Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD Mai Launi Biyu AlInGaP - Kore & Orange - 5mA - 75mW

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na LED mai haske mai ƙarfi, mai launi biyu (SMD). Na'urar ta ƙunshi guntu biyu daban-daban na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) a cikin fakit ɗaya, wanda ke ba da damar fitar da hasken kore da orange. An tsara shi don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, ana jigilar shi a kan tef mai girman 8mm akan reels inci 7, wanda ya sa ya dace da masana'antu masu yawa. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin samfurin kore.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED yana cikin amfani da fasahar AlInGaP, wacce aka sani da samar da ingantaccen haske da tsaftar launi idan aka kwatanta da kayan LED na gargajiya. Ikon launi biyu a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan fakit ɗaya na ma'aunin EIA yana ba da damar ƙirar sararin samaniya a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar launuka masu nuni da yawa ko nuna matsayi mai launi biyu.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Ga duka guntun kore da orange, matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu shine 30 mA. Ragewar wutar lantarki ga kowane guntu yana iyakance zuwa 75 mW. Ana amfani da ma'aunin raguwa na 0.4 mA/°C daga 25°C, ma'ana yawan yanzu da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi don hana zafi sosai. Na'urar na iya jure matsi na baya har zuwa 5 V. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, kuma ana iya adana shi a yanayi daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Yanayin gyaɗa na infrared an ƙayyade shi azaman 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, IF=5mA) kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Ga guntun kore, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi shine 4.5 mcd, ba a ƙayyade na yau da kullun ba, kuma matsakaici shine 28.0 mcd. Ga guntun orange, mafi ƙarancin shine 11.2 mcd, ba a ƙayyade na yau da kullun ba, kuma matsakaici shine 71.0 mcd. Ana auna ƙarfi ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Duka launuka suna da kusurwar dubawa ta yau da kullun na digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial mafi girma.
• Tsawon Raɗaɗi:Guntun kore yana da matsakaicin tsayin fitarwa mafi girma (λP) na 574 nm da matsakaicin tsayin raɗaɗi (λd) na 571 nm. Guntun orange yana da matsakaicin λP na 611 nm da matsakaicin λd na 605 nm. Tsawon raɗaɗi shine tsayin raɗaɗi guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ke ayyana launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Guntun kore yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na 15 nm, kuma guntun orange 17 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko faɗin hasken da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Duka guntun suna da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na 1.9 V kuma matsakaici na 2.3 V lokacin da aka tuƙa su a 5 mA.
• Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin yanzu na baya ga duka guntun shine 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske na LEDs zuwa kwandon don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Kowane kwandon yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarfi mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma, tare da jurewar +/-15% akan kowane kwandon.

Kwandon Launin Kore:

- Kwandon J: 4.5 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 7.1 mcd (Mafi girma)

- Kwandon K: 7.1 mcd zuwa 11.2 mcd

- Kwandon L: 11.2 mcd zuwa 18.0 mcd

- Kwandon M: 18.0 mcd zuwa 28.0 mcd

Kwandon Launin Orange:

- Kwandon L: 11.2 mcd zuwa 18.0 mcd

- Kwandon M: 18.0 mcd zuwa 28.0 mcd

- Kwandon N: 28.0 mcd zuwa 45.0 mcd

- Kwandon P: 45.0 mcd zuwa 71.0 mcd

Wannan rarrabawar yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da matakan haske da ake iya hasashewa don aikace-aikacensu, wanda ke da mahimmanci don cimma kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jerin LED da yawa ko kuma biyan takamaiman buƙatun haske.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin bayanan yana nufin lanƙwasa aiki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da yanzun tuƙi, yawanci a cikin yanayin da ba na layi ba, yana nuna ma'anar raguwar dawowa ko yuwuwar jikewa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Yanzu na Gaba:Yana kwatanta halayen IV na diode, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar daidaitaccen da'irar iyakance yanzu.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitar da haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ya tashi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zane da ke nuna ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai alaƙa a cikin tsayin raɗaɗi daban-daban, a tsakiya kusa da tsayin raɗaɗi mafi girma, tare da rabin faɗin da ake iya gani a sarari.

Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna ba injiniyoyi damar yin hasashen aiki a cikin yanayin duniya na gaske, ba kawai a daidaitaccen wurin gwaji na 25°C, 5mA ba.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

Na'urar ta yi daidai da tsarin fakit ɗin ma'aunin EIA. An haɗa cikakkun zane-zane masu girma a cikin bayanan bayanai, suna ƙayyade duk mahimman tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da tazarar jagora a cikin milimita. An ba da shirin gyaɗa mai ba da shawara (tsarin ƙasa) don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gyaɗa da daidaitawar daidai yayin sake kwarara. An ayyana aikin fil a sarari: Fil 1 da 3 na guntun kore ne, kuma fil 2 da 4 na guntun orange ne. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga masu ƙirar PCB don ƙirar sawun ƙafa daidai.

Ana samar da LEDs a cikin tsarin tef-da-reel wanda ya dace da injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik. Faɗin tef shine 8mm, an nannade shi akan reel mai diamita inci 7. Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 4000. Ƙayyadaddun marufi sun bi ka'idojin ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994, tare da ƙa'idodi akan mafi ƙarancin adadin oda (guda 500 na sauran) da mafi girman abubuwan da suka ɓace a jere (biyu).

6. Jagoran Gyaɗa & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanan Gudanar da Gyaɗa na Sake Kwarara

An ba da shawarar shirye-shiryen sake kwarara na infrared (IR) guda biyu: ɗaya don tsarin gyaɗa na yau da kullun (tin-lead) da ɗaya don tsarin gyaɗa maras gubar (SnAgCu). Shirin maras gubar yana buƙatar zafin jiki mafi girma. Shawarar gaba ɗaya ita ce yankin pre-heat na 120-150°C, lokacin pre-heat a ƙarƙashin dakika 120, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin sama da wannan matsakaicin zafin jiki ya iyakance zuwa dakika 5. Waɗannan ma'auni suna da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakit ɗin filastik na LED da haɗin waya na ciki.

6.2 Ajiya & Gudanarwa

Ya kamata a adana LEDs a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Da zarar an cire su daga ainihin marufin shinge na danshi, ya kamata su sha gyaɗa na sake kwarara na IR a cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, dole ne a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da bushewa ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan an adana su ba tare da marufi ba fiye da mako guda, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 24 kafin gyaɗa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin sake kwarara.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman wakilan tsaftacewa. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy. Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, ana ba da shawarar nutsar da shi cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai launi biyu ya dace da alamomin matsayi, hasken baya don maɓalli ko gumaka, da nunin panel a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, da kayan aikin gida. Yanayin sa mai launi biyu yana ba shi damar nuna matsayi daban-daban guda biyu (misali, wuta a kan/kore, jiran aiki/orange; matsayin caji; ayyukan hanyar sadarwa) daga wurin kayan aiki guda ɗaya, yana adana sararin allo da farashi.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Da'irar Tuƙi:LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu na jerin guda ga kowane LED (Samfurin Da'irar A). Tuƙa LEDs da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki tare da raba resistor guda ɗaya (Samfurin Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin rabon yanzu, saboda haka, haske.

Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):LED yana da hankali ga ESD. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan rigakafi yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa: yi amfani da bel ɗin wuyan ƙasa da wuraren aiki, yi amfani da masu ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye akan ruwan tabarau, da adana abubuwan a cikin marufi mai hana tsaye. Lalacewar ESD sau da yawa tana bayyana azaman yanzu na baya mai yawa da ba a saba gani ba.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Babban abin banbance na wannan samfurin shine amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP don duka launuka. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaP (Gallium Phosphide) na yau da kullun, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen haske sosai, yana haifar da fitarwa mai haske a yanzu iri ɗaya na tuƙi. Ƙirar guntu biyu-a-cikin-fakit ɗaya tana ba da madadin ƙaƙƙarfan amfani da LEDs masu launi ɗaya daban-daban guda biyu, yana rage adadin sassa, lokacin haɗawa, da sawun ƙafa na PCB. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da nuni ke buƙatar ganuwa daga faɗin hangen nesa.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 20mA akai-akai?

