Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Sanya Fil da Ruwan Tabarau
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Tsarin Kafet ɗin Giciye da aka Ba da Shawara
- 5.3 Kunshin Tef da Reel
- 6. Jagororin Giciye da Hada
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Sake Kwararar Giciye na IR
- 6.2 Giciye da Hannu
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 6.4 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)
- 7. Ajiya da Sarrafawa
- 8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Harka
- 12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
LTST-C195TBTGKT LED ne mai launuka biyu, na'urar da ake hawa a saman allon (SMD) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani masu matsanancin matsi na sarari. Yana hada guntu biyu daban-daban na semiconductor a cikin kwandon daya mai matsanancin karami: guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don fitar da hasken blue da guntu na InGaN don fitar da hasken green. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar samar da launuka biyu masu muhimmanci daga kayan aiki daya, yana ba da damar nuna matsayi, hasken baya, da hasken kayan ado a cikin mafi karancin sarari.
Babban fa'idodin wannan samfurin sun hada da siririnsa na musamman wanda bai wuce 0.55mm ba, wanda ke da muhimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar na'urori masu nuni masu siriri, na'urorin hannu, da fasahar sawa. An kera shi a matsayin samfurin kore, yana bin ka'idojin ROHS (Takunkumin Abubuwa Masu Hatsari), yana tabbatar da cewa ba shi da abubuwa kamar gubar, mercury, da cadmium. An tattara na'urar a kan tef mai nisan milimita 8 wanda aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita inci 7, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai da manyan na'urorin hadawa da sanya ta atomatik da ake amfani da su wajen samar da yawa. Tsarinsa kuma ya dace da hanyoyin hada giciye na infrared (IR), daidaitaccen tsarin hadawa na fasahar hawa a saman (SMT).
1.1 Sanya Fil da Ruwan Tabarau
Na'urar tana da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, wanda baya watsawa ko canza launin hasken, yana barin ainihin launin guntu (blue ko green) ya fito. Sanya fil yana da muhimmanci ga tsarin da'ira mai kyau. Ga LTST-C195TBTGKT, guntu na LED blue yana hawa zuwa fil 1 da 3, yayin da guntu na LED green yana hawa zuwa fil 2 da 4. Wannan tsarin anode/cathode mai zaman kansa yana ba da damar kowane launi a sarrafa shi daban ta hanyar da'irar turawa.
2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi
Wadannan matsayi suna ayyana iyakar matsin lamba wanda za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a karkashin ko a wadannan iyakokin ba. Ga duka guntun blue da green:
- Rashin Wutar Lantarki (Pd):76 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin yawan wutar lantarki da aka yarda da ita a matsayin zafi. Wuce wannan zai iya haifar da yawan zafi da saurin lalacewa.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):100 mA. An yarda da wannan kawai a karkashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin aiki 1/10 da nisa bugun 0.1ms. Ana amfani da shi don walƙiya gajeru, masu tsananin ƙarfi.
- DC Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):20 mA. Wannan shine shawarar ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba don aiki na yau da kullun, daidaita haske da tsawon rai.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-20°C zuwa +80°C. An tabbatar da na'urar tana aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-30°C zuwa +100°C.
- Yanayin Hadin Giciye na Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwar 260°C na dakika 10, wanda ya yi daidai da yanayin sake kwarara mara gubar (Pb-free).
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
Wadannan su ne sigogi na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):Ma'auni na ikon hasken da ake gani. Ga Blue: Mafi karancin 28.0 mcd, Ba a bayyana ƙimar yau da kullun ba, Mafi girma 180 mcd. Ga Green: Mafi karancin 45.0 mcd, Ba a bayyana ƙimar yau da kullun ba, Mafi girma 280 mcd. Guntu na green yana da inganci a zahiri dangane da hankalin idon mutum.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun ga duka launuka). Wannan faffadan kusurwar dubawa tana nuna tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi maimakon katako mai mai da hankali.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λP):Tsawon tsawon da rarraba ikon bakan ya fi girma. Blue: 468 nm (na yau da kullun). Green: 525 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):Tsawon tsawon guda daya wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani akan zanen launi na CIE. Blue: 470 nm (na yau da kullun). Green: 530 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan ƙimar ta fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi fiye da tsawon tsawon kololuwa.
