Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD Mai Launuka Biyu - Girman 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.0V - Ƙarfi 75mW - Kore/Rawa - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin fitilar LED mai launuka biyu da ake haɗawa a saman allon. An ƙera wannan na'urar don tsarin haɗa allon lantarki (PCB) ta atomatik kuma ta dace da aikace-aikacen da sararin aiki ya zama matsala. Tana ɗauke da guntu LED guda biyu daban-daban a cikin guntu ɗaya, wanda ke ba da damar nuna matsayi daban-daban ko haɗa launuka a cikin ƙaramin sarari.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS, amfani da fasahar semiconductor AlInGaP mai haske mai ƙarfi, da kuma guntu da ya dace da tsarin tef da reel na yau da kullun don haɗa yawan samfur. Ƙirarta ta dace da tsarin gyarawa ta hanyar zafi (IR reflow). Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi sun haɗa da kayan lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga kayan sadarwa (misali wayoyin hannu), na'urorin kwamfuta masu ɗaukuwa (misali kwamfutocin hannu), kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa, kayan amfani na gida, alamun cikin gida, hasken baya na maɓalli, da ayyukan nuna matsayi.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Aiki

Yin amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Manyan ƙimar sun haɗa da matsakaicin ɓarnar ƙarfi na 75 mW a kowane guntu launi, ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na DC na 30 mA, da kuma kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki na 80 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1ms faɗin bugun). Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da aka yarda shine 5 V. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin jiki na -30°C zuwa +85°C da kuma kewayon zafin ajiya na -40°C zuwa +85°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken

An auna a daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin lantarki na 20 mA da kuma zafin yanayi na 25°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) na duka guntun kore da rawa shine 2.0 V, tare da ƙayyadaddun kewayon daga 1.5 V (Ƙananan) zuwa 2.4 V (Mafi). Ƙarfin haske (Iv) shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na aiki. Ga guntun kore, ƙimar al'ada ita ce 35.0 mcd (millicandela), tare da mafi ƙarancin 18.0 mcd. Guntun rawa yana nuna mafi girman fitarwa na al'ada a 75.0 mcd, tare da mafi ƙarancin 28.0 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, yawanci digiri 130 ne, yana nuna tsarin kallo mai faɗi. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (λd) yana ayyana launin da ake gani. Ga kore, yawanci yana tsakiya a 571 nm (kewayon 564-578 nm), kuma ga rawa, a 589 nm (kewayon 582-596 nm). Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) yawanci 15.0 nm ne ga duka launuka.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

An rarraba samfurin bisa ga rukunin aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace. Ana amfani da ma'auni biyu na farko na rarrabuwa: Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv) da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Hue).

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

LED kore yana samuwa a cikin rukunin ƙarfi M (18.0-28.0 mcd), N (28.0-45.0 mcd), da P (45.0-71.0 mcd). LED rawa yana ba da rukunoni N (28.0-45.0 mcd), P (45.0-71.0 mcd), Q (71.0-112.0 mcd), da R (112.0-180.0 mcd). Ana amfani da juzu'i na +/-15% a cikin kowane rukuni.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Hue (Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa)

Ga LED kore, an rarraba tsayin raƙuman ruwa azaman C (567.5-570.5 nm), D (570.5-573.5 nm), da E (573.5-576.5 nm), tare da juzu'i na +/-1 nm a kowane rukuni. Wannan ingantaccen sarrafawa yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin batutuwan samarwa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar tushe (misali, Hoto na 1 don fitar da bakan, Hoto na 5 don kusurwar kallo), lankwasan na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan na'urori suna nuna muhimman alaƙa. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I-V) yana nuna alaƙar alamar diode. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Hasken da ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yawanci yana nuna kusan haɓakar haɓakar haske tare da ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa wani lokaci, bayan haka ƙarfin aiki na iya raguwa. Lankwasa rarraba bakan zai nuna kololuwa guda ɗaya ga kowane guntu launi ɗaya, tare da rabin faɗin da ke ayyana tsaftar launi. Fahimtar waɗannan lankwasan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira, musamman don tuka LED a mafi kyawun inganci da kuma hasashen fitar da haske a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Guntu

5.1 Girman Guntu da Sanya Fil

Na'urar tana da ƙafar SMD na yau da kullun. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 3.2 mm tsawon da 2.8 mm faɗi, tare da tsayin al'ada na 1.9 mm. Juzu'i yawanci ±0.1 mm ne. Guntu yana amfani da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. Sanya fil kamar haka ne: Fil 1 da 3 an sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP kore, yayin da fil 2 da 4 aka sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP rawa. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar sarrafa kowane launi da kansa.

5.2 Shawarar Tsarin Dandalin Haɗa PCB

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙafar ƙafa) don tabbatar da ingantaccen gyarawa da daidaitawar injiniya mai kyau. Wannan tsari yawanci ya haɗa da dandamali ɗan girma fiye da tashoshin na'urar don sauƙaƙe samuwar fillet na gyarawa mai kyau, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da zubar da zafi.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Gyarawa ta IR Reflow

Don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin martaba reflow. Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 260°C ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10. An ba da shawarar matakin pre-heat har zuwa 200°C. Ya kamata a siffanta bayanin martaba don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gyarawa, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su. Na'urar ta cancanci matsakaicin sake zagayowar reflow guda biyu a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan.

6.2 Gyarawa da Hannu

Idan gyarawa da hannu tare da ƙarfe ya zama dole, ya kamata a sarrafa zafin ƙarshen zuwa matsakaicin 300°C, kuma lokacin gyarawa a kowane jagora bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Gyarawa da hannu ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya kawai.

6.3 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

LEDs suna da damuwa da danshi (MSL 3). Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin jakar asali mai rufaffiyar danshi tare da busassun abu, ya kamata a kiyaye su a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, ya kamata a adana abubuwan a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar kammala tsarin reflow IR cikin mako guda bayan buɗe jakar. Don abubuwan da aka adana daga fakitin asali fiye da mako guda, ana buƙatar tsarin gasa (misali, 60°C na akalla sa'o'i 20) kafin gyarawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana lalacewar \"popcorning\" yayin reflow.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitsar LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata kayan guntu.

7. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

Ana samar da abubuwan akan tef mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8 mm da aka zana a kan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178 mm), daidai da ƙa'idodin EIA-481. Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 3000. Tef yana amfani da tef ɗin murfi don rufe aljihun abu. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, mafi ƙarancin adadin tattarawa na guda 500 ya shafi ragowar kuri'un.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai launuka biyu ya dace da nuna matsayi daban-daban. Misali, a cikin na'urar hanyar sadarwa, guntun kore zai iya nuna \"kunna wutar lantarki/aiki na al'ada,\" yayin da guntun rawa zai iya nuna \"aikin bayanai\" ko \"faɗakarwar tsarin.\" A cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani, zai iya zama mai nuna caji/matsayi. Ƙaramin girmansa ya sa ya dace don hasken baya na ƙananan maɓalli ko alamomi akan na'urorin hannu.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere ga kowane guntu LED. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / I_desired. Ta amfani da Vf na al'ada na 2.0V da ƙarfin lantarki da ake so na 20 mA tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V, R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ω.

Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da cewa ɓarnar ƙarfi ƙanana ce, tabbatar da isasshen jan ƙarfe na PCB a kusa da dandamalin zafi (idan akwai) ko jagororin yana taimakawa wajen zubar da zafi, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, kiyaye tsawon rayuwar LED da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da haske.

Kariya ta ESD:Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Dole ne a yi amfani da ingantattun sarrafawa na ESD (bel ɗin wuyan hannu, tashoshi na aiki masu tushe, kumfa mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki) yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED SMD mai launi ɗaya, wannan na'urar tana ba da tanadin sarari ta hanyar haɗa ayyuka biyu a cikin guntu ɗaya, rage yawan filin PCB da lokacin haɗawa. Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP yawanci yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu fasahohin LED don waɗannan launuka na musamman (kore da rawa), wanda ke haifar da haske mai haske da mafi daidaitaccen fitarwa a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na aiki.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuka duka LED kore da rawa lokaci guda a matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na DC (30 mA kowanne)?

A: A fasaha a'a, amma dole ne ku yi la'akari da jimillar ɓarnar ƙarfi. Aiki lokaci guda a 30mA kowanne zai haifar da haɗakar ɓarnar ƙarfi wanda zai iya wuce iyakokin da aka ba da shawarar idan ƙarfin lantarki na gaba suna a ƙarshen mafi girma na kewayon su. Yana da aminci don yin aiki ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙimar aiki, watakila a 20 mA kowanne, kuma a tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙirar zafi.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa?

A: Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λp) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na hasken launi ɗaya wanda ya dace da launin da ake gani na LED idan aka kwatanta da hasken farin tunani. λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da ɗan adam.

Q: Me ya sa yanayin ajiya bayan buɗe jakar yake da mahimmanci haka?

A> Guntu SMD na iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na reflow gyarawa, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsin lamba na ciki wanda zai iya lalata guntu ko fashe da mutuwa, gazawar da aka sani da \"popcorning.\" Ƙayyadaddun yanayin ajiya da hanyoyin gasa suna hana wannan.

11. Harka na Aikace-aikace na Aikace-aikace

Yanayi: Ƙirar Mai Nuna Matsayi Biyu don Na'urar ɗaukuwa

Mai ƙira yana ƙirar ƙaramin na'urar watsa labarai tare da LED mai nuna alama guda ɗaya. Abubuwan da ake buƙata sune: kore mai ƙarfi don \"kunnawa,\" kore mai ƙyalli don \"dakata,\" da rawa mai ƙarfi don \"caji/tsaye.\" Yin amfani da wannan LED mai launuka biyu yana sauƙaƙa ƙira. Microcontroller tare da fil GPIO guda biyu na iya sarrafa guntun kore da rawa da kansu ta hanyar sauƙaƙan sauya transistor ko kai tsaye idan GPIO zai iya nutsewa/ isasshen ƙarfin lantarki. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi abubuwan daga rukunin ƙarfi da hue iri ɗaya don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a duk raka'o'in samarwa.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan al'amari ana kiransa electroluminescence. A cikin LED AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), makamashin lantarki yana sa electrons da ramuka su sake haɗuwa a cikin yankin aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman launin hasken yana ƙaddara ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda aka ƙera ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na abubuwan da ke ciki. Guntu LED mai launuka biyu yana ɗauke da irin waɗannan guntun semiconductor guda biyu tare da bandgaps daban-daban, keɓancewar lantarki amma suna raba tsarin injiniya gama gari.

13. Trends na Ci gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED SMD yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (lumens da yawa a kowace watt), yana ba da damar nunin haske mai haske ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Ƙananan ƙira ya kasance babban mai motsa jiki, yana ba da damar tattarawa mai yawa da sabbin siffofi a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani. Hakanan ana mayar da hankali kan ingantaccen nuna launi da daidaito, da kuma ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsauri. Haɗin kai, kamar haɗa ICs na sarrafawa tare da LEDs a cikin guntu ɗaya (\"LEDs masu hankali\"), wani yanki ne na girma don sauƙaƙe ƙirar tsarin.