• Masu Keɓewa na Lambobi:Yi amfani da guntu na CMOS da RF ko haɗin ƙarfin lantarki don cimma mafi girman ƙimar bayanai (>>1 Mbps), ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da tsawon rayuwa, amma suna iya samun halayen kayan keɓewa daban-daban.
• Mafi Girman Haɗin kai:Haɗa tashoshi masu keɓewa da yawa tare da wasu ayyuka kamar direbobin ƙofar ko masu canza ADC/DAC.
• Ingantacciyar Ƙarfi:Ci gaba da haɓaka marufi da kayan don haɓaka aminci, aikin zafi, da juriya ga mawuyacin abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi.

Na'urorin rarraba sigina na phototransistor sun kasance masu dacewa sosai saboda sauƙinsu, ingancin farashi, ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, da fahimtar halaye, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen lantarki na wutar lantarki da sarrafa masana'antu inda babban sauri ba shine babban abin buƙata ba.