- Rabin Nisa na Layin Bakan (Δλ):Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Blue: 25 nm (na yau da kullun). Green: 17 nm (na yau da kullun). Ƙunƙuntaccen rabin nisa yana nuna launi mafi tsafta a bakan.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ragewar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a ƙayyadadden halin yanzu. Blue: Na yau da kullun 3.30V, Mafi girma 3.80V. Green: Na yau da kullun 2.00V, Mafi girma 2.40V. Wannan bambanci ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar direba, musamman lokacin samar da wutar lantarki ga duka launuka daga layin wutar lantarki ɗaya.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Mafi girma 10 μA a Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR) na 5V. Ba a tsara LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan sigogi ne don siffanta zubewa kawai.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samar da yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki dangane da ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar matakin haske wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacensu.
3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken
Lambar kwandon harafi ɗaya ne wanda ke ayyana iyakar ƙarfi mafi ƙanƙanta/matsakaici. Toleranci a cikin kowane kwandon shine +/-15%.
Ga Guntu na Blue (wanda aka auna a mcd @ 20mA):
- Kwandon N: 28.0 – 45.0 mcd
- Kwandon P: 45.0 – 71.0 mcd
- Kwandon Q: 71.0 – 112.0 mcd
- Kwandon R: 112.0 – 180.0 mcd
Ga Guntu na Green (wanda aka auna a mcd @ 20mA):
- Kwandon P: 45.0 – 71.0 mcd
- Kwandon Q: 71.0 – 112.0 mcd
- Kwandon R: 112.0 – 180.0 mcd
- Kwandon S: 180.0 – 280.0 mcd
Za a nuna takamaiman kwandon don wani yanki na samarwa akan marufi ko a cikin takaddun oda.
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa aiki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na daidaitaccen tsari ba. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, tasirinsu na daidaitacce.
- Lanƙwasa I-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki):Zai nuna alaƙar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gwiwa yana kusa da ƙimar V na yau da kullunF. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu.
- Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Zai nuna cewa ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa kusan layi daya tare da halin yanzu har zuwa wani lokaci, bayan haka inganci yana raguwa saboda dumama da sauran tasiri. Aiki a shawarar 20mA yana tabbatar da inganci mafi kyau da tsawon rai.
- Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Yanayi:Zai nuna kashe zafi, inda fitowar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ke tashi. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ko yanayin zafi mai girma.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zai zana ƙarfin da ya dace da tsawon tsawon, yana nuna kololuwa da manyan tsayin tsawon da rabin nisa na bakan.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
5.1 Girman Kunshin
Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin EIA. Manyan girma (duka a mm, tolerance ±0.10mm sai dai idan an lura) sun haɗa da tsawon gabaɗaya (1.6mm), faɗi (0.8mm), da mahimmancin tsayi na 0.55mm. Cikakkun zane-zane masu girma za su nuna wuraren kafet, siffar ruwan tabarau, da alkiblar alama.
5.2 Tsarin Kafet ɗin Giciye da aka Ba da Shawara
An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don PCB don tabbatar da samar da haɗin giciye mai dogaro yayin sake kwarara. Bin wannan tsarin yana hana kabari (kayan aiki a tsaye) kuma yana tabbatar da daidaitawa da sauƙin zafi.
5.3 Kunshin Tef da Reel
Ana ba da LED a cikin tef mai zane tare da tef mai kariya, wanda aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita inci 7 (178mm). Wannan shine ma'auni don haɗawa ta atomatik.
- Tazarar aljihu: 8mm.
- Adadin kowane reel: 4000 guda.
- Mafi ƙarancin adadin oda don ragowar: 500 guda.
- Marufi ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.
6. Jagororin Giciye da Hada
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Sake Kwararar Giciye na IR
An ba da shawarar yanayin zafi don tsarin giciye mara gubar (Pb-free). Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da:
- Kafin Dumama:150-200°C.
- Lokacin Kafin Dumama:Mafi ƙarancin dakika 120 don ba da damar dumama iri ɗaya da kunna flux.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Mafi ƙarancin 260°C.
- Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Dakika 10 mafi girma (kuma mafi girma zagaye biyu na sake kwarara).
Bayanin yana dogara ne akan ka'idojin JEDEC, yana tabbatar da dogaron kayan aiki. Dole ne a siffanta ainihin bayanin don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man giciye, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.