A: I. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu shine 30 mA, don haka 20 mA yana cikin yankin aiki mai aminci. Duk da haka, koyaushe koma ga lanƙwasa raguwa idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.

Q: Me yasa resistor na jerin ya zama dole ga kowane LED a layi daya?

A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na LEDs yana da jurewar samarwa. Ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba, LEDs tare da ɗan ƙaramin VF za su ja yanzu da yawa da ba daidai ba, suna zama masu haske kuma mai yuwuwar zafi sosai, yayin da waɗanda ke da mafi girma VF za su yi duhu. Resistor yana aiki azaman mai sarrafa yanzu mai sauƙi ga kowane LED.

Q: Menene ma'anar "tsayin raɗaɗi mai rinjaye" da "tsayin raɗaɗi mafi girma"?

A: Tsawon raɗaɗi mafi girma shine tsayin raɗaɗi guda ɗaya inda ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar ya fi girma. Tsawon raɗaɗi mai rinjaye an samo shi daga ma'auni na launi akan zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raɗaɗi guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ke gani a matsayin launin hasken. Sau da yawa shine ma'auni mafi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar kwandon L don orange?

A: Idan kun karɓi LEDs daga kwandon L don launin orange, zaku iya tsammanin ƙarfin haske na kowane LED, lokacin da aka auna shi a 5mA, zai faɗi tsakanin 11.2 mcd da 18.0 mcd, tare da jurewar +/-15% akan waɗannan iyakokin kwandon.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi:Ƙirar nuni na matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa wanda ke nuna wutar lantarki (kore mai ƙarfi) da ayyukan bayanai (orange mai kyalkyali).

Ai watar:Ana iya amfani da LED guda ɗaya LTST-C195KGKFKT-5A. Fil 1/3 (kore) an haɗa su zuwa filin GPIO da aka saita don fitar da matakin ma'ana mai ƙarfi akai-akai lokacin da wutar lantarki ta kunna, ta hanyar resistor mai dacewa mai iyakance yanzu (misali, an ƙididdige shi don ~5-10mA daga wadatar 3.3V: R = (3.3V - 1.9V) / 0.005A ≈ 280Ω). Fil 2/4 (orange) an haɗa su zuwa wani filin GPIO daban wanda mai sarrafa hanyar sadarwa ke sarrafawa don kyalkyali tare da fakit ɗin bayanai. Amfani da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ga kowane tashar launi yana da mahimmanci. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayi daga ko'ina a cikin ɗaki. Ƙirar tana adana sawun ƙafa na LED ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da mafita ta LED biyu.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF), electrons daga semiconductor na n-type da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da electron ya sake haɗuwa da rami, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photon (haske). Takamaiman tsayin raɗaɗi (launi) na wannan hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlInGaP yana da bandgap wanda ke samar da haske a cikin jajayen, orange, amber, da sassan kore na bakan gani, dangane da ainihin abun da ke ciki. Wannan na'urar ta ƙunshi guntu biyu daban-daban na AlInGaP tare da abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda aka girma don fitar da hasken kore da orange, an sanya su a cikin ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta (ruwa mai tsabta) wanda kuma yake aiki azaman babban kayan gani.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin LEDs masu nuna alama yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki, ƙananan fakitoci, da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Fasahar AlInGaP tana wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita mai inganci don launuka ja-zuwa-kore. Ci gaba da ci gaba yana mai da hankali kan inganta inganci a manyan yanayin tuƙi da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na launi akan zafin jiki da tsawon rayuwa. Haɗin kai, kamar guntu mai launi biyu a cikin wannan bayanan bayanai, shine babban trend don rage girman tsarin da rikitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, dacewa tare da hanyoyin sake kwarara marasa gubar, mai zafi yanzu buƙatu ne na yau da kullun ga duk abubuwan SMD don biyan ka'idojin muhalli na duniya. Ci gaba na gaba na iya ganin ƙarin haɗin kai na da'irar sarrafawa ko launuka da yawa cikin ƙananan sawun ƙafa na fakit.