LTST-C155KGJRKT LED Mai Launuka Biyu SMD - Girman Kunshin - Kore/Jajj - 20mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na LED mai launuka biyu, na'urar da ake haɗawa ta saman (SMD). Kayan yana haɗa guntu biyu daban-daban na semiconductor AlInGaP a cikin kunshi ɗaya, yana ba da damar fitar da haske kore da jajj. An ƙera wannan ƙira don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuni ko nuna matsayi mai launuka biyu a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Na'urar tana bin umarnin RoHS kuma an rarraba ta a matsayin samfurin kore.

Ana samar da LED a cikin kunshi na masana'antu, musamman akan kaset mai nisan milimita 8 da aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7. Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar kera na'urorin lantarki na zamani. An ƙera kunshin kuma don jure tsarin goge-goge na infrared (IR) da na tururi, yana sauƙaƙe haɗa shi cikin tarin allon da'ira (PCB).

2. Fassarar Ma'ana Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma

Iyakar ƙididdiga mafi girma suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Don aiki mai dogaro, kada a taɓa wuce waɗannan iyakokin, ko da na ɗan lokaci.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):75 mW a kowace guntu (Kore da Jajj). Wannan siga tana iyakance jimillar wutar lantarki da za a iya canzawa zuwa zafi a cikin guntun LED. Wucewa wannan ƙimar yana haifar da haɗarin zafi mai yawa da lalata kayan semiconductor.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_FP):80 mA, an ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Wannan ƙimar na aikin bugun jini ne kawai kuma yana ba da damar lokuta gajeru na haske mai ƙarfi, kamar a cikin aikace-aikacen strobe ko sigina.
• Ci gaba da Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_F):30 mA DC. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na tsayayye da ake ba da shawarar don ci gaba da aiki. Shi ne babban siga don ƙirar da'irar turawa ta LED.
• Rage Halin Yanzu:Rage layi na 0.4 mA/°C daga 25°C. Yayin da yanayin yanayi (T_a) ya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da halatta daidai gwargwado don hana wuce iyakar zafin haɗin gwiwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya sama da wannan zai iya haifar da rushewa da gazawar LED guntu.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +85°C. Ana iya adana kuma a yi amfani da na'urar a cikin wannan cikakken kewayon zafin masana'antu.
• Jurewar Zafin Goge-goge:Kunshin zai iya jure goge-goge na igiyar ruwa ko IR a 260°C na dakika 5, ko goge-goge na tururi a 215°C na mintuna 3, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa ga hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (T_a=25°C, I_F=20mA) kuma suna ayyana matsakaicin aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Haskakawa (I_V):Guntun kore yana da matsakaicin ƙarfi na 35.0 mcd (millicandela), yayin da guntun jajj yakan yi haske a 45.0 mcd, tare da mafi ƙarancin 18.0 mcd ga duka biyun. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da lanƙwasa amsawar idon ɗan adam na photopic (CIE).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130 (na al'ada). Wannan faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimarsa akan axis, ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ganuwa mai faɗi.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_P):Kore: 574 nm (na al'ada), Jajj: 639 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitar da ƙarfin gani ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):Kore: 571 nm (na al'ada), Jajj: 631 nm (na al'ada). An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launin hasken.
• Faɗin Band na Gani (Δλ):Kore: 15 nm (na al'ada), Jajj: 20 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar gani na hasken da aka fitar; ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth yana nuna launi mai cikar cikawa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.0 V (na al'ada), 2.4 V (matsakaicin) ga duka launuka a 20mA. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):10 µA (matsakaicin) a V_R=5V, yana nuna kyawawan halaye na diode tare da ƙaramin yabo.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Lantarki (C):40 pF (na al'ada) a 0V bias da 1 MHz. Wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki yana da amfani ga aikace-aikacen sauyawa ko haɗawa mai yawan mitoci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Ana rarraba LED ɗin cikin kwandon aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun ƙarfi ko launi.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Haskakawa

Duka guntun kore da jajj ana bin su daidai don ƙarfin haskakawa a 20mA. Lambobin bin (M, N, P, Q) suna wakiltar haɓakar iyakoki na mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi da matsakaici. Misali, bin 'M' ya ƙunshi 18.0 zuwa 28.0 mcd, yayin da bin 'Q' ya ƙunshi 71.0 zuwa 112.0 mcd. Ana amfani da jurewar ±15% a cikin kowane bin don lissafin bambance-bambancen aunawa da samarwa.

3.2 Binning na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Kore Kacal)

Ana ƙara rarraba LED ɗin kore ta hanyar tsawon zango mai rinjaye don sarrafa daidaiton launi. An ayyana bin guda uku: 'C' (567.5-570.5 nm), 'D' (570.5-573.5 nm), da 'E' (573.5-576.5 nm). Ana kiyaye ƙunƙuntaccen jurewar ±1 nm ga kowane bin, yana tabbatar da launin kore iri ɗaya a cikin na'urori daga bin ɗaya.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Duk da yake an yi nuni da takamaiman lanƙwasa a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Hoto 1, Hoto 6), fassararsu ta al'ada tana da mahimmanci ga ƙira.

• Lanƙwasa I-V:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana nuna alaƙar logarithmic tare da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F). Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin V_Fyana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin I_F, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa turawa mai tsayayyen halin yanzu ke da mahimmanci don fitar da haske mai ƙarfi.
• Ƙarfin Haskakawa vs. Halin Yanzu:Ƙarfin yana kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na al'ada (har zuwa ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na ci gaba). Duk da haka, yuwuwar iyawa na iya raguwa a halin yanzu mai yawa saboda ƙarin zafi.
• Halayen Zafin Jiki:Ƙarfin haskakawa yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba kuma yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, ma'ana V_Fyana raguwa kadan yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Ana amfani da ƙimar ragewa na 0.4 mA/°C don sarrafa tasirin zafi.
• Rarraba Gani:Bakan fitarwa na LED ɗin AlInGaP yana da ɗan ƙunƙuntacce kuma siffar Gaussian, a tsakiya kusa da tsayon zango mafi girma. An lissafta tsayon zango mai rinjaye daga wannan bakan da ayyukan daidaita launi na CIE.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Na'ura da Sanya Pin

LED yana da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. Guntun launi biyu na ciki yana da takamaiman sanya pin: Pin 1 da 3 an sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP na Kore, yayin da Pin 2 da 4 an sanya su ga guntun AlInGaP na Jajj. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar sarrafa kowane launi da kansa.

5.2 Girman Kunshi da Kaset/Reel

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshi na EIA. Duk girmansu ana bayar da su a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.10 mm sai dai idan an faɗi. An kunna kayan aikin akan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin milimita 8, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7 (kimanin milimita 178). An haɗa cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya don tsarin na'urar, tsarin kafa PCB da aka ba da shawarar, da girmansu na kaset/reel don jagorantar ƙirar PCB da saitin haɗawa.

6. Jagororin Goge-goge da Haɗawa

6.1 Shafukan Reflow da Ake Ba da Shawara

An ba da shafukan goge-goge na infrared (IR) guda biyu da aka ba da shawarar: ɗaya don tsarin goge-goge na al'ada (tin-lead) ɗaya kuma don tsarin goge-goge maras gubar (Pb-free). An daidaita shafin maras gubar musamman don amfani da man goge-goge na SnAgCu (tin-silver-copper). Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da sarrafa haɓakawa, ƙayyadadden lokaci sama da ruwa, matsakaicin zafin jiki (yawanci 240-260°C matsakaicin), da ƙayyadadden ƙimar sanyaya don rage damuwar zafi akan kayan.

6.2 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Ya kamata a adana LED ɗin a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Kayan da aka cire daga ainihin kunshinsu na hana danshi ya kamata a goge su a cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin kunshin, dole ne a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan an adana su fiye da mako guda, ana ba da shawarar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 24 kafin goge-goge don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "gwaiduwa" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa bayan goge-goge ya zama dole, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED ɗin a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Yin amfani da wadatattun kaushi na sinadarai ko masu tsanani na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik da kayan kunshi.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Kunshi na al'ada shine guda 3000 a kowane reel inci 7. Mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na guda 500 ya shafi sauran adadin. Tsarin kaset da reel ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481-1-A. Muhimman ƙayyadaddun kaset sun haɗa da: ana rufe ramukan kayan da ba kowa tare da kaset ɗin murfi, kuma ana ba da izinin mafi yawan fitattun kayan aiki guda biyu a jere ("fitattun fitilu") a kowane reel, kamar yadda daidaitaccen ya tanada.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED mai launuka biyu ya dace da aikace-aikacen matsayi da nuni inda sarari yake da mahimmanci kuma ana buƙatar isar da matsayi da yawa. Misalai sun haɗa da: alamun wutar lantarki/matsayi akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci (misali, caji/tsaye), fitilun sigina masu launuka biyu akan allunan sarrafa masana'antu, nunin matsayi akan kayan aikin sadarwa, da hasken baya don maɓallan membrane ko gumaka masu buƙatar launuka biyu.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira da Hanyar Turawa

Mahimmanci:LED ɗin na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LED ɗin da yawa a layi daya, dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere donkowaneLED ko kowane tashar launi. Da'irar da aka ba da shawarar (Da'irar A) tana nuna resistor a jere tare da LED. Guji haɗa LED ɗin da yawa kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Da'irar B), saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayensu na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin raba halin yanzu kuma, saboda haka, haske.

Ya kamata a saita halin yanzu na turawa bisa ga buƙatun haske da iyakar ƙididdiga mafi girma, la'akari da duk wani ragewa da ake buƙata don ɗaukaka yanayin yanayi.

8.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga zubar da lantarki. Don hana lalacewar ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Ya kamata ma'aikata su sanya igiyoyin wuyan hannu da aka kafa ko safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali.
• Duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da racks na ajiya dole ne a kafa su da kyau.
• Ana iya amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban siffa mai banbanta na wannan ɓangaren shine haɗa guntu biyu masu inganci na AlInGaP (Kore da Jajj) a cikin kunshi ɗaya, ƙunƙuntaccen SMD. Fasahar AlInGaP tana ba da ingantacciyar inganci da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki don launuka jajj da amber idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP. Haɗuwa da faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 da sarrafa pin ɗaya ɗaya ga kowane launi yana ba da sassauƙan ƙira wanda ba a samu a cikin LED ɗin launi ɗaya ko LED ɗin launi biyu da aka haɗa da anode/cathode na gama gari. Dacewarsa da haɗawa ta atomatik da hanyoyin reflow marasa gubar ya sa ya zama zamani, mafita mai yuwuwa.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya turawa LED ɗin Kore da Jajj lokaci guda a cikin cikakken 30mA kowannensu?

A: A'a. Iyakar Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma don jimillar rushewar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW a kowace guntu. Turawa duka biyun a 30mA tare da V na al'ada_Fna 2.0V yana haifar da 60 mW a kowace guntu (P=I*V), wanda yana cikin iyaka. Duk da haka, idan V_Fyana a matsakaicinsa na 2.4V, wutar lantarki ta zama 72 mW, kusa da iyaka. Don aiki mai dogaro na dogon lokaci, musamman a manyan yanayin yanayi, yana da kyau a rage halin yanzu lokacin turawa duka launuka akai-akai.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye?

A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_P) shine tsawon zango na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin gani. Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka lissafta dangane da yadda idon ɗan adam ya fahimci launin wannan bakan. Don tushen launi ɗaya, suna daidai. Ga LED ɗin da ke da wasu faɗin gani, λ_dshine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya. λ_dya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikacen nuni.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidai ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu?

A: Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_{F_LED}) / I_{F_desired}. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanai (2.4V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ke tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce manufa ba ko da tare da bambancin sashi zuwa sashi. Misali, tare da wadata 5V da manufa I_Fna 20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms. Ana iya amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen da ke kusa (misali, 120 ko 150 Ohms), sake lissafin ainihin halin yanzu.

11. Ƙira da Amfani na Aikace-aikace

Harka: Nuna Matsayi Biyu don Na'urar Hannu

Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar mita mai ɗaukuwa. Ana buƙatar alama guda ɗaya don nuna matsayi uku: Kashe, Auna (Kore), da Kuskure/Ƙarancin Baturi (Jajj). Yin amfani da LTST-C155KGJRKT yana adana sararin allon idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu daban.

Ai:Microcontroller (MCU) yana da fil ɗin GPIO guda biyu da aka saita azaman fitarwa na buɗe-ramin. Kowane fil an haɗa shi da cathode na launi ɗaya ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu (wanda aka lissafta kamar yadda aka sama). An haɗa anodes na duka launukan LED zuwa layin dogo na tsarin 3.3V. Don kunna Kore, MCU yana turawa fil ɗin GPIO na Kore ƙasa. Don kunna Jajj, yana turawa fil ɗin GPIO na Jajj ƙasa. Don kashe LED, duka filayen GPIO an saita su zuwa yanayin juriya mai girma. Wannan da'irar tana ba da sarrafa kai tare da ƙananan kayan aiki.

Tunani:Dole ne mai ƙira ya tabbatar cewa filayen GPIO na MCU na iya nutse da halin yanzu na LED da ake buƙata (misali, 20mA). Idan ba haka ba, ana iya ƙara sauƙaƙan maɓallin transistor. Faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alamar daga kusurwoyi daban-daban yayin riƙe na'urar.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idoji

Diodes Masu Fitowa Hasken (LED) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don duka guntu, tsarin kayan da aka sani da inganci mai girma a cikin yankunan gani na jajj, orange, amber, da kore. Ruwan tabarau "mai tsabta" ba ya watsewa, yana barin ainihin tsarin haske mai jagora na guntu ya fito, yana haifar da faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa da aka ƙayyade.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Trend a cikin LED ɗin nuna yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na wutar lantarki), ƙananan girman kunshi don shimfidar PCB mai yawa, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙunƙuntaccen binning. Hakanan akwai haɓakar haɗa guntu da yawa (RGB, launi biyu) cikin kunshi ɗaya don ba da damar launuka da yawa da ikon haɗa launi a cikin ƙirar siffa mai ƙunƙuntacce. Bugu da ƙari, dacewa tare da ƙararraki masu tsauri na muhalli (RoHS, REACH) da manyan zafin jiki, hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar ya kasance ainihin buƙata. Haɓakar sabbin kayan semiconductor da phosphors na ci gaba da faɗaɗa gamut na launi da ingancin LED a cikin bakan gani.