6.2 Giciye da Hannu
Idan gyaran hannu ya zama dole:
- Zafin Ƙarfe na Giciye:Mafi ƙarancin 300°C.
- Lokacin Giciye:Mafi ƙarancin dakika 3 kowane haɗin gwiwa.
- Iyaka:Sau ɗaya kawai don giciye da hannu don hana lalacewar zafi.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan giciye, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi don guje wa lalata kunshin filastik. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sune barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Yakamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.
6.4 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)
LED suna da hankali ga wutar lantarki da haɓakar wutar lantarki. Kariyar sarrafawa wajibi ne:
- Yi amfani da abin wuya mai ƙasa ko safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali.
- Tabbatar cewa duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da kayan aiki suna da ƙasa da kyau.
7. Ajiya da Sarrafawa
- Kunshin da aka Rufe (Jakar Shinge Danshi):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangi (RH). Tsawon rayuwar shinge shekara ɗaya ne lokacin ajiyewa a cikin jakar asali tare da desiccant.
- Kunshin da aka Buɗe:Yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C / 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga jakar da aka rufe yakamata a sake giciye su a cikin mako guda.
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (Ba a cikin Jakar ba):Ajiye a cikin akwati da aka rufe tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
- Gasasshen:Idan abubuwan sun kasance a cikin yanayin yanayi fiye da mako guda, dole ne a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin giciye don cire danshin da aka sha kuma a hana "popcorning" yayin sake kwarara.
8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- Masu Nuna Matsayi:Ƙarfin launuka biyu yana ba da damar yanayi da yawa (misali, blue don "kunna/aiki," green don "jiran aiki/cikakke," duka suna kunna don yanayi na uku).
- Hasken Baya don Maɓallan Maɓalli da Alamomi:A cikin wayoyin hannu, na'urorin sarrafa nesa, da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, inda sarari ya taƙaita sosai.
- Hasken Kayan Ado:A cikin na'urorin sawa, inda siririn bayanin yake da mahimmanci.
- Masu Nuna Allon:A cikin kayan aikin sarrafa masana'antu, kayan aikin sadarwa, da cikin motoci.
8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane
- Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jeri ko direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu. Lissafa ƙimar resistor daban don kowane launi saboda bambancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (misali, Riyaka= (Vsamarwa- VF) / IF).
- Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake rashin wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko a matsakaicin halin yanzu, don kiyaye zafin haɗin a cikin iyakoki.
- Tsarin PCB:Bi girman kafet ɗin giciye da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya da samar da fillet ɗin giciye mai kyau.
- Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Kamar yadda ba a tsara na'urar don karkatar da baya ba, tabbatar da ƙirar da'ira tana hana amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya, wanda zai iya wuce yanayin gwaji na 5V kuma ya haifar da gazawar nan take.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Manyan abubuwan banbance na LTST-C195TBTGKT idan aka kwatanta da LED guda ɗaya ko LED masu launuka biyu masu kauri sune:
- Siririn Bayanin Siriri (0.55mm):Yana ba da damar ƙira a cikin na'urori masu siriri na zamani inda sararin tsaye yake da daraja.
- Guntu Biyu na InGaN:Yana ba da blue da green daga ingantattun kayan semiconductor na zamani, yana ba da haske mai kyau da tsaftar launi.
- Cikakken Daidaituwar SMT:An tsara shi don dacewa da sanyawa ta atomatik da daidaitattun bayanan sake kwarara mara gubar, yana rage farashin haɗawa da rikitarwa.
- Daidaituwar Binning:Yana ba da aikin haske mai iya hasashe, yana taimakawa wajen ƙira don daidaitaccen fitowar gani a cikin ayyukan samarwa.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙi LED blue da green lokaci guda daga tushen wutar lantarki ɗaya?
A: I, amma dole ne a tuƙe su daban tare da hanyoyin iyakance halin yanzu daban (misali, resistors biyu) saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba sun bambanta sosai (3.3V vs. 2.0V). Haɗa su a layi daya kai tsaye zai sa yawancin halin yanzu ya gudana ta cikin LED green saboda ƙarancin VF.
Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon tsawon kololuwa da tsawon tsawon da ya fi girma?
A: Tsawon tsawon kololuwa (λP) shine tsawon tsawon jiki mafi girma na fitarwa na bakan. Tsawon tsawon da ya fi girma (λd) ƙimar lissafi ce daga zanen launi na CIE wanda ke wakiltar launin da ake gani. λdya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a cikin ƙira.
Q3: Me ya sa yanayin ajiya na buɗaɗɗen kunshin ya fi na rufaffu tsauri?
A: Kunshin LED na filastik zai iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na sake kwararar giciye, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba a ciki kuma yana iya fashe kunshin ("popcorning" ko "delamination"). Jakar da aka rufe tare da desiccant tana hana sha danshi.
Q4: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan LED don hasken waje na mota?
A: Takardar bayanai ta ƙayyade cewa LED na "kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun" ne. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar dogaro na musamman, kamar hasken waje na mota (mai fuskantar matsanancin zafin jiki, girgiza, da danshi), suna buƙatar tuntubar masana'anta don ingantattun samfuran da aka tsara kuma aka gwada su zuwa ma'auni na matakin mota (misali, AEC-Q102).
11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Harka
Harka: Ƙirar Mai Nuna Matsayi Biyu don Mai Watsa Sauti na Bluetooth Mai ɗaukuwa
Mai watsa sauti yana buƙatar alama ɗaya, ƙarami don nuna wutar lantarki (blue) da matsayin haɗin Bluetooth (walƙiya green lokacin nema, m green lokacin haɗawa). LTST-C195TBTGKT yana da kyau saboda tsayinsa na 0.55mm ya dace da bayan mai watsawa na filastik siriri. Microcontroller (MCU) yana da fil biyu na GPIO waɗanda aka saita azaman fitarwa na buɗe-ramin. Kowane fil yana haɗe zuwa anode na launin LED ɗaya ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. An haɗa cathodes zuwa ƙasa. An lissafa ƙimar resistors dangane da samar da wutar lantarki na MCU na 3.3V: RBlue= (3.3V - 3.3V) / 0.02A ≈ 0Ω (yi amfani da ƙaramin resistor kamar 10Ω don aminci). RGreen= (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.02A = 65Ω (yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 68Ω). Firmware na MCU yana sarrafa filaye don ƙirƙirar jerin hasken da ake buƙata.
12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
Diodes Masu Fitowa Hasken (LED) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type. Wannan taron sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi. A cikin semiconductors na bandgap kai tsaye, wannan makamashi yana fitarwa da farko azaman zafi. A cikin semiconductors na bandgap kai tsaye kamar InGaN (da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan na'urar), ana fitar da makamashi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap (Eg) na kayan semiconductor, bisa ga lissafin λ = hc/Eg, inda h shine Planck's constant kuma c shine saurin haske. Tsarin kayan InGaN yana ba da damar injiniyan bandgap don samar da haske a cikin bakan blue, green, da ultraviolet. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya da siffantar tsarin fitar haske.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Ci gaban LED kamar LTST-C195TBTGKT yana bin wasu manyan trends na masana'antu:
- Ƙananan Ƙirar:Ci gaba da tuƙi zuwa ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, 01005, micro-LEDs) don ba da damar lantarki mafi girma da sabbin siffofi kamar na'urori masu nuni masu sassauƙa da na nadi.
- Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen inganci na quantum na ciki (IQE) da dabarun cire haske don isar da ƙarfin haske mafi girma (mcd) a halin yanzu ɗaya ko ƙasa, inganta tsawon rai na baturi a cikin na'urorin ɗaukuwa.
- Ingantaccen Kunshin:Ci gaban kunshin akan kunshin (PoP) da kunshin sikelin guntu (CSP) don LED don ƙara rage kauri da inganta aikin zafi.
- Haɗa Launi da Hasken Hikima:Haɗa guntu launuka da yawa (RGB, RGBW) ko farin LED masu canza phosphor tare da haɗaɗɗun ICs na sarrafawa cikin kunshin guda, yana ba da damar hasken farin da za a iya daidaitawa da tasirin launi mai ƙarfi don ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa na mutum-da-mutumi da hasken yanayi.
- Dogaro da Daidaitawa:Ingantattun ka'idojin gwaji (kamar JEDEC) don hankalin danshi, kewayon zafi, da ESD don tabbatar da dogaro a cikin aikace-aikace masu wahala, gami da na mota da na masana'antu.